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-tt - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

  • Past-participle suffix: From Proto-Uralic *-tt. First attested in 1055.
  • Past-tense suffix: From the past-participle suffix. First attested in the end of 12th century. [1]

-tt

  2. past-tense and past-participle suffix (homonymous form in the vast majority of verbs):
    1. (past-tense suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past tense of a verb)
      megfő (“to be/get cooked”) → Az étel megfőtt. ― The meal is cooked.
    3. (past-participle suffix) -ed, -t (forms the past participle of a verb)
      fő (“to cook, to be/get cooked”) → főtt hús ― cooked meat
  • (past-participle and past-tense suffix) Variants:
    -t is added to monosyllabic verbs ending in j, l, ly, n, ny, r (fáj, szel, fon, huny, sír) and to many bisyllabic verbs ending in -ad/-ed (akad, ered)
    -tt is added to verbs ending in a vowel (sző, nő, fő, lő, ró, rí)
    -ott is added to back-vowel verbs
    -ett is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
    -ött is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
  • (past-participle suffix) This form is the only option attributively. Predicatively, however, a construction of the existential verb van (or its negative form nincs) and the adverbial participle (with -va/-ve) is preferable,[1] especially when speaking of the result achieved,[2] although the suffix -t/-ott/-ett/-ött occurs predicatively as well, disputed as it may be.[3]

Past tense indefinite/definite - personal endings

Person Indefinite Definite
Back vowel Front vowel Back vowel Front vowel
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
én 1st person singular
Class A & D verbs 		-tam -tem -tam -tem
Class B verbs -ttam -ttem -ttam -ttem
Class C verbs -ottam -ettem -öttem -ottam -ettem -öttem
te 2nd person singular
Class A & D verbs 		-tál -tél -tad -ted
Class B verbs -ttál -ttél -ttad -tted
Class C verbs -ottál -ettél -öttél -ottad -etted -ötted
ő
maga
ön 		3rd person singular
Class A verbs 		-t -ta -te
Class B verbs -tt -tt -tta -tte
Class C verbs -ott -ett -ött -otta -ette -ötte
mi 1st person plural
Class A & D verbs 		-tunk -tünk -tuk -tük
Class B verbs -ttunk -ttünk -ttuk -ttük
Class C verbs -ottunk -ettünk -öttünk -ottuk -ettük -öttük
ti 2nd person plural
Class A & D verbs 		-tatok -tetek -tátok -tétek
Class B verbs -ttatok -ttetek -ttátok -ttétek
Class C verbs -ottatok -ettetek -öttetek -ottátok -ettétek -öttétek
ők
maguk
önök 		3rd person plural
Class A & D verbs 		-tak -tek -ták -ték
Class B verbs -ttak -ttek -tták -tték
Class C verbs -ottak -ettek -öttek -ották -ették -ötték
én 1st person singular subject with
2nd-person object
Class A & D verbs 		× -talak -telek
Class B verbs -ttalak -ttelek
Class C verbs -ottalak -ettelek -öttelek
Class A: Use -t 1. after a single j, l, ly, n, ny, r (fáj, szel, fon, huny, sír)
2. in many bisyllabic verbs ending in -ad/-ed (akad, ered)
Class B: Use -tt hí, fú, nyí, ó, ró, rí, sí, szí, jő, sző, nő, fő, lő, nyű
Class C: Use -ott/-ett/-ött 1. after two consonants (sóhajt, szerkeszt, köszönt)
2. after a long vowel + t (javít, terít)
3. fut, hat, jut, nyit, vet, köt, süt, üt
Class D: Use -ott/-ett/-ött in 3rd-person singular indefinite.
Use -t for all other persons. 		All verbs not in Class A, B, C (olvas, keres, küld)

-tt

  2. (locative suffix, archaic) Added to a noun or an adjective to form the locative case.
    más (“other, else”) → másutt (“elsewhere”)
  1. ^ -tt in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)