青 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 靑

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

青 (Kangxi radical 174, 靑+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一月 (QMB), four-corner 5022₇, composition ⿱龶月)

• Appendix:Chinese radical/靑
• 倩, 凊, 啨, 埥, 婧, 崝, 情, 掅, 清, 猜, 晴, 𤲟, 腈, 棈, 𭴼, 睛, 碃, 精, 綪(𬘬), 蜻, 請(请), 錆(锖), 郬, 寈, 菁, 箐, 圊

• 靑 (Orthodox form in Kangxi dictionary, preferred form in Korean hanja)

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1381, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42564
• Dae Jaweon: page 1893, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4046, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9752

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 生 (“growth of plants”) + 丹 (“cinnabar”); a more conservative variant is 𤯞. Cinnabar was used for dyeing, and by extension, came to imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.

In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to 龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated 月 (yuè, “moon”).

The second-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.

trad.	青/靑
simp.	青
2nd round simp.	𰀈
alternative forms	寈 㞭 𡗡 𡴏 𡴑 寈 㞭 𡗡 𡴏 𡴑 𡷉 𤯝 𤯞

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “green; blue”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”). Note 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ) may be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).

青

1. blue-green; blue (of sky, stone etc.); green (of grass, plants, mountain etc.)

   青天  ―  qīngtiān  ―  blue sky

   青筋  ―  qīngjīn  ―  blue veins

   青草  ―  qīngcǎo  ―  green grass

   青山綠水／青山绿水  ―  qīngshānlǜshuǐ  ―  green hills and rivers

2. blue-green ("grue")-colored items
   1. green grass

      踏青  ―  tàqīng  ―  to go on an outing to the countryside during spring

   2. crops that have not yet ripened

      青黃不接／青黄不接  ―  qīnghuángbùjiē  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. black (of hair, cloth, silk thread etc.)

   青絲／青丝  ―  qīngsī  ―  black hair

4. (Southern Min) green

   青紅燈／青红灯 [Hokkien]  ―  chheⁿ-âng-teng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  traffic light

5. (Hong Kong) lime green

   青BB [Cantonese]  ―  ceng¹ bi¹ bi¹ [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

6. young; adolescent

   青年  ―  qīngnián  ―  youth; adolescence

   青春  ―  qīngchūn  ―  youth

7. Short for 青年 (qīngnián).

   老中青  ―  lǎozhōngqīng  ―  the old, the middle-aged and the young

   知青  ―  zhīqīng  ―  zhiqing, ""educated youth"

   覺青／觉青  ―  juéqīng  ―  "politically-awakened youth"

8. (literary, obsolete) east
9. (literary, obsolete) spring
10. Short for 青海 (Qīnghǎi, “Qinghai Province”).

    青藏鐵路／青藏铁路  ―  Qīng Zàng tiělù  ―  Qinghai-Tibet Railway

11. a surname

The meaning for “blue” and “black” is more commonly used in Classical Chinese, while in modern Chinese, the meaning for “green” is more common. In fact, 青 covered both green and blue ("grue") until modern times. For example, 青山綠水 / 青山绿水 (qīngshānlǜshuǐ, “hill or water green in color”), 青蘋果 / 青苹果 (qīng píngguǒ, “green apple”). However, there are still some expressions for the meaning of blue, e.g. 青天 (qīngtiān, “blue sky”), 青出於藍 / 青出于蓝 (qīngchūyúlán, “blue comes from indigo; someone performing better than their teacher”)

In Cantonese, the use of 青 to mean “black” is still used in circumstances where 黑 (hak¹) would be considered inauspicious, as it is a near-homophone of 乞 (hat¹, “beggar”). For example, 黑衣 (hak¹ ji¹) used to describe clothing would be a near-homophone of both beggar and a beggar's garment.

• 藍／蓝 (lán)
• 蒼／苍 (cāng)
• 紺／绀 (gàn)
• 碧 (bì)

Others:

• → Tocharian A: tseṃ (“blue”)
• → Tocharian B: tseṃ m (“blue”), tseñña f
• → Vietnamese: xanh (“green”)

青

1. Alternative form of 菁 (jīng)

   Used in 青青 (qīngqīng).

trad.	青
simp. #	青

青

1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鮮 / 鲜 (chhiⁿ)
   1. fresh

      • 我欲尚青的現撈仔 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
        我欲尚青的现捞仔 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

        From: 2014, 浩角翔起 (lyricist 浩子), 媽媽的菜

        góa beh siōng chhiⁿ ê hiān-lâu-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

        I want the freshest catch

      • 吃遍了山珍海味　寶島上青 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
        吃遍了山珍海味　宝岛上青 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

        From: 2017, 蔡佳麟 (lyricist 郭之儀), 人情味

        Chia̍h phiàn liáu san-tin-hái-bī, Pó-tó siōng chhiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

        After eating all kinds of delicacies, Formosa's are the freshest

   2. (of clothes) bright; pretty; neat

      • 洋裝青青　歡喜要來去約會 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
        洋装青青　欢喜要来去约会 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

        From: 1991, 羅時豐 and 李芳雯 (lyricist 李子恆), 西北雨請你慢且落

        iûⁿ-chong chhiⁿ-chhiⁿ, hoaⁿ-hí beh lâi-khì iok-hōe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

        With a pretty suit, happy to go to a date

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04499
• “青”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “青”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

青

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

1. blue, cyan, azure
2. (obsolete, poetic) green
3. immature, unripe, young
4. publication, record
5. east

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō ^†)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Sō-on: しい (shii)
• Kun: あお (ao, 青, Jōyō)^{←あを (awo, 青, historical)}、あおい (aoi, 青い, Jōyō)^{←あをい (awoi, 青い, historical)}、さお (sao, 青)^{←さを (sawo, 青, historical)}
• Nanori: お (o)、きよ (kiyo)、はる (haru)

Kanji in this term
青
あお Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
靑 (kyūjitai)

/sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.^[1]

Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨(あめ) (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲(いね) (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).

Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix ㅅ (-s-) used to mark possession; compare German -s-.

• (Tokyo) あお [áꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3][2]
• IPA^(key): [a̠o̞]

• (Kyoto) あお [àó] (Teiki – [0])^[2]

• (Kyoto) あお​ぉ [àô] (Teiki)^[4][2]

青(あお) • (ao) ^{←あを (awo)?}

1. blue
   1. one of three primary colors
   2. a shade of blue to blue green
2. (dated) green

   青(あお)林(りん)檎(ご) ― ao ringo ― green apple

3. Short for 青信号 (aoshingō): green light (traffic light color, as the color of plants)

   Antonym: 赤 (aka)

4. the black, bluish color of a horse's hair; also, such a horse

   Synonym: 青毛 (aoge)

   • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 39:

     ^[5]

     Auo. アヲ (青) 馬の毛色で, 全体に黒くて青みがあり, 両耳の内側に多少白いところのあるもの. この部分の毛も他の部分と同じようにすっかり黒い時には, Curo(黒)と呼ばれる.

5. (card games) Short for 青短 (aotan): one of the three hanafuda cards bearing a blue 短冊 (tanzaku, “narrow card used for poetry”); a 役 (yaku) of the three aotan cards, worth 3 points
6. (card games) a blue card in 天正カルタ (Tenshō karuta)
7. Short for 青本 (aohon, “a blue-green covered book containing summaries of plays, histories, and legends”).
8. Short for 青銭 (aosen, “a 4 mon coin in circulation from 1768”).

Colors in Japanese · 色(いろ)(iro)(layout · text)

白(しろ) (shiro)	灰(はい)色(いろ) (haiiro), 鼠(ねずみ)色(いろ) (nezumiiro) (dated)	黒(くろ) (kuro)
赤(あか) (aka); 深(しん)紅(く) (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅(べに)色(いろ) (beniiro), 紅(くれない)色(いろ) (kurenaiiro), 茜(あかね)色(いろ) (akaneiro)	橙(だいだい)色(いろ) (daidaiiro), オレンジ (orenji); 茶(ちゃ)色(いろ) (chairo), 褐(かっ)色(しょく) (kasshoku)	黄(き)色(いろ) (kiiro); クリーム色(いろ) (kurīmuiro)
黄(き)緑(みどり) (kimidori)	緑(みどり) (midori), 青(あお) (ao) (dated)	若(わか)緑(みどり) (wakamidori)
水(みず)色(いろ) (mizuiro), シアン (shian); 鴨(かも)の(の)羽(はね)色(いろ) (kamo no hane iro)	空(そら)色(いろ) (sorairo), 縹(はなだ) (hanada); 青(あお) (ao)	紺(こん)藍(あい) (kon'ai); 紺(こん) (kon)
菫(すみれ)色(いろ) (sumireiro); 藍(あい)色(いろ) (aiiro), インジゴ (injigo)	赤(あか)紫(むらさき) (akamurasaki), マゼンタ (mazenta); 紫(むらさき) (murasaki)	桃(もも)色(いろ) (momoiro), ピンク (pinku)

青(あお) • (ao-) ^{←あを (awo-)?}

1. unripe, young

青(あお) • (Ao) ^{←あを (Awo)?}

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Kanji in this term
青
せい Grade: 1
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
靑 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 青 (MC tsheng).

• IPA^(key): [se̞ː]

青(せい) • (sei) 

1. the color blue

青(せい) • (Sei) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Kanji in this term
青
しい Grade: 1
sōon

Alternative spellings
靑 (kyūjitai) 𤯝 眚

Unknown. The reading might be an obscure term from Old Japanese or dialect. The use of the character 青 arises from its 宋音(そうおん) (sōon, “Song-dynasty pronunciation”).^[6]

• IPA^(key): [ɕiː]

青(しい) • (shii) 

1. (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a weasel, and is said to have lived in present-day Fukuoka and Yamaguchi prefectures
2. (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a wolf, and is said to have appeared around Mount Yoshino

青 (eumhun 푸를 청 (pureul cheong))

1. Alternative form of 靑 (“blue; green”)

• Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 42. [3]

青: Hán Việt readings: thanh
青: Nôm readings: thanh, thênh, xanh

1. green
2. blue

• Nom Foundation