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深 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 探

Stroke order
11 strokes

深 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水月金木 (EBCD), four-corner 37194, composition ⿰氵罙)

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 632, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17687
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1034, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1662, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6DF1
trad. 深
simp. # 深
alternative forms 㴱
罙
𰜿
Old Chinese
探 *l̥ʰuːm, *l̥ʰuːms
棎 *ɦljom
賝 *l̥ʰum
琛 *l̥ʰum
穼 *srum
深 *hljum, *hljums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljum, *hljums): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 𥥍.

Unger (1995) that 深 (shēn) had Old Chinese initial *n- because of 淰 (shěn)'s phonetic component 念 (niàn).

Schuessler (2007) reconstructs 深 (OC *nhəm) & proposes relations to Mizo hniam (“to be low, to sink into (land)”), Burmese နိမ့် (nim., “low”), Tangkhul Naga [script needed] (kʰənim, “to be humble”), Tibetan ནེམས་ (nems, “sink a little, give way”), which Schuessler traces to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *nem (“low”), which STEDT in turn derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-n(i/u)(ː)p/m ~ *r/s-nyap/m (“pinch, squeeze; press, oppress; submerge, sink into, west, low, soft”). If so, 深 (OC *nhəm) is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan.

Schuessler also notices 深 (OC *nhəm)'s similarity to 沉 (OC *d-ləm), which he considers to be an areal etymon.

Possibly cognate with 探 (tàn) and 揇 (nǎn) (however, see there).

深 (OC *nhəms), "depth" (in Rites of Zhou) & whence MC ɕiɪmH, is nominal derivation with suffix *-s (> departing tone).

淰 (OC *nhəmʔ), "be startled and flee (of fish); i.e. to sink into the deep" (in Liji) & whence Mandarin shěn, is endoactive derivative with *-ʔ (> rising tone).

Note:

  • chhim - vernacular;
  • sim - literary.

Note:

  • cim1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • cing1 - Chenghai.
  • Dialectal data
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 深 深
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shēn shēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syim › ‹ syimH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l̥][ə]m/ /*[l̥][ə]m-s/
English deep depth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 深 深
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11255 11256
Phonetic
component 		罙 罙
Rime
group 		侵 侵
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		深 深
Old
Chinese 		/*hljum/ /*hljums/

深

  1. (of distance) deep
    Antonym: 淺 / 浅
  2. depth; deepness
  3. (of relationships, etc.) deep; profound
  4. (of difficulty) great; profound; obtuse; obscure
    呢一題好深。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢一题好深。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 jat1 tai4 hou2 sam1. [Jyutping]
    This question is really hard to solve.
    本書太深喇，我讀極都唔明。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    本书太深喇，我读极都唔明。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    bun2 syu1 taai3 sam1 laa3, ngo5 duk6 gik6 dou1 m4 ming4. [Jyutping]
    This book is too hard; I still can't get it after reading it many times.
  5. (of time) long
  6. (of colors) deep; dark
    Synonym: 濃 / 浓 (nóng)
    Antonyms: 淺 / 浅, 淡
  7. very; extremely
    Synonym: 非常 (fēicháng)

深

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. deep, close, thick, profound

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Wikisource

深 (eumhun 깊을 심 (gipeul sim))

  1. hanja form? of 심 (“deep”)

深: Hán Nôm readings: thâm, thăm, thum, thẫm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.