| Consonants
|
| IPA |
Examples |
English approximations
|
| b
|
bach, cwbl, mab
|
be
|
| d
|
dydd, cadw, tad
|
do
|
| dʒ
|
joio, garej, diengyd (colloquial)
|
just
|
| ð
|
ddoe, deuddeg, bedd
|
wither
|
| f
|
ffenest, ei phen, cyffro, corff
|
find
|
| ɡ
|
glân, cegin, cig
|
get
|
| h
|
haul, gwahanol
|
have
|
| j
|
iaith, geiriadur
|
you
|
| k
|
cig, acw, ac
|
sky, cool
|
| l
|
leicio, Alban, bol
|
like
|
| ɬ
|
llaw, cyllell
|
No English equivalent; similar to the voiceless l in please but with considerably more friction
|
| m
|
mab, cymaint, dim
|
me
|
| m̥
|
fy mhen, ym Mhen-y-bont
|
me but whispered
|
| n
|
nerth, anadlu, gwyn
|
no
|
| n̥
|
fy nhad, yn Nhywyn
|
no, but whispered
|
| ŋ
|
fy ngwely, trengi, rhwng
|
thing
|
| ŋ̊
|
fy nghŵn, yng Nghymru
|
thing but whispered
|
| p
|
pen, copa, map
|
open
|
| r
|
radio, garw, dŵr
|
right but trilled
|
| r̥
|
rhestr, anrheg
|
right but trilled and whispered
|
| s
|
Saesnes, swsus
|
see
|
| ʃ
|
siarad, siop, brwsh
|
she
|
| t
|
tatws, at
|
stop
|
| tʃ
|
tsieini, wats
|
chance
|
| θ
|
thus, athro, peth
|
think
|
| v
|
faint, afal, arf
|
very
|
| w
|
wedyn, ei wraig, gwlân
|
was
|
| χ
|
chwaer, tuchan, bwlch
|
Scottish loch but further back
|
| |
| Vowels
|
| Monophthongs
|
| IPA
|
Examples
|
English approximations
|
| NW
|
SW
|
| a
|
sant, pàs
|
pasta
|
| aː
|
mab, sâl
|
pasta but longer
|
| ɛ
|
perth, mès
|
well
|
| eː
|
peth, trên
|
Scottish may
|
| ə
|
cymydog, rỳg
|
about
|
| ɪ
|
ɪ
|
tipyn, sgìl
|
it
|
| ɨ
|
punt, gwyn
|
roses
|
| iː
|
iː
|
hir, tîm
|
be
|
| ɨː
|
llun, bûm, rhy, tŷ
|
roses but longer
|
| ɔ
|
bron, glòs
|
off
|
| oː
|
bro, ôl
|
raw
|
| ʊ
|
cwm, mẁg
|
put
|
| uː
|
cwch, dŵr
|
pool
|
| Diphthongs
|
| ai
|
ai
|
tai
|
eye
|
| aɨ
|
cau, nesáu
|
pie
|
| aːɨ
|
hael, cae
|
Yael
|
| aːi
|
Cymraeg
|
| au
|
llaw
|
around
|
| ɛu
|
llew
|
Italian, Portuguese and Spanish Europa
|
| ɛi[1]
|
ɛi[1]
|
Seisnig
|
pain
|
| eɨ
|
gwneud
|
| əu
|
bywyd
|
Received Pronunciation toe
|
| ɪu
|
ɪu
|
lliw
|
Cockney till
|
| ɨu
|
Duw, menyw
|
| ɔi
|
ɔi
|
osgoi
|
boy
|
| ɔɨ
|
coeden
|
soil
|
| ʊɨ
|
ʊi
|
mwy, gŵyl
|
Louie
|
|