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魚 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 鱼, 漁, and 鱻

Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
11 strokes
Stroke order

魚 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓田火 (NWF), four-corner 27336, composition ⿳⺈田灬)

  1. Kangxi radical #195, ⿂.

Additional Derived Characters

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1465, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45956
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1998, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4674, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B5A
trad. 魚
simp. 鱼
alternative forms 𤉯
𤋳
𩵋
𮫬

Wikipedia has articles on:

Old Chinese
蘇 *sŋaː
穌 *sŋaː
魚 *ŋa
漁 *ŋa
䱷 *ŋa

Pictogram (象形) – a fish. A conservative variant is 𤋳.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja. Cognate with 漁 (OC *ŋa, “to fish”).

Note: ngui3-4* - standalone word for "fish".

Note:

  • hy2 - vernacular;
  • gy2 - literary.

Note:

  • hî/hû/hîr - vernacular;
  • gû/gîr/gî - literary.

Note:

  • he5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
  • hu5 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: hu5 / yi5
      • Sinological IPA: /hu²²/, /zi²²/

Note:

  • hu5 - vernacular;
  • yi5 - literary.

Note:

  • ng - colloquial;
  • yu - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 魚
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r.ŋ]a/
English fish (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 魚
Reading # 1/1
No. 15939
Phonetic
component 		魚
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		魚
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋa/

魚

  1. fish (Classifier: 條／条 m c h j mb x; 尾 m h mn mn-t; 隻／只 g mn x; 頭／头 mb md; 梗 w)
  2. Used in names of aquatic animals.
    甲魚／甲鱼  ―  jiǎyú  ―  softshell turtle
    鮑魚／鲍鱼  ―  bàoyú  ―  abalone
    鱷魚／鳄鱼  ―  èyú  ―  crocodilian; crocodile and alligator in general
    墨斗魚／墨斗鱼  ―  mòdǒuyú  ―  cuttlefish
    文昌魚／文昌鱼  ―  wénchāngyú  ―  lancelet
  3. fish (as a food)
  4. (～日) (telegraphy) the sixth day of a month
  5. Ancient form of 漁 / 渔 (yú)
  6. Ancient form of 吾 (OC *ŋaː).
  7. a surname

Dialectal synonyms of 魚 (“fish”) [map]

Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 魚
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 魚
Taiwan 魚
Singapore 魚
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 魚
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 魚
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 魚
Wanrong 魚
Xi'an 魚
Xining 魚兒, 魚娃兒
Xuzhou 魚
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 魚
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 魚
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 魚
Lanzhou 魚兒
Ürümqi 魚
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 魚, 擺尾子
Wuhan 魚
Guiyang 魚
Guilin 魚
Liuzhou 魚
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 魚
Yangzhou 魚
Hefei 魚
Cantonese Guangzhou 魚
Hong Kong 魚
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 魚
Macau 魚
Guangzhou (Panyu) 魚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 魚
Guangzhou (Conghua) 魚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 魚
Foshan 魚
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 魚
Foshan (Shunde) 魚
Foshan (Sanshui) 魚
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 魚
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 魚
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 魚
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 魚
Zhuhai (Doumen) 魚
Jiangmen (Baisha) 魚
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 魚
Taishan 魚
Kaiping (Chikan) 魚
Enping (Niujiang) 魚
Heshan (Yayao) 魚
Dongguan 魚
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 魚
Yangjiang 魚
Singapore (Guangfu) 魚
Gan Nanchang 魚
Lichuan 魚
Pingxiang 魚仔, 魚
Hakka Meixian 魚仔, 魚
Dabu (Xihe) 魚仔
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 魚
Dongguan (Qingxi) 魚
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 魚
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 魚
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 魚
Wuhua (Huacheng) 魚哩
Wuhua (Changbu) 魚哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 魚哩
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 魚
Jiexi 魚
Luhe 魚
Changting 魚
Longyan (Yongding) 魚
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) 魚
Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) 魚
Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) 魚
Wuping (Zhongshan) 魚
Liancheng (Peitian) 魚
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 魚
Yudu 魚子, 魚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 魚仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 魚仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 魚仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 魚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 魚仔, 魚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 魚
Chengdu (Longtan) 魚子
Chengdu (Shiling) 魚子
Chengdu (Longwang) 魚子
Chengdu (Shibantan) 魚子
Weiyuan (Guanyingtan) 魚子
Yilong (Ma'an) 魚
Xichang (Huanglianguan) 魚子
Sabah (Longchuan) 魚
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 魚
Bangkok (Meixian) 魚仔
Bangkok (Fengshun) 魚
Huizhou Jixi 魚
Jin Taiyuan 魚
Xinzhou 魚兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 魚
Eastern Min Fuzhou 魚
Southern Min Xiamen 魚
Quanzhou 魚
Jinjiang 魚
Shishi 魚
New Taipei (Tamsui) 魚
New Taipei (Pingxi) 魚
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 魚
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 魚
Yilan (Toucheng) 魚
Tainan 魚
Tainan (Anping) 魚
Penghu (Xiyu) 魚
Singapore (Hokkien) 魚
Manila (Hokkien) 魚
Chaozhou 魚
Singapore (Teochew) 魚
Leizhou 魚
Haikou 魚
Singapore (Hainanese) 魚
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 魚
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 魚
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 魚
Wu Shanghai 魚, 啊魚
Shanghai (Chongming) 魚
Suzhou 魚
Danyang 魚
Hangzhou 魚
Wenzhou 魚
Xiang Changsha 魚
Shuangfeng 魚

魚

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Kanji in this term
魚
さかな
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 魚 – see the following entry.
【さかな】
[noun] 魚: [from the 1600s] a fish
(This term, 魚, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
魚 (uo): a fish
Kanji in this term
魚
うお
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

/uwo/ → /uo/

From Old Japanese.[1][2]

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *uwo.

Dialectal data

Modern dialectal data

Note: The information are extracted per se, in a broad IPA transcription by the author. There may be inaccuracies in the data. For Hachijō and Ryukyuan data, see their corresponding entries.

/ɯ̈/ is a described as a "central vowel", but the precise transcription is unclear.

Data source (unless missing): Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院)


Other dialectal data

Kagoshima (1987) iu, Gifu (Hida) iuo, Toyama (1959), Fukui, Fukui (Ōban), Minami-Ise, Kishū, Wakayama, Tottori, Shimane, Hiroshima, Tokushima, Tosa, Shimabara (1953), Ōita, Ōsumi, Kagoshima (1987) io, Fukushima, Saitama (1989), Izu Ōshima, Hachijō, Shima, Kagoshima (1987) iyo, Sanuki, Setouchi, Tsushima, Kumamoto (1942), Kagoshima (1987) iwo, Sanuki ugo, Ishikawa, Tottori eo, Fukushima oyo, Fukui (Ōban), Shizuoka, Shima, Minami Ise, Yamato, Wakayama, Tottori, Shimane, Sanuki, Iyo yuo, Shizuoka yuō, Akita, Izu Ōshima, Hachijō yo, Yamgata yoi, Saitama, Tokyo, Fukui, Shizuoka, Tottori, Shimane yō, Iwate yoko.[2]

魚(うお) • (uo) ←うを (uwo)?

  1. a fish

Derived terms

Kanji in this term
魚
いお
Grade: 2
irregular

/uwo/ → /iwo/ → /io/

Alteration of older uo, appearing from roughly the Heian period. Alternatively this might be the usage of an apophonic form *iwo; compare Proto-Ryukyuan *iwo.

Still used today in some dialects.[6]

魚(いお) • (io) ←いを (iwo)?

  1. (archaic or dialectal) a fish
Kanji in this term
魚
ぎょ
Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ngjo).

魚(ぎょ) • (gyo) ←ぎよ (gyo)?

  1. a fish
  2. Short for 魚鱗 (gyorin): fish scales

魚(ぎょ) • (gyo) ←ぎよ (gyo)?

  1. fish
  2. fishlike
  1. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 139
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “うお［うを］ 【魚】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ “いお［いを］ 【魚】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ngjo).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅌᅥᆼ (Yale: ngè)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[4] 고기〮 (Yale: kwòkí) 어 (Yale: è)

Wikisource

魚 (eumhun 물고기 어 (mulgogi eo))

  1. hanja form? of 어 (“fish”) [affix]

Compounds

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]

魚

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

/ʔiu/ → /ʔiːu/ → /ʔiju/

Shift from iu below.

魚(いゆ) (iyu) 

  1. a fish

    魚(いゆ)取(とぅ)いが行(い)ちゅん。

    Iyu tuiga ichun.
    I will go catch a fish.

From Proto-Ryukyuan *io, from Proto-Japonic *iwo, apophonic form of *uwo. Cognate with Old Japanese 魚 (uwo).

Compare modern dialectal mainland Japanese 魚 (io), first appearing in print and becoming common from the Heian period, but likely extant earlier.

魚(いう) (iu) 

  1. a fish

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

魚 (uwo) (kana うを)

  1. a fish
  • Japanese: 魚 (uo, io)

Cognate with 肴 (na, “side dish”),[1][2][3] by extension that can refer to any kind of meat.

魚 (na) (kana な)

  1. a fish, especially when used as food
    • , text here

      多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯 伊志遠多礼美吉

      tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi-ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare mi1ki1
      Who saw the rock that rose up against us as we tried to catch the fish [or “catching sweetfishes”] belonging to the empress?
  • Japanese: 魚 (sakana)
  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

魚: Hán Việt readings: ngư (語(ngữ)居(cư)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
魚: Nôm readings: ngơ[1][2][3][4], ngư[1][2][3], ngớ[1][4], ngừ[3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngư (“(only in compounds) fish”).

魚

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

魚(いゆ) (iyu) 

  1. fish

魚

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

魚(っゆー) (yyū) 

  1. fish