Sultan of Perak - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sultan of Perak
سلطان ڤيراق‎
State
Arms of His Royal Highness the Sultan of Perak
Incumbent
Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah, Sultan of Perak since 29 May 2014
Details
Style	His Royal Highness
Heir presumptive	Raja Jaafar
First monarch	Sultan Muzaffar Shah
Formation	1528; 497 years ago
Residence	Istana Iskandariah, Kuala Kangsar
Website	sultan.perak.gov.my

The Sultan of Perak (سلطان ڤيراق‎) is the constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysian state of Perak. It is one of the oldest hereditary seats among the Malay states. The current Sultan of Perak, Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah, has been in office since 29 May 2014.

When the Sultanate of Malacca empire fell to Portugal in 1511, Sultan Mahmud Shah retreated to Kampar, Sumatra, and died there in 1528. He left behind two princes, Alauddin Riayat Shah II and Muzaffar Shah. The former went on to establish the Sultanate of Johor. Muzaffar Shah was invited to rule Perak, and he became the first Sultan of Perak.

In contrast to the other Malay sultanates, the ruling dynasty of Perak utilises a somewhat complex order of succession.

The reigning sultan appoints princes in the male line of descent from a sultan to certain high princely titles. They are arranged in an order of precedence indicating the order of succession to the throne. As per ruling of 25 February 1953, the present hierarchy of titles and the corresponding order of succession is as follows:^[1]

1. Raja Muda (Crown Prince, currently Raja Jaafar)
2. Raja di-Hilir (Deputy Crown Prince, currently Raja Iskandar Dzulkarnain)
3. Raja Kecil Besar (currently Raja Azlan Muzzaffar Shah)
4. Raja Kecil Sulong (currently Raja Ahmad Nazim Azlan Shah)
5. Raja Kecil Tengah (currently Raja Iskandar)
6. Raja Kecil Bongsu (vacant)

While titleholders are usually appointed for life, titles may be revoked in cases of proven incompetence or disability. On the death or promotion of an existing titleholder, the holder of the next most senior title succeeds him. The Raja Muda is the heir apparent, and succeeds the ruling sultan on his death, whereupon the prince holding the title of Raja Di-Hilir becomes the new Raja Muda. The Raja Kechil Besar then becomes the Raja Di-Hilir. The new sultan may then appoint his own nominee to the junior-most title made vacant by these successions.^{[citation needed]}

The 2 most senior titleholders are confirmed by a majority vote of the representatives of the Perak State Legislative Assembly.

Sultans of Perak

No.	Name	Reign
1	Muzaffar Shah I	1528–1549
2	Mansur Shah I	1549–1577
3	Ahmad Tajuddin Shah	1577–1584
4	Tajul Ariffin Shah I	1584–1594
5	Alauddin Shah	1594–1603
6	Mukaddam Shah	1603–1619
7	Mansur Shah II	1619–1627
8	Mahmud Shah I	1627–1630
9	Salehuddin Shah	1630–1636

No.	Name	Reign
10	Muzaffar Shah II	1636–1653
11	Mahmud Iskandar Shah	1653–1720
12	Alauddin Mughayat Shah	1720–1728
13	Muzaffar Riayat Shah III (Ruled Upper Perak)	1728–1752
14	Muhammad Mughayat Shah (Ruled Lower Perak)	1744–1750
15	Iskandar Zulkarnain	1752–1765
16	Mahmud Shah II	1765–1773
17	Alauddin Mansur Shah Iskandar Muda	1773–1786
18	Ahmaddin Shah	1786–1806
19	Abdul Malik Mansur Shah	1806–1825
20	Abdullah Mu’azzam Shah	1825–1830
21	Shahabuddin Riayat Shah	1830–1851
22	Abdullah Muhammad Shah I	1851–1857
23	Ja’afar Safiuddin Mu’azzam Shah	1857–1865
24	Ali Al-Mukammal Inayat Shah	1865–1871
25	Ismail Mu’abidin Riayat Shah	1871–1874
26	Abdullah Muhammad Shah II	1874–1876
27	Yusuf Sharifuddin Muzaffar Shah	1886–1887 (regent 1877–1886)
28	Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah	1887–1916
29	Abdul Jalil Karamatullah Nasiruddin Mukhataram Shah	1916–1918
30	Iskandar Shah	1918–1938
31	Abdul Aziz Al-Mu'tasim Billah Shah	1938–1948
32	Yussuf Izzuddin Shah	1948–1963
33	Idris Al-Mutawakil Alallahi Shah	1963–1984
34	Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah	1984–2014
35	Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah	2014–present

The Perak royal regalia consists of items that are said to have been with the Perak Sultanate from its inception, some of which pre-dating the Malacca Sultanate. The regalia is mainly used during the installation ceremony of Sultan of Perak and few other royal ceremonies.^[2][3]

• Royal headress (Tanjak Di-Raja)
• Royal aigrette (Aigrette Di-Raja)
• Royal tiara
• Royal sword Cura Si Manja Kini (Pedang Cura Si Manja Kini)
• Royal blade Taming Sari (Keris Taming Sari)
• Royal blade Sari Gading (Keris Sari Gading)
• Mestika Embun – also known as 'Ball of Petrified Dew'. Given to Sultan Muzaffar Riayat Shah I on his installation as the first Sultan of Perak by Tok Temong, a local official.^[4]
• Mohor Kecil Cap Halilintar – seal made of silver that is placed behind the right ear of the sultan during the installation ceremony.
• Royal Musical Ensemble (Nobat)^[5]
• Pontoh – golden armlets worn by the sultan and his consort around both arms during the installation ceremony.
• Agok – golden pendant worn the queen consort during the installation ceremony.
• Dokoh – golden brooch worn by the queen consort during the installation ceremony.
• Royal seal (Mohor Raja)
• Royal coat of arms (Jata Di-Raja)
• Panji Di-Raja
• Royal umbrella (Payung Di-Raja)
• State umbrella (Payung Kerajaan Negeri)
• State spear (Lembing Kerajaan Negeri Perak)
• Kancing Halkah – decorative ornament worn around the neck of a tunic, believed to be a gift from the Emperor of China (presumably the Yongle Emperor) to Parameswara of Malacca.
• Sundang Keris Panjang
• Baur-Baur Orang Besar Negeri
• Kamar
• Rantai Bunga Nyiur
• Geluk
• Puan – Betel leaves container. Originally presented to Tok Temong by Sultan Muzaffar Riayat Shah I on his installation as the first Sultan of Perak but later returned to be royal regalia of Perak.
• Batil Emas

The following is the orders, decorations, and medals given by Sultan of Perak. When applicable, post-nominal letters and non-hereditary titles are indicated.^[6][7]

• The Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Perak (Darjah Kerabat Yang Amat Dihormati): founded by Sultan Yussuf Izzuddin Shah in 1957. Conferred on members of the Perak and foreign royal houses.
• The Most Esteemed Perak Royal Family Order of Sultan Azlan Shah (Darjah Kerabat Seri Paduka Sultan Azlan Shah Perak Yang Dihormati): founded by Sultan Azlan Shah in 2000. Conferred on members of the Perak and foreign royal houses.
• The Most Esteemed Azlanii Royal Family Order (Darjah Kerabat Azlanii Yang Dihormati) founded by Sultan Azlan Shah in 2010. Awarded in two classes :
  • First Class – Darjah Kerabat Azlanii
  • Second Class – Darjah Kerabat Azlanii II
• The Most Esteemed Perak Order of Sultan Azlan Shah (Darjah Kebesaran Seri Paduka Sultan Azlan Shah Perak Yang Amat Dimulia): founded by Sultan Azlan Shah in 2000. Conferred for distinguished services to the Sultan of Perak.
• The Most Esteemed Perak Order of Sultan Nazrin Shah (Darjah Kebesaran Seri Paduka Sultan Nazrin Shah Perak Yang Amat Dimulia): founded by Sultan Nazrin Shah.
• The Most Illustrious Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Paduka Cura Si Manja Kini): founded by Sultan Idris Iskandar Al-Mutawakkil Alallahi Shah II in 1969 and later 1989. Awarded in four classes:
  • Grand Knight or Dato'Seri – Darjah Dato' Seri Paduka Cura Si Manja Kini
  • Knight or Dato' – Darjah Dato' Paduka Cura Si Manja Kini
  • Commander or Ahli Paduka – Darjah Ahli Paduka Cura Si Manja Kini
  • Member or Ahli – Darjah Ahli Cura Si Manja Kini
• The Most Valliant Order of Taming Sari (Darjah Yang Amat Perkasa Taming Sari): founded by Sultan Idris Iskandar Al-Mutawakkil Alallahi Shah II in 1977. Awarded to military and police personnel in six classes :
  • Dato' Seri Panglima – Darjah Dato' Seri Panglima Taming Sari
  • Dato' Pahlawanan – Darjah Dato' Pahlawan Taming Sari
  • Ahli Perwira – Darjah Ahli Perwira Taming Sari
  • Ahli Hulubalang – Darjah Ahli Hulubalang Taming Sari
  • Ahli Kesatria – Darjah Ahli Kesatria Taming Sari
  • Ahli Perajurit – Darjah Ahli Perajurit Taming Sari
• The Most Illustrious Order of the Perak State Crown (Darjah Yang Amat Mulia Paduka Mahkota Perak): founded by Sultan Yussuf Izzuddin Shah in 1957. Awarded in four classes:
  • Knight Grand Commander or Dato' Seri – Darjah Dato' Seri Paduka Mahkota Perak
  • Knight Commander or Dato' – Darjah Dato' Paduka Mahkota Perak
  • Commander or Ahli Paduka – Darjah Ahli Paduka Mahkota Perak
  • Member or Ahli – Darjah Ahli Mahkota Perak
• The Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (Pingat Keberanian Handal): instituted by Sultan Yussuf Izzuddin Shah in 1951 as a reward for conspicuous gallantry and heroism. Awarded in a single class, originally a silver medal but now a four-pointed enamelled star. Bars may be awarded to signify subsequent acts of gallantry.
• The Distinguished Conduct Medal (Pingat Pekerti Terpilih): instituted by Sultan Yussuf Izzuddin Shah in 1951 to reward conspicuous bravery. Awarded in a single class, bronze medal. Bars may be awarded to signify subsequent acts of bravery.
• The Meritorious Service Medal (Pingat Jasa Kebaktian): instituted by Sultan Yussuf Izzuddin Shah in 1951 to reward meritorious public service in state employ. Awarded in a single class, bronze medal.
• The Long Service Medal (Pingat Lama Perkhidmatan): instituted by Sultan Idris Iskandar Al-Mutawakkil Alallahi Shah II in 1969 to reward long service in state employ of at least twenty-five years continuous duration. Awarded in a single class, bronze medal.

• Agnatic seniority
• Family tree of Malaysian monarchs
• Family tree of Perak monarchs
• Makam Al-Ghufran (Perak Royal Mausoleum)
• Monarchies of Malaysia
• Sultan of Johor

• Media related to Monarchs of Perak at Wikimedia Commons