Saracen, the Glossary
German woodcut depicting Saracens Saracen was a term used both in Greek and Latin writings between the 5th and 15th centuries to refer to the people who lived in and near what was designated by the Romans as Arabia Petraea and Arabia Deserta.[1]
Table of Contents
197 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Abraham, Adelchis of Benevento, Aegean Sea, Age of Discovery, Aghlabid dynasty, Agropoli, Al-Andalus, Alexandria, Amalfi, Andrew II of Naples, Annales Bertiniani, Arab slave trade, Arab–Byzantine wars, Arabia Deserta, Arabia Petraea, Arabian Peninsula, Arabs, Arles, Balearic Islands, Barbarian, Bari, Basic Books, Basil I, Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, Böszörmény, Berbers, Berengar I of Italy, Bridgehead, Brill Publishers, Brindisi, Burgundians, Byzantine Greeks, Calabria, Caliphate, Camargue, Cambridge University Press, Campania, Carolingian Empire, Catholic Church, Christianity in Europe, Columbia University Press, Consul, Crete, Crusade cycle, Cyprus, Decius, Diocletian, Doge of Venice, Duke of Naples, ... Expand index (147 more) »
- Arab people
- Christianity and Islam
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Saracen and Abbasid Caliphate
Abraham
Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Adelchis of Benevento
Adelchis (died May 878) was the son of Radelchis I, Prince of Benevento, and successor of his brother Radelgar in 854.
See Saracen and Adelchis of Benevento
Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia.
Age of Discovery
The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration, was part of the early modern period and largely overlapping with the Age of Sail.
See Saracen and Age of Discovery
Aghlabid dynasty
The Aghlabid dynasty (الأغالبة) was an Arab dynasty centered in Ifriqiya from 800 to 909 that conquered parts of Sicily, Southern Italy, and possibly Sardinia, nominally as vassals of the Abbasid Caliphate.
See Saracen and Aghlabid dynasty
Agropoli
Agropoli is a town and comune located in the Cilento area of the province of Salerno, Campania, Italy.
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.
Alexandria
Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.
Amalfi
Amalfi is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, in the region of Campania, Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno.
Andrew II of Naples
Andrew II was the duke of Naples from 834 to 840.
See Saracen and Andrew II of Naples
Annales Bertiniani
Annales Bertiniani (Annals of Saint Bertin) are late Carolingian, Frankish annals that were found in the Abbey of Saint Bertin, Saint-Omer, France, after which they are named.
See Saracen and Annales Bertiniani
Arab slave trade
Arab slave trade refers to various periods in which a slave trade has been carried out under the auspices of Arab peoples or Arab countries.
See Saracen and Arab slave trade
Arab–Byzantine wars
The Arab–Byzantine wars were a series of wars from the 7th to 11th centuries between multiple Arab dynasties and the Byzantine Empire.
See Saracen and Arab–Byzantine wars
Arabia Deserta
Arabia Deserta (Latin meaning "Abandoned/Deserted Arabia"), also known as Arabia Magna ("Great Arabia"), signified the desert interior of the Arabian peninsula.
See Saracen and Arabia Deserta
Arabia Petraea
Arabia Petraea or Petrea, also known as Rome's Arabian Province (Provincia Arabia; العربية الصخرية.; Ἐπαρχία Πετραίας Ἀραβίας) or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the 2nd century.
See Saracen and Arabia Petraea
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.
See Saracen and Arabian Peninsula
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
Arles
Arles (Arle; Classical Arelate) is a coastal city and commune in the South of France, a subprefecture in the Bouches-du-Rhône department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in the former province of Provence.
Balearic Islands
The Balearic Islands (Illes Balears; Islas Baleares or) are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
See Saracen and Balearic Islands
Barbarian
A barbarian is a person or tribe of people that is perceived to be primitive, savage and warlike. Saracen and barbarian are exonyms.
Bari
Bari (Bare; Barium) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, southern Italy.
See Saracen and Bari
Basic Books
Basic Books is a book publisher founded in 1950 and located in New York City, now an imprint of Hachette Book Group.
Basil I
Basil I, nicknamed "the Macedonian" (Basíleios ō Makedṓn; 811 – 29 August 886), was Byzantine emperor from 867 to 886.
Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
The Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le Mura) is one of Rome's four major papal basilicas, along with the basilicas of Saint John in the Lateran, Saint Peter's, and Saint Mary Major, as well as one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome.
See Saracen and Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
Böszörmény
Böszörmény, also Izmaelita or Hysmaelita ("Ishmaelites") or Szerecsen ("Saracens"), is a name for the Muslims who lived in the Kingdom of Hungary in the 10–13th centuries.
Berbers
Berbers, or the Berber peoples, also called by their endonym Amazigh or Imazighen, are a diverse grouping of distinct ethnic groups indigenous to North Africa who predate the arrival of Arabs in the Arab migrations to the Maghreb.
Berengar I of Italy
Berengar I (Berengarius, Perngarius; Berengario; 845 – 7 April 924) was the king of Italy from 887.
See Saracen and Berengar I of Italy
Bridgehead
In military strategy, a bridgehead (or bridge-head) is the strategically important area of ground around the end of a bridge or other place of possible crossing over a body of water which at time of conflict is sought to be defended or taken over by the belligerent forces.
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
See Saracen and Brill Publishers
Brindisi
Brindisi is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the former capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea.
Burgundians
The Burgundians were an early Germanic tribe or group of tribes.
Byzantine Greeks
The Byzantine Greeks were the Greek-speaking Eastern Romans throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Saracen and Byzantine Greeks are Ethnonyms.
See Saracen and Byzantine Greeks
Calabria
Calabria is a region in southern Italy.
Caliphate
A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.
Camargue
The Camargue (also,,; Camarga) is a coastal region in southern France located south of the city of Arles, between the Mediterranean Sea and the two arms of the Rhône river delta.
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Saracen and Cambridge University Press
Campania
Campania is an administrative region of Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea to its west), but it also includes the small Phlegraean Islands and the island of Capri.
Carolingian Empire
The Carolingian Empire (800–887) was a Frankish-dominated empire in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages.
See Saracen and Carolingian Empire
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Saracen and Catholic Church
Christianity in Europe
Christianity is the predominant religion in Europe.
See Saracen and Christianity in Europe
Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.
See Saracen and Columbia University Press
Consul
Consul (abbrev. cos.; Latin plural consules) was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire.
Crete
Crete (translit, Modern:, Ancient) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.
Crusade cycle
The Crusade cycle is an Old French literary cycle of chansons de geste concerning the First Crusade and its aftermath.
Cyprus
Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Decius
Gaius Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius (201June 251), known as Trajan Decius or simply Decius, was Roman emperor from 249 to 251.
Diocletian
Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, Diokletianós; 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed Jovius, was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305.
Doge of Venice
The Doge of Venice was the highest role of authority within the Republic of Venice (697 CE to 1797 CE).
See Saracen and Doge of Venice
Duke of Naples
The dukes of Naples were the military commanders of the ducatus Neapolitanus, a Byzantine outpost in Italy, one of the few remaining after the conquest of the Lombards.
See Saracen and Duke of Naples
Duke of Spoleto
The Duke of Spoleto was the ruler of Spoleto and most of central Italy outside the Papal States during the Early and High Middle Ages (c. 500 – 1300).
See Saracen and Duke of Spoleto
Dumbarton Oaks
Dumbarton Oaks, formally the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, is a historic estate in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It was the residence and gardens of wealthy U.S. diplomat Robert Woods Bliss and his wife Mildred Barnes Bliss.
See Saracen and Dumbarton Oaks
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century.
See Saracen and Early Middle Ages
Early Muslim conquests
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests (translit), also known as the Arab conquests, were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
See Saracen and Early Muslim conquests
Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)
The Ecclesiastical History (Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ Ἱστορία, Ekklēsiastikḕ Historía; Historia Ecclesiastica), also known as The History of the Church and Church History, is a 4th-century chronological account of the development of Early Christianity from the 1st century to the 4th century, composed by Eusebius, the bishop of Caesarea.
See Saracen and Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
Embroidery
Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to stitch thread or yarn.
Emir
Emir (أمير, also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a long history of use in the Arab World, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.
See Saracen and Emir
Emirate
An emirate is a territory ruled by an emir, a title used by monarchs or high officeholders in the Muslim world.
Emirate of Bari
The Emirate of Bari was a short-lived Islamic state in Apulia, in what is now Italy, ruled by non-Arabs, probably Berbers and Black Africans.
See Saracen and Emirate of Bari
Emirate of Crete
The Emirate of Crete (Iqrīṭish or إقريطية,; Krētē) was an Islamic state that existed on the Mediterranean island of Crete from the late 820s to the reconquest of the island by the Byzantine Empire in 961.
See Saracen and Emirate of Crete
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Saracen and Encyclopædia Britannica
Equites
The equites (though sometimes referred to as "knights" in English) constituted the second of the property-based classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the senatorial class.
Euphrates
The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.
Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from the Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμφίλου), was a Greek Syro-Palestinian historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist.
Fatimid Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate or Fatimid Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya) was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
See Saracen and Fatimid Caliphate
Fondi
Fondi (Fundi; Southern Laziale: Fùnn) is a city and comune in the province of Latina, Lazio, central Italy, halfway between Rome and Naples.
Franks
Aristocratic Frankish burial items from the Merovingian dynasty The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum;; Francs.) were a western European people during the Roman Empire and Middle Ages.
Fréjus
Fréjus is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France.
Gaeta
Gaeta (Cāiēta; Southern Laziale: Gaieta) is a city in the province of Latina, in Lazio, Italy.
Gargano
Gargano is a historical and geographical sub-region in the province of Foggia, Apulia, southeast Italy, consisting of a wide isolated mountain massif made of highland and several peaks and forming the backbone of the Gargano Promontory projecting into the Adriatic Sea, the "spur" on the Italian "boot".
Garigliano
The Garigliano is a river in central Italy.
Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις,, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.
See Saracen and Geography (Ptolemy)
Ghazi (warrior)
A ghazi (غازي,, plural ġuzāt) is an individual who participated in ghazw (غزو, ġazw), meaning military expeditions or raiding.
See Saracen and Ghazi (warrior)
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Saracen and Greek language
Hagar
According to the Book of Genesis, Hagar was an Egyptian slave, a handmaiden of Sarah (then known as Sarai), whom Sarah gave to her own husband Abram (later renamed Abraham) as a wife to bear him a child.
Hagarenes
Hagarenes (Ἀγαρηνοί, ܗܓܪܝܐ or ܡܗܓܪܝܐ, Հագարացի) is a term widely used by early Syriac, Greek, Coptic and Armenian sources to describe the early Arab conquerors of Mesopotamia, Syria and Egypt. Saracen and Hagarenes are Christianity and Islam and ethno-cultural designations.
Hejaz
The Hejaz (also; lit) is a region that includes the majority of the west coast of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Baljurashi.
Hippolytus of Rome
Hippolytus of Rome (Romanized: Hippólytos, –) was a Bishop of Rome and one of the most important second–third centuries Christian theologians, whose provenance, identity and corpus remain elusive to scholars and historians.
See Saracen and Hippolytus of Rome
Historia Augusta
The Historia Augusta (English: Augustan History) is a late Roman collection of biographies, written in Latin, of the Roman emperors, their junior colleagues, designated heirs and usurpers from 117 to 284.
See Saracen and Historia Augusta
Holy Land
The Holy Land is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine.
Horace
Quintus Horatius Flaccus (8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC),Suetonius,. commonly known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his Odes as the only Latin lyrics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."Quintilian 10.1.96.
Indo-Saracenic architecture
Indo-Saracenic architecture (also known as Indo-Gothic, Mughal-Gothic, Neo-Mughal, in the 19th century often Indo-Islamic style) was a revivalist architectural style mostly used by British architects in India in the later 19th century, especially in public and government buildings in the British Raj, and the palaces of rulers of the princely states.
See Saracen and Indo-Saracenic architecture
Ischia
Ischia is a volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Ishmael
Ishmael was the first son of Abraham, according to the Abrahamic religions.
Ishmaelites
The Ishmaelites (Yīšməʿēʾlīm; sons of Ishmael) were a collection of various Arab tribes, tribal confederations and small kingdoms described in Abrahamic tradition as being descended from and named after Ishmael, a prophet according to the Quran, the first son of Abraham and the Egyptian Hagar. Saracen and Ishmaelites are Ethnonyms.
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
Jerome
Jerome (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian priest, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome.
John of Damascus
John of Damascus (Yūḥana ad-Dimashqī; Ioánnēs ho Damaskēnós,; Ioannes Damascenus; born Yūḥana ibn Manṣūr ibn Sarjūn, يوحنا إبن منصور إبن سرجون) or John Damascene was an Arab Christian monk, priest, hymnographer, and apologist.
See Saracen and John of Damascus
John V. Tolan
John Victor Tolan (born 1959) is a historian of religious and cultural relations between the Arab and Latin-speaking civilizations of the Middle Ages.
Kairouan
Kairouan, also spelled El Qayrawān or Kairwan (al-Qayrawān, Qeirwān), is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate in Tunisia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Khaybar
KhaybarOther standardized Arabic transliterations: /. Anglicized pronunciation:,. (خَيْبَر) is an oasis in Medina Province, Saudi Arabia, situated some north of the city of Medina.
Kvarner Gulf
The Kvarner Gulf, sometimes also Kvarner Bay, is a bay in the northern Adriatic Sea, located between the Istrian peninsula and the northern Croatian Littoral mainland.
Landulf I of Capua
Landulf I (c. 795 – 843), called the Old, was the first gastald of Capua of his illustrious family, which would rule Capua until 1058.
See Saracen and Landulf I of Capua
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Leonine City
The Leonine City (Latin: Civitas Leonina) is the part of the city of Rome which, during the Middle Ages, was enclosed with the Leonine Wall, built by order of Pope Leo IV in the 9th century.
Licosa
Licosa is a southern Italian village and hamlet (frazione) of Castellabate, a municipality in the province of Salerno, Campania.
List of Byzantine emperors
The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.
See Saracen and List of Byzantine emperors
List of dukes and princes of Benevento
This is a list of the dukes and princes of Benevento.
See Saracen and List of dukes and princes of Benevento
Longman
Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.
Louis II of Italy
Louis II (825 – 12 August 875), sometimes called the Younger, was the king of Italy and emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 844, co-ruling with his father Lothair I until 855, after which he ruled alone.
See Saracen and Louis II of Italy
Louis the Pious
Louis the Pious (Ludwig der Fromme; Louis le Pieux; 16 April 778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair and the Debonaire, was King of the Franks and co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813.
See Saracen and Louis the Pious
Magarites
The Magharians ('people of the caves') or Maghāriya were, according to Jacob Qirqisani, a Jewish sect founded in the 1st century BCE.
Malta
Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea.
Marseille
Marseille or Marseilles (Marseille; Marselha; see below) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
Matera
Matera (Materano: Matàrë) is a city and the capital of the Province of Matera in the region of Basilicata, in Southern Italy.
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Saracen and Mediterranean Sea
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Mohammedan
Mohammedan (also spelled Muhammadan, Mahommedan, Mahomedan or Mahometan) is a term for a follower of Muhammad, the Islamic prophet.
Monte Cassino
Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of.
Moors
The term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim populations of the Maghreb, al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Saracen and Moors are Arab people.
Mount Saraceno
Mount Saraceno is a mountain on the Adriatic Sea within the territory of Mattinata in Apulia, Italy.
See Saracen and Mount Saraceno
Muhajirun
The Muhajirun (al-muhājirūn, singular مهاجر) were the converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated from Mecca to Medina, the event is known in Islam as the Hijra.
Muhammad
Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.
Muslim conquest of Sicily
The Muslim conquest of Sicily began in June 827 and lasted until 902, when the last major Byzantine stronghold on the island, Taormina, fell.
See Saracen and Muslim conquest of Sicily
Muslim conquest of the Levant
The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Fatḥ al-šām; lit. "Conquest of Syria"), or Arab conquest of Syria, was a 634–638 CE invasion of Byzantine Syria by the Rashidun Caliphate.
See Saracen and Muslim conquest of the Levant
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Naples
Naples (Napoli; Napule) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.
Naval fleet
A fleet or naval fleet is a large formation of warships – the largest formation in any navy – controlled by one leader.
Near East
The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt.
Normans
The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and locals of West Francia.
Notitia Dignitatum
The Notitia dignitatum et administrationum omnium tam civilium quam militarium (Latin for 'List of all dignities and administrations both civil and military') is a document of the Late Roman Empire that details the administrative organization of the Western and the Eastern Roman Empire.
See Saracen and Notitia Dignitatum
Old French
Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; ancien français) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France approximately between the late 8th and the mid-14th century.
Oria, Apulia
Oria (or Orra, Uria; translit or Οὐρία,; translit) is a town and comune in the Apulia region, in the province of Brindisi, in southern Italy.
Ostia Antica
Ostia Antica is an ancient Roman city and the port of Rome located at the mouth of the Tiber.
Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto II (955 – 7 December 983), called the Red, was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983.
See Saracen and Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto the Great
Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (Otto der Große Ottone il Grande), or Otto of Saxony (Otto von Sachsen Ottone di Sassonia), was East Frankish king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973.
See Saracen and Otto the Great
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
See Saracen and Ottoman Empire
Pescennius Niger
Gaius Pescennius Niger (c. 135 – 194) was a Roman usurper from 193 to 194 during the Year of the Five Emperors.
See Saracen and Pescennius Niger
Phoenicia
Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon.
Pietro II Orseolo
Pietro II Orseolo (961−1009) was the Doge of Venice from 991 to 1009, and a member of the House of Orseolo.
See Saracen and Pietro II Orseolo
Ponza, Lazio
Ponza is a comune (municipality) of the Province of Latina in the Italian region Lazio.
Pope Dionysius of Alexandria
Dionysius the Great (Διονύσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας) was the 14th Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria from 28 December 248 until his death on 22 March 264.
See Saracen and Pope Dionysius of Alexandria
Pope John X
Pope John X (Ioannes X; died 28 May 928) was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from March 914 to his death.
Pope Leo IV
Pope Leo IV (died 17 July 855) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 10 April 847 to his death.
Pope Sergius II
Pope Sergius II (Sergius II; died 27 January 847) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from January 844 to his death in 847.
See Saracen and Pope Sergius II
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Saracen and Princeton University Press
Principality of Capua
The Principality of Capua (Principatus Capuae or Capue, Principato di Capua) was a Lombard state centred on Capua in Southern Italy.
See Saracen and Principality of Capua
Principality of Salerno
The Principality of Salerno (Principatus Salerni.) was a medieval Southern Italian state, formed in 851 out of the Principality of Benevento after a decade-long civil war.
See Saracen and Principality of Salerno
Provence
Provence is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.
Radelchis I of Benevento
Radelchis I (also Radalgis) (died 851) was the treasurer, then prince of Benevento from 839, when he assumed the throne upon the assassination (possibly at his instigation) of Sicard and imprisonment of Sicard's brother, Siconulf, to his death, though in his time the principality was divided.
See Saracen and Radelchis I of Benevento
Rashidun Caliphate
The Rashidun Caliphate (al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Saracen and Rashidun Caliphate
Rhône
The Rhône is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea.
Rhodes
Rhodes (translit) is the largest of the Dodecanese islands of Greece and is their historical capital; it is the ninth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.
Roman army
The Roman army (Latin: exercitus Romanus) was the armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC) to the Roman Republic (509 BC–27 BC) and the Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD), and its medieval continuation, the Eastern Roman Empire.
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Rome
Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.
See Saracen and Rome
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
San Vincenzo al Volturno
San Vincenzo al Volturno is a historic Benedictine monastery located in the territories of the Comunes of Castel San Vincenzo and Rocchetta a Volturno, in the Province of Isernia, near the source of the river Volturno in Italy.
See Saracen and San Vincenzo al Volturno
Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
The Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel (Santuario di San Michele Arcangelo) is a Roman Catholic shrine on Mount Gargano, Italy, part of the commune of Monte Sant'Angelo, in the province of Foggia, northern Apulia.
See Saracen and Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
Santa Severina
Santa Severina (Santa Siverina) is a town and comune in the province of Crotone, in the Calabria region of southern Italy.
See Saracen and Santa Severina
Sarah
Sarah (born Sarai) is a biblical matriarch, prophet, and major figure in Abrahamic religions.
Sarsen
Sarsen stones are silicified sandstone blocks found extensively across southern England on the Salisbury Plain and the Marlborough Downs in Wiltshire; in Kent; and in smaller quantities in Berkshire, Essex, Oxfordshire, Dorset, and Hampshire.
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.
See Saracen and Sasanian Empire
Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root).
Serkland
In Old Norse sources, such as sagas and runestones, Serkland (also Særkland, Srklant, Sirklant, Serklat, etc.) was the "land of the Serkir", usually identified with the Saracens. Saracen and Serkland are exonyms.
Shabbethai Donnolo
Shabbethai Donnolo (913 – c. 982, שבתי דונולו) was a Graeco-Italian Jewish physician and writer on medicine and astrology.
See Saracen and Shabbethai Donnolo
Sicard of Benevento
Sicard (died 839) was the Prince of Benevento from 832.
See Saracen and Sicard of Benevento
Sicily
Sicily (Sicilia,; Sicilia,, officially Regione Siciliana) is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy.
Sico of Benevento
Sico (758 – 832) was the Lombard Prince of Benevento from 817 to his death.
See Saracen and Sico of Benevento
Siconulf of Salerno
Siconulf (also Siconolf, Sikenolf, Siconolfo, or Siconulfus) was the first prince of Salerno, the brother of Sicard, prince of Benevento (832–839), who was assassinated by Radelchis.
See Saracen and Siconulf of Salerno
Siege of Antioch
The siege of Antioch took place during the First Crusade in 1097 and 1098, on the crusaders' way to Jerusalem through Syria.
See Saracen and Siege of Antioch
Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
The Siege of Jerusalem lasted from 20 September to 2 October 1187, when Balian of Ibelin surrendered the city to Saladin.
See Saracen and Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
Sinai Peninsula
The Sinai Peninsula, or simply Sinai (سِينَاء; سينا; Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ), is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia.
See Saracen and Sinai Peninsula
Siponto
Siponto (Sipontum, Σιπιούς) was an ancient port town and bishopric of Magna Graecia in Apulia, southern Italy.
Song of Roland
The Song of Roland (La Chanson de Roland) is an 11th-century based on the deeds of the Frankish military leader Roland at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in AD 778, during the reign of the Emperor Charlemagne.
See Saracen and Song of Roland
Sorrento
Sorrento (Surrentum) is a town overlooking the Bay of Naples in Southern Italy.
South Italy
South Italy (Italia meridionale or Sud Italia) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency.
St. Peter's Basilica
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica (Basilica Sancti Petri; Basilica di San Pietro), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy.
See Saracen and St. Peter's Basilica
Stonehenge
Stonehenge is a prehistoric megalithic structure on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England, west of Amesbury.
Syracuse, Sicily
Syracuse (Siracusa; Sarausa) is a historic city on the Italian island of Sicily, the capital of the Italian province of Syracuse.
See Saracen and Syracuse, Sicily
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
Syrian Desert
The Syrian Desert (بادية الشامBādiyat Ash-Shām), also known as the North Arabian Desert, the Jordanian steppe, or the Badiya, is a region of desert, semi-desert, and steppe, covering approx.
Taormina
Taormina (also,; Taurmina) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina, on the east coast of the island of Sicily, Italy.
Taranto
Taranto (Tarde) is a coastal city in Apulia, Southern Italy.
Tayy
The Tayy (طيء/ALA-LC: Ṭayyi’), (Musnad: 𐩷𐩺), also known as Ṭayyi, Tayyaye, or Taiyaye, are a large and ancient Arab tribe, among whose descendants today are the tribes of Bani Sakher and Shammar. The nisba (patronymic) of Tayy is aṭ-Ṭāʾī (ٱلطَّائِي). In the second century CE, they migrated to the northern Arabian ranges of the Shammar and Salma Mountains, which then collectively became known as the Jabal Tayy, and later Jabal Shammar.
See Saracen and Tayy
Teaching of Jacob
The Teaching of Jacob (Διδασκαλία Ἰακώβου, Didaskalia Iakobou; Latin Doctrina Jacobi; Ethiopic Sargis d'Aberga) has a controversial dating from the early 7th century to the late 8th century.
See Saracen and Teaching of Jacob
Thamud
The Thamud (translit) were an ancient tribe or tribal confederation in pre-Islamic Arabia that occupied the northwestern Arabian peninsula between the late-eighth century BCE, when they are attested in Assyrian sources, and the fifth century CE, when they served as Roman auxiliaries. Saracen and Thamud are ancient peoples.
The King of Tars
The King of Tars is a medieval English chivalric romance, an amplified version of the oldest variant found in the Reimchronik, which is found in three manuscripts including the Auchinleck manuscript.
See Saracen and The King of Tars
Theodosius I
Theodosius I (Θεοδόσιος; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also called Theodosius the Great, was a Roman emperor from 379 to 395.
Tribes of Arabia
The tribes of Arabia or Arab tribes denote ethnic Arab tribes originating in the Arabian Peninsula. Saracen and tribes of Arabia are Arab people.
See Saracen and Tribes of Arabia
Tunisia
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.
Umayyad dynasty
The Umayyad dynasty (Sons of Umayya) or Umayyads (al-Umawiyyūn) was an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe who were the ruling family of the Caliphate between 661 and 750 and later of al-Andalus between 756 and 1031.
See Saracen and Umayyad dynasty
Umayyad state of Córdoba
The Umayyad state of Córdoba was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031.
See Saracen and Umayyad state of Córdoba
University of Rochester
The University of Rochester is a private research university in Rochester, New York, United States.
See Saracen and University of Rochester
University of Texas Press
The University of Texas Press (or UT Press) is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin.
See Saracen and University of Texas Press
Venetian navy
The Venetian navy (Armada) was the navy of the Venetian Republic which played an important role in the history of the republic and the Mediterranean world.
Venosa
Venosa (Lucano: Vënòsë) is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the southern Italian region of Basilicata, in the Vulture area.
Weaving
Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.
West Country English
West Country English is a group of English language varieties and accents used by much of the native population of the West Country, an area found in the southwest of England.
See Saracen and West Country English
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
Zoe Porphyrogenita
Zoe Porphyrogenita (also spelled Zoë; Ζωή Πορφυρογέννητη, "life"; 978 – 1050) was a member of the Macedonian dynasty who briefly reigned as Byzantine empress in 1042, alongside her sister Theodora. Before that she was enthroned as empress consort or empress mother to a series of co-rulers, two of whom were married to her.
See Saracen and Zoe Porphyrogenita
2nd century
The 2nd century is the period from AD 101 (represented by the Roman numerals CI) through AD 200 (CC) in accordance with the Julian calendar.
4th century
The 4th century was the time period from AD 301 (represented by the Roman numerals CCCI) to AD 400 (CD) in accordance with the Julian calendar.
843
Year 843 (DCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
See Saracen and 843
See also
Arab people
- Algerian people
- Algerians
- Ancient Arabs
- Ansari (nesba)
- Arab citizens of Israel
- Arab women
- Arabs in Turkey
- Bahraini people
- Bedouins
- Egyptian people
- Emiratis
- Iraqi people
- Iraqis
- Jordanian people
- Kuwaiti people
- Lebanese people
- Libyan people
- List of Arab citizens of Israel
- Maghrebi Arabs
- Maghrebis
- Moors
- Moroccan people
- Moroccans
- Muhammad Jamal Saqr
- Omanis
- Palestinian people
- Palestinians
- Qatari people
- Qataris
- Sahrawi people
- Sahrawis
- Saracen
- Saudi Arabian people
- Saudis
- Sudanese Arabs
- Sudanese people
- Syrian people
- Syrians
- Tribes of Arabia
- Tunisian people
- Yemeni people
- Yemenis
Christianity and Islam
- Antemurale myth
- Ascension of Jesus
- Ashtiname of Muhammad
- Börklüce Mustafa
- Bahira
- Catholic Church and Islam
- Chrislam
- Christian community of Najran
- Christian influences on the Islamic world
- Christianity and Druze
- Christianity and Islam
- Christianity in the Ottoman Empire
- Church of San Buenaventura
- Event of the mubahala
- Feast of Saint George (Palestine)
- Gospel in Islam
- Gospel of Barnabas
- Hadith of Jesus praying behind Mahdi
- Hagarenes
- Holy War and Human Bondage
- House of One
- Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
- Institute for the Study of Islam and Christianity
- Islam and Mormonism
- Islamic influences on Western art
- Islamic view of the Bible
- Islamic view of the Trinity
- Islamic views on Jesus's death
- Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe
- Izhar ul-Haqq
- Jang e Muqaddas
- Kosovo Myth
- Masih (title)
- Medieval Christian views on Muhammad
- Muhammad and the Bible
- Muhammad's views on Christians
- On War Against the Turk
- Pact of Umar
- Paraclete
- People of the Book
- Protestantism and Islam
- Reception of Islam in early modern Europe
- Regensburg lecture
- Saracen
- Sun of Unclouded Righteousness
- The Elephant in the Dark (book)
- Tribute of 100 virgins
- Virgin birth of Jesus
- Waraqah ibn Nawfal
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saracen
Also known as Saracen Empire, Saracen attacks, Saracenic, Saracens, Sarcens, Sarracens.
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