Zhang was born in Fangcheng County, Henan, in January 1963.^[4] He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in April 1985, and entered the workforce in August of the same year.^[4] He worked for a long time in northwest China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in his early years.^[4]

After being transferred to Beijing, Zhang was deputy party secretary of Huairou County (now Huairou District) and subsequently governor of Huairou District in May 2002.^[4] He became governor of Shunyi District, in October 2006, and then party secretary, the top political position in the district, beginning in March 2009.^[4] He was appointed vice mayor of Beijing in January 2013, concurrently serving as deputy secretary of the Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the CCP Beijing Municipal Committee.^[4] He rose to secretary of the Political and Legal Affairs Commission in October 2015 and was admitted to standing committee member of the CCP Beijing Municipal Committee, the province's top authority.^[4] He was deputy party secretary of Beijing in November 2020, in addition to serving as president of the CCP Beijing Municipal Party School.^[4] In January 2022, he was chosen as vice chairperson of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress.^[5] In August 2022, he was proposed as president of the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions, succeeding Wei Xiaodong.^[6]

In January 2023, Zhang assumed the position of chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the regional advisory body.^[7]

^ 出席党的十八大代表名单（汇总）. ce.cn (in Chinese). 2012-05-11. Retrieved 2025-01-16.
^ 中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会代表名单. xinhuanet.com (in Chinese). 2017-09-29. Archived from the original on 2018-01-13. Retrieved 2025-01-16.
^ Xu Haizhi (徐海知) (2023-01-08). 中国人民政治协商会议第十四届全国委员会委员名单. xinhuanet.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2025-01-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h 张延昆任北京市委副书记(简历). ce.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2021-06-18. Retrieved 2025-01-16.
^ 张延昆、齐静当选北京市人大常委会副主任. ce.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2022-02-10. Retrieved 2025-01-16.
^ 北京市总工会十四届五次全委会召开-张延昆当选市总工会主席. workercn.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2022-08-30. Retrieved 2025-01-16.
^ 张延昆当选内蒙古自治区政协主席张磊、张佰成等4人新任副主席. ce.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2025-01-16.

Government offices
Preceded by Dai Jingzhu	Governor of Huairou District 2002–2006	Succeeded by Chi Weisheng
Preceded by Li Ping	Governor of Shunyi District 2006–2009	Succeeded by Liu Jian [zh]
Party political offices
Preceded by Xia Zhanyi	Communist Party Secretary of Shunyi District 2009–2013	Succeeded by Wang Gang [zh]
Preceded by Yang Xiaochao	Secretary of the Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party 2015–2020	Succeeded by Qi Jing [zh]
Preceded by Jing Junhai	Specifically-designated Deputy Communist Party Secretary of Beijing 2020–2022	Succeeded by Yin Yong
Civic offices
Preceded by Wei Xiaodong	President of the Beijing Federation of Trade Unions 2022–2023	Succeeded by Qi Jing [zh]
Assembly seats
Preceded by Li Xiuling [zh]	Chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 2023–present	Incumbent