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代 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 付 and 伐

Stroke order
5 strokes

代 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人戈心 (OIP), four-corner 23240, composition ⿰亻弋)

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 93, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 386
  • Dae Jaweon: page 197, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 113, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4EE3
simp. and trad.
 代

Wikipedia has articles on:

  • 代 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 代 (Cantonese)
  • 代 (Classical)
Historical forms of the character 代
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Transcribed ancient scripts

L36109

L36110

L36111

L36112

L36113

L20896

L20897

L20898

L20899

L20900

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Old Chinese
戴 *ʔl'ɯːɡs
襶 *tɯːɡs
貸 *l̥ʰɯːɡs
代 *l'ɯːɡs
袋 *l'ɯːɡs
岱 *l'ɯːɡs
黛 *l'ɯːɡs
玳 *l'ɯːɡs
帒 *l'ɯːɡs
甙 *l'ɯːɡs
酨 *l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs
試 *hljɯɡs
弒 *hljɯɡs
忒 *l̥ʰɯːɡ
貣 *l̥ʰɯːɡ, *l'ɯːɡ
鴏 *l'ɯːɡ
栻 *l̥ʰɯɡ, *hljɯɡ
侙 *l̥ʰɯɡ
恜 *l̥ʰɯɡ
式 *hljɯɡ
軾 *hljɯɡ
拭 *hljɯɡ
鉽 *hljɯɡ
烒 *hljɯɡ
弋 *lɯɡ
芅 *lɯɡ
黓 *lɯɡ
隿 *lɯɡ
杙 *lɯɡ
釴 *lɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 弋 (OC *lɯɡ)

state's name → toponym

Most of the people with this surname in Mainland China were originally with the surname 戴 (Dài) and was a result of second-round simplification of Chinese characters.

Note:

  • Sixian:
  • Hailu:

Note:

  • dô̤i - vernacular;
  • dâi - literary.

Note:

  • tē/tēr - vernacular;
  • tāi - literary;
  • tài - literary (limited, e.g. 交代).

Note:

  • do7 - vernacular ("generation / dynasty / period");
  • dai3 - literary (in 交代);
  • toi3 - semantic ("to act for/as").

Note:

  • tai5 - literary;
  • tai4 - colloquial.
    • Dialectal data
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 代
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		dài
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dojH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*lˁək-s/
    English replace

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 代
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14963
    Phonetic
    component         		弋
    Rime
    group         		代
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		代
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l'ɯːɡs/

    代

    1. to replace; to take the place of
    2. to act for; to do something on behalf of
    3. to act as; to be the acting (president etc.)
    4. generation; age group
    5. historical period; era
    6. date; age
    7. dynasty; line of rulers
    8. (geology) era (geochronologic unit)
    9. (grammar) Short for 代名詞／代名词 (dàimíngcí); short for 代詞／代词 (dàicí, “pronoun”).
    10. (historical geography) Short for 代國／代国 (Dàiguó, “state of Dai”).
    11. a surname
    • (generation): 世 (shì)

    Others:

    From 事 (OC *zrɯs).

    代

    1. (Southern Min) affair; matter
    For pronunciation and definitions of 代 – see 戴 (“to wear something on the head; to carry on the head; etc.”).
    (This character is the second-round simplified form of 戴).
    Notes:

    代

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    (Derived terms):

    Kanji in this term
    代
    しろ
    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi

    代(しろ) • (shiro) 

    1. (archaic) substitution
    2. (archaic) price, cost, charge
    3. (historical) shiro, a unit of land
    Kanji in this term
    代
    よ
    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 代 – see the following entry.
    (This term, 代, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
    Kanji in this term
    代
    だい
    Grade: 3
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese 代 (MC dojH).

    代(だい) • (dai) 

    1. price
    2. generation of a family
    3. reign of a royal
    4. decade
    5. era

    代(だい) • (-dai) 

    1. generation of a royal family
    2. era, age, decade

    代(だい) • (-dai) 

    1. charge, fare, rate, fee, price, rent
      服(ふく)代(だい)
      fuku-dai
      money spent on clothes; clothes money
      お菓子(かし)代(だい)
      o-kashi-dai
      snack money; snack fee
    2. (indicating years spanning a specific period) -ies, -hundreds
    • (period of time): 台
    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    From Middle Chinese 代 (MC dojH).

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɛ(ː)] ~ [te̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [대(ː)/데(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Wikisource

    代 (eumhun 대신할 대 (daesinhal dae))
    代 (eumhun 세대 대 (sedae dae))

    1. hanja form? of 대 (“to replace”) [prefix; affix]
    2. hanja form? of 대 (“generation”) [noun; suffix; affix]
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    代: Hán Việt readings: đại (度(đạc)耐(nại)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
    代: Nôm readings: đời[1][2][3][4][5], đãi[1][2][3], đại[1][2][5], dạy[1][2], dậy[1][2], rượi[3][4], đười[1], đợi[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of đại (“representative”).
    2. chữ Nôm form of đời (“life; world; generation; era”).