이 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

이익읶읷인읹읺 읻일읽읾읿잀잁 잂잃임입잆잇있 잉잊잋잌잍잎잏
의 ←	→ 자

이 (’i)

1. the locative particle: in; at

• IPA^(key): /i/

Sino-Korean word from 二. Cognate with Korean 이 (i).

이 (i)

1. two

Cognate with Korean 이 (i).

이 (i)

1. this

• 그 (geu, “that”)
• 저 (jeo, “that (distal)”)

• “이” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.

From Middle Korean 이〮 (í, “this”), from Old Korean 是, 利 (*i, “this”) (which today should correspond to 伊)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	i
McCune–Reischauer?	i
Yale Romanization?	i

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

이 • (i)

1. this (proximal determiner)

   Synonym: 요 (yo, “this”, diminutive)

   Coordinate terms: 그 (geu, “that”, mesial), 저 (jeo, “that”, distal)

   이 그림을 본 적이 있다.

   I geurim-eul bon jeog-i itda.

   I have seen this picture.

이 • (i)

1. (literary, formal or dialectal) this, this thing, this person

   Synonyms: 이것 (igeot, “this thing”), 이거 (igeo, “this thing”, colloquial), 얘 (yae, “this person”, colloquial)

   Coordinate terms: 그 (geu, “that”, mesial), 저 (jeo, “that”, distal)

   이 뭣고? (Zen Buddhist koan, Gyeongsang dialect) ― i mwotgo? ― What is this?

   대한민국 시민으로서 이는 납득할 수 없습니다.

   Daehanmin'guk simin-euroseo i-neun napdeukhal su eopseumnida.

   As a citizen of the Republic of Korea, this is not something I can accept.

2. (dialectal) here

   Synonym: 여기 (yeogi)

In spoken Korean, the word is used only as a determiner. To say "this person", "this thing", etc., a noun must be present: 이 사람 (i saram, “this person”), 이 것 (i geot, “this thing”), etc.

Sino-Korean word from 二, from the Middle Korean reading ᅀᅵ〯 (Yale: zǐ), from Middle Chinese 二 (MC nyijH).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	i
McCune–Reischauer?	i
Yale Romanization?	ī

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

Korean numbers ^(edit)

	20
←  1	2	3  →
Native isol.: 둘 (dul)     Native attr.: 두 (du)     Sino-Korean: 이 (i)     Hanja: 二     Ordinal: 둘째 (duljjae)

이 • (i) (hanja 二)

1. two

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

• 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
• 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

• 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
• 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
• 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

• 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

• 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
• 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

• 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
• 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

• See the hanja entry at 二 for Sino-Korean compounds of 이 (二, i).

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 니〮 (Yale: ní). Compounds still retain the original form.

In isolation or as the initial element of a compound:

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	i
McCune–Reischauer?	i
Yale Romanization?	i

As the non-initial element of a compound:

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ni]
• Phonetic hangul: [니]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ni
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ni
McCune–Reischauer?	ni
Yale Romanization?	ni

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

이 • (i)

1. tooth, teeth (chiefly of a human)

   Synonyms: 이빨 (ippal, “tooth”, of an animal or colloquially of a human), 치아(齒牙) (“tooth”, formal, academic)

   이가 아프다

   i-ga apeuda

   for the teeth to hurt; to have a toothache

   이 없으면 잇몸으로 산다. (proverb)

   I eops-eumyeon inmom-euro sanda.

   With no teeth, I'd live with my gum.

2. the teeth of a saw or a similar jagged surface

   이 빠진 컵

   i ppajin keop

   a chipped cup

3. (rare) mechanical joint

   Synonym: 이음 (ieum)

• In South Korea, the compounded form is written 니 (ni) to reflect the actual pronunciation. In North Korea, it is written 이 (i) for consistency. The pronunciation is the same in both countries except if spelling pronunciation interferes for some North Koreans.

• 니 (ni, as the second element of a compound, in South Korean orthography)

• 齒 (chi, “tooth”), the hanja used in many teeth-related words

From Middle Korean 이〮 (í, “person”).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	i
McCune–Reischauer?	i
Yale Romanization?	i

이 • (i)

1. (formal, literary or dated) person, man (in the gender-neutral sense)

   말하는 이 없이 고요하다.

   Malha-neun i eopsi goyohada.

   It is quiet, with no man to talk.

   저기 가는 이가 누구요?

   jeogi ganeun i-ga nugu-yo?

   Who is that man passing yonder?

   Synonyms: 사람 (saram), 자 (ja), 분 (bun, polite)

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 니〮 (Yale: ní). Compounds still retain the original form.

In isolation or as the initial element of a compound:

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	i
McCune–Reischauer?	i
Yale Romanization?	i

As the non-initial element of a compound:

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ni]
• Phonetic hangul: [니]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ni
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ni
McCune–Reischauer?	ni
Yale Romanization?	ni

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

이 • (i)

1. louse (tiny bloodsucking insect)

• In South Korea, the compounded form is written 니 (ni) to reflect the actual pronunciation. In North Korea, it is written 이 (i) for consistency. The pronunciation is the same in both countries except if spelling pronunciation interferes for some North Koreans.

• 니 (ni) — as the second element of a compound, in South Korean orthography

Sino-Korean word from 李, Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Lǐ) and 니〯 (Nǐ).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	I
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	I
McCune–Reischauer?	I
Yale Romanization?	ī

South Korean Standard Language	이(李) (i)
North Korean Standard Language	리(李) (ri)

이 • (I) (hanja 李)

1. a surname, the second most common Korean surname, used by roughly 7.3 million people in South Korea as of 2015

• 98.5% of South Koreans with this surname romanize it as "Lee".^[1] North Koreans tend to romanize it as "Ri".

Sino-Korean word from 理, from the Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Yale: lǐ), from Middle Chinese 理 (MC liX).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	i
McCune–Reischauer?	i
Yale Romanization?	ī

South Korean Standard Language	이/리(理) (i/ri)
North Korean Standard Language	리(理) (ri)

이 • (i) (hanja 理)

1. (East Asian philosophy, especially Confucianism) li, the underlying ordering principle of the cosmos

   Coordinate term: 기(氣) (gi, vital force engendering the cosmos)

• In the case of this specific word, the 리 (ri) pronunciation is common even in South Korea. The reason may be to avoid homophony with other Chinese characters, given the context of East Asian philosophy where single-character Chinese terms are common.

• See the hanja entry at 理 for Sino-Korean compounds of 이 (理, i).

Sino-Korean word from 利, from Middle Chinese 利 (MC lijH, “profit”).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	i
McCune–Reischauer?	i
Yale Romanization?	ī

South Korean Standard Language	이(利) (i)
North Korean Standard Language	리(利) (ri)

이 • (i) (hanja 利)

1. (possibly dated) profit, benefit

   Synonyms: 이득(利得), 이익(利益)

   • 1996, Kim Jong-pil, “ko:[각계 주요인사 신년사] 김종필 <자민련 총재>”, in Han'guk gyeongje:

     국민에게 이가 되는 일을 성심으로 챙기는 무실역행의 정치를 해야합니다.

     Gungmin-ege i-ga doeneun ir-eul seongsim-euro chaenggineun musiryeokhaeng-ui jeongchi-reul hae-yahamnida.

     We must carry out a politics of striving for practical benefits, earnestly embarking on enterprises which will provide benefit for the people.

2. (rare, dated) interest

   Synonyms: 변리(邊利), 이자(利子)

• 이롭다 (iropda, “to be beneficial”)
• See the hanja entry at 利 for Sino-Korean compounds of 이 (利, i).

Borrowed from English e.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	i
McCune–Reischauer?	i
Yale Romanization?	i

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

이 • (i)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

   (mathematics) In particular, the Korean reading of the number that is the base of natural logarithms (approximately 2.718281828459), written e.

• Latin script letter names: 에이 (ei) · 비 (bi) · 씨 (ssi) · 디 (di) · 이 (i) · 에프 (epeu) · 쥐 (jwi) · 에이치 (eichi) · 아이 (ai) · 제이 (jei) · 케이 (kei) · 엘 (el) · 엠 (em) · 엔 (en) · 오 (o) · 피 (pi) · 큐 (kyu) · 알 (al) · 에스 (eseu) · 티 (ti) · 유 (yu) · 브이 (beu'i) · 더블유 (deobeuryu) · 엑스 (ekseu) · 와이 (wai) · 제드 (jedeu)/지 (ji) ^[edit]

Sino-Korean word from 釐

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	i
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	i
McCune–Reischauer?	i
Yale Romanization?	i

이 • (i) (hanja 釐)

1. (rare, archaic) one-hundredth, 10⁻²

이 • (I) (hanja 伊)

1. Alternative form of 伊 (I, “Italy (in news headlines)”)

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

이 • (i)

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. As the non-initial element of a compound, they are read as 리 (ri).

After a language reform in North Korea in the mid-twentieth century intended to make Sino-Korean readings uniform, they are always read as 리 (ri) in all environments.

이 • (i)

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. As the non-initial element of a compound, they are read as 니 (ni).

After a language reform in North Korea in the mid-twentieth century intended to make Sino-Korean readings uniform, they are always read as 니 (ni)in all environments.

이 • (i)