-em - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
- -hna (Gheg)
Related to më, mu, mua (“me”) and im (“my, mine”). -em is the Tosk and Standard Albanian variant of the Gheg personal suffix -na (“I, me”). The suffix -em (“I, me”) indicates the 1st person singular, mediopassive, present (same as Gheg -na). Used the same way as Greek verb suffix "-μαι/-mai" (also 1st pers., sg., mediopassive, indicative, present).
-em
- (personal suffix) used to form the 1st person singular present tense of verbs in mediopassive voice (indicative mood).
- Forms verbs in mediopassive voice from active voice
- active bëj (“I do, make, appear”) + h (mediopassive marker) + -em → mediopassive bëhem (“I become, turn into”)
- active zbeh (“I make white(er), pale(er)”) + -em → mediopassive zbehem (“I'm getting pale(er), white(er)”)
- Forms mediopassive verbs from adjectives
- adjective shkurt (“short”) + o-steem + h (mediopassive marker) + -em → mediopassive verb shkurtohem (“I become shorter”)
| mediopassive personal suffixes (1st person singular) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | subjunctive | conditional | optative | admirative | |
| (dëftore) | (lidhore) | (kushtore) | (dëshirore) | (habitore) | |
| present | -em | (të) -em | (do të) -esha | (u) -sha / -fsha | (u) -am |
| continuous present | (po) -em | (po të) -em | (po do të) -esha | (po u) -am | |
| imperfect | -esha | (të) -esha | (u) -ësha | ||
| continuous imperfect | (po) -esha | (po të) -esha | (po u) -ësha | ||
| aorist | (u) -a / (u) -va | - | - | - | - |
| perfect | j-am (+ participle) | (të) j-em (+ participle) | qof-sha (+ participle) | qenk-am (+ participle) | |
| past perfect I | isha (+ participle) | (të) isha (+ participle) | (do të) isha (+ participle) | qenk-ësha (+ participle) | |
| past perfect II (aorist II) | q-eshë (+ participle) | ||||
| future I | k-am (për t'u + participle) | (do të) -em | |||
| future perfect | k-am (për të qenë + participle) | (do të) j-em (+ participle) |
-em
- Indicates a transitive verb
The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is a, e, or o (or a diphthong ending in one of those), then the suffix is -em. Otherwise, use -im or -um.
-em
- (added to possessive nouns) our (exclusive)
-em
- Romanization of -𐌄𐌌
From Middle High German -em, -eme, from Proto-West Germanic *-umē.
-em
- masculine and neuter dative suffix, used in most determiners/pronouns and in strong adjectives
Through reduction of the unstressed syllable.
- IPA(key): /əm/, /ɛm/
- Most or all places are locally pronounced with /əm/, but /ɛm/ is not rarely heard from outsiders.
-em
- Alternative form of -heim (placename suffix)
Ultimately a backformation from Ancient Greek φώνημα (phṓnēma), whence German Phonem.
-em n
-em
- (personal suffix, indefinite conjugation) Forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ik verbs.
- (personal suffix, definite conjugation) Forms the definite first-person singular present indicative of verbs.
- (possessive suffix) my (first-person singular, single possession)
- (personal suffix) Variants:
- (personal suffix, definite conjugation) Variants:
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -m is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -am is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -om is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -em is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öm is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
(possessive suffix):
-em
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun. A final single -l may become long -ll-.
- (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
- -am is added to back-vowel words
- -em is added to front-vowel words
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /em/, [ɛ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /em/, [ɛm]
See -ēs (suffix forming third-declension feminine abstract nouns).
-em f
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
-em
- first-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (first conjugation)
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
-em
- accusative singular of -s
From Proto-Celtic *-mū, from Proto-Indo-European *-mō.[1]
-em m
- Forms occupational nouns.
- -am (broad form)
From Proto-Celtic *-īmā, a verbal noun suffix for -ī- verbs in Celtic. Cognate with Welsh -i, from Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃.
-em f
- Forms verbal nouns of class A II weak verbs with roots ending in dentals.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -emL | — | — |
| vocative | -emL | — | — |
| accusative | -imN | — | — |
| genitive | -meH | — | — |
| dative | -imL | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
- -am (after a broad consonant)
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*karafyo-(mon)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 189-190
-em
- Indicates a transitive verb
The suffix to be used is determined by vowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem is a, e, or o (or a diphthong ending in one of those), then the suffix is -em. Otherwise, use -im or -um.
-em
- Attaches to the perfective stem to form the first-person singular past tense.
-em
- An inanimate collective morpheme for a group of things
-em
- (literary) verb suffix for the first-person plural imperfect/conditional
Category Welsh terms suffixed with -em not found