es - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Abbreviation of Spanish español

es

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Spanish.

es

1. (radio slang) a synonym for "and"

   WX HR COLD ES RAINY

   The weather here is cold & rainy.

es (plural esses)

1. Alternative form of ess (the name of the Latin-script letter S/s) in compounds such as "es-hook".

From e +‎ -s.

es

1. (rare) Alternative form of e's.

es

1. Pronunciation spelling of is.

es (plural eses)

1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter С / с.

• -se, SE, Se., se, se.

From Dutch est, variant of eest, from Middle Dutch eeste (also este).

es (plural esse)

1. fireplace

   Synonym: vuurherd

• (Zürich) IPA^(key): /əs/, /ɛs/

es n

1. neuter of en: a/an
   • 1978, Rolf Lyssy & Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript):

• Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

From Middle High German ëȥ, from Old High German iȥ, from Proto-Germanic *it. Cognate with German es.

es n

1. (personal) it

es

1. them (masculine direct object)

• los

• esu, ies, iesu

From Latin exeō. Compare Daco-Romanian ieși, ies.

es first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative easi or ease, past participle ishitã)

1. to leave, exit, go out
2. (of the sun, moon) to rise
3. (figuratively) to defecate

• ishiri / ishire
• ishit
• ishitã
• ishitor

• mi-duc
• fug
• mi-cac

Cognate with German es.

es

1. it (nominative)

   Synonym: des

The usage of es is mainly impersonal. When referring to a noun, the form des is preferred.

es

1. Alternative spelling of eß (“you”, plural)

Inherited from Latin sē.

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /əs/
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /es/

es (proclitic, contracted s', enclitic se, contracted enclitic 's)

1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
4. each other (direct or indirect object)

• es is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a consonant.

From Latin ipse.

• so

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /əs/
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /es/

es m sg (feminine sa, masculine plural es, masculine plural sos, feminine plural ses)

1. (Balearic) the

• In Balearic Catalan, es contrasts with el as an obviative article, but is often used in first instance.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈes]

es

1. plural of e (“the letter E”)

• “es” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

• 'z (Luserna)
• is, 's

From Middle High German ëz, iz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-West Germanic *it, from Proto-Germanic *it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with German es.

es

1. (Sette Comuni) it

• “es” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

From Proto-Turkic *es. Compare to Kumyk эс (es), etc.

es

1. mind, consciousness

• https://classes.ru/all-crtatar/dictionary-crtatar-russian-cyr-term-14128.htm

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛs]

es n (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

• (Latin-script letter names) písmeno; á, bé, cé, dé, é, ef, gé, há, chá, í, jé, ká, el, em, en, ó, pé, kvé, er, es, té, ú, vé, dvojité vé, iks, ypsilon, zet

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛs]

es n

1. inflection of eso:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

es n (singular definite esset, plural indefinite esser)

1. (card games) ace

   Jeg har alle esserne.

   I have all the aces.

• være i sit es

From Middle Dutch essche, from Old Dutch *aska, from Proto-West Germanic *ask, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz.

Compare West Frisian esk, English ash, German Esche, Danish ask, compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian ясень (jasenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi, “ash tree”).

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/
• Hyphenation: es
• Rhymes: -ɛs
• Homophone: Esch

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

1. ash, ash tree, Fraxinus excelsior
2. ash, any tree of the genus Fraxinus

• esch (obsolete)

• esdoorn
• eslook
• essenstoof

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/
• Hyphenation: es
• Rhymes: -ɛs

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

1. (music) E-flat

• IPA^(key): /əs/, /ɪs/
• Hyphenation: es

es

1. (informal, dialectal) Alternative form of eens (“once”)

   Kom es hier ― Come over here (for a second).

From Middle Dutch esche, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *atiska-. More at German Esch, Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 (atisk).

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/
• Hyphenation: es
• Rhymes: -ɛs

es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)

1. a tract of open, often raised agricultural land near or surrounding a village or hamlet

   Synonym: enk

• esch (obsolete)

From German Es (German key notation).

• IPA^(key): /ˈes/, [ˈe̞s̠]
• Rhymes: -es
• Hyphenation^(key): es

es

1. (music) E-flat

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

• se

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/, (in liaison) /ɛ.z‿/ ~ /e.z‿/
• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Homophones: ai, aie, aies, aient, ait, est, hais, hait

es

1. second-person singular present indicative of être

• SE, se

es (plural esing)

1. child

• Robert L. Bradshaw, Fuyug grammar sketch (2007)

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/

es

1. second-person singular present indicative of ser

• 's (chiefly informal or poetic)
• -'s

• (stressed) IPA^(key): /ɛs/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /əs/

From Middle High German ëz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-Germanic *it. Compare English it.

es n

1. nominative and accusative neuter third-person singular personal pronoun

   Wo ist das Buch? Es liegt auf dem Tisch. () ― Where's the book? It’s on the table.

   Wo ist das Kind? Ich habe es. ― Where is the child? I have it.

   Welche Farbe hat das Pferd? Es ist weiß. () ― What color is the horse? It is white.

   Ich bemerkte ein merkwürdiges bärtiges Individuum und beschloss, es im Auge zu behalten. () ― I remarked a strange bearded individual and decided to keep an eye on him.

   Das Mädchen wusste nicht, dass es beobachtet wurde. () ― The girl didn’t know that she was being observed.

   Jedes Vorstandsmitglied kann das Wort ergreifen, wenn es dies wünscht. () ― Any board member may take the floor if they so wish.

   • 1952, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Das dicke Kind:

     Das Kind sagte nichts und sah mich mit seinen kühlen Augen an. Dann war es fort.

     The child said nothing and looked at me with her cold eyes. Then she was gone.

2. Impersonal pronoun used to refer to statements, activities, the environment etc., or as a placeholder/dummy pronoun — it, there

   Das kann es nicht geben. () ― This is nothing that could possibly exist.

   Sie begann zu laufen, und ich tat es auch. ― She started to run, and so did I. (literally, “She began to run, and I did it also.”)

   Es war einmal eine schöne Prinzessin. () ― There was once a beautiful princess.

   Es ist gut zu leben! () ― It's good to be alive!

   Es regnet. () ― It’s raining.

   Es ist sicher, dass morgen die Sonne scheinen wird. () ― It's certain that the sun will shine tomorrow.

   Wie geht es dir? () ― How are you doing?

   Ich bin es, Michael. () ― It's me, Michael.

   Es spielt das Fernsehorchester. () ― The television orchestra is playing.

   Sie wird es noch weit bringen. () ― She is going to go far.

• As a pronoun referring to people who are grammatically neutral, it is sometimes considered old-fashioned or dated to insist on using the neutral es instead of er/sie, especially for Mädchen, in spoken language, and when there is a large distance between when the person is introduced and when the corresponding pronoun is used.
• In a small and closed set of phrases, es continues a Middle High German ës which was the genitive of ëz: Ich bin es müde ‘I am tired of it’.
• In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is fully replaced with the demonstrative pronoun das, with which it shares the unstressed reduction /s/. This reflects a similar development for sie/die, but predates it.

• Es
• -'s
• by the German spelling reform of 1996: gehts, nimms, wenns

es n

1. (regional, colloquial) Alternative form of das

   Soll ich es Fenster zumachen?

   Should I close the window?

• The contracted form 's is more common, but es is also frequently heard.

From Portuguese este. Cognate with Kabuverdianu es.

es

1. this

• IPA^(key): /ˌəs/, /ˈes/
• Rhymes: -es
• Syllabification: es
• Homophone: ess

es

1. it

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

• IPA^(key): /ɛːs/
• Rhymes: -ɛːs

es n (genitive singular es or ess, nominative plural es)

1. (music) E flat

• e
• eses
• as
• ces
• des
• fes
• ges

• Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2025), “es”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies
• Mörður Árnason (2019) Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið

By assimilation with  English is, French es, Italian essere, Spanish es.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛs/

es

1. Apocopic form of esas

   Me es hike pro ke lu volis lo. ― I am here because he wanted me here.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛs/, [ˈɛs]
• Rhymes: -ɛs, -s
• Hyphenation: ès

From Dutch ijs, from Middle Dutch ijs, from Old Dutch *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

ès (plural es-es)

1. ice

• ais (Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore)

From Dutch es

ès (plural es-es)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

• (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet

• “es” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

• IPA^(key): /es/

es

1. present indicative of esser: is, are, am

From Portuguese eles.

es

1. they

From Portuguese este.

es

1. this

• (archaic) as

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ. Cognates include Latvian es and Lithuanian aš.

• IPA^(key): [ˈæs]
• Hyphenation: es

es

1. I

• Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈes/, [ˈɛs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes/, [ˈɛs]

es f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter S.

• Multiple Latin names for the letter S, s have been suggested. The most common is es or a syllabic s, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, sē, sss, əs, sə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ισσε (isse).

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

• es in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

From Proto-Italic *es, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈes/, [ˈɛs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes/, [ˈɛs]

es

1. second-person singular present active indicative/imperative of sum ("you are") (singular) or ("be!")

Form of the verb edō (“I eat”).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈeːs/, [ˈeːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈes/, [ˈɛs]

ēs

1. second-person singular present active indicative/imperative of edō

• edis

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ (from *éǵh₂). The non-nominative forms derive from Proto-Indo-European dependent stem *me- (the a instead of e in the Baltic languages appears to result from Iranian influence): reduplicated *me-me- → *mene → Proto-Baltic genitive/accusative *mane → *manen (by analogy with other accusatives) → *manens (by analogy with other genitives) → genitive manis, while *manen → accusative mani. Dative man comes from an older *mani. Instrumental variant manim imitates the nominal i-stem paradigm. Cognates include Lithuanian aš (archaic eš), Old Prussian es, as, Sudovian as, Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ (Old Church Slavonic азъ (azŭ), Old East Slavic ꙗзъ (jazŭ), Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russian я (ja), Bulgarian аз (az), Czech já (from jaz), Polish ja (from jaz)), Proto-Germanic *ekan, *ek (Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik), Old Norse ek, Old High German ih, German ich, Old English ic, English I), Hittite [script needed] (uk), Sanskrit अहम् (ahám), Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬆𐬨 (azəm), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Latin ego, Ossetian ӕз (æz).^[1]

• IPA^(key): [ɛs]

es (personal, 1st person singular)

1. I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker

   Es te dzīvoju. ― I live here.

   Viņš mani sastapa ceļā. ― He met me on the road.

   Atnāc pie manis! ― Come to me (to my place)!

   Nāc ar mani dejot! ― Come dance with me!

   Man nav laika. ― I don't have time. (lit. There is no time to me.)

The dative form manim is used only optionally, with prepositions.

• manējs

• vietniekvārds

es m (invariable)

1. I, ego (the essence of a person)

   mans es ― my I, my ego

   Runātājs izcēla savu es. ― The speaker highlighted his I, his ego.

   Briesmīgi nezināt nekā un just tikai sevi, savu es. ― It is terrible to know and feel nothing except oneself, one's I.

   Cilvēks var pierādīt savu vērtību, apliecināt savu “es” tikai darbā. ― A person can prove their worth, testify their “I”, only in (their) work.

A cross-linguistically frequent way of naming this sound, and the respective letter.

es m (invariable)

1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter S/s.

• Latvian letter names:

  a (A), garais ā (Ā), bē (B), cē (C), čē (Č), dē (D), e (E), garais ē (Ē), ef (F), gā (G), ģē (Ģ), hā (H), i (I), garais ī (Ī), jē (J), kā (K), ķē (Ķ), el (L), eļ (Ļ), em (M), en (N), eņ (Ņ), o (O), pē (P), er (R), es (S), eš (Š), tē (T), u (U), garais ū (Ū), vē (V), zē (Z), žē (Ž)

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/

es m inan

1. The name of the Latin-script letter s/S.

• (Latin-script letter names) a, bej, cej, čet, ćej, dej, ej, ět, ef, gej, ha, cha, i, jot, ka, eł, el, em, en, ejn, o, pej, er, ejŕ, es, eš, śej, tej, u, wej, y, zet, žet, źej

From English ess.

• IPA^(key): /ˈes/ [ˈes]

és (plural es-es)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

• ès (Indonesian)
• sin (Jawi letter name)

• (Latin-script letter names) huruf; e, bi, si, di, i, ef, ji, hec, ai, je, ke, el, em, en, o, pi, kiu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dabel yu, eks, way, zed

es

1. genitive of hi
2. genitive of het

es

1. Alternative form of is; third-person singular present indicative of wēsen

es

1. Alternative form of his (“his”)

es

1. Alternative form of his (“his”)

es

1. Alternative form of his (“her”)

es

1. Alternative form of is (“is”)

Old French es ("[you] are").

es

1. second-person singular present indicative of estre

Old French es ("in the").

es

1. Contraction of en + les (“in the (plural)”).

• IPA^(key): /es/

es f (genitive esi)

1. stoat, weasel

• Irish: eas

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “5 es”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

es

1. third-person singular present of wiis

es

1. present of asa (to swell, ferment)

es

1. third-person singular present indicative of èsser

From Proto-Algonquian *e·hsa.

es (plural esag)

1. shell (2)
2. oyster

Contraction of en les.

es

1. in the

   • 1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine), page 186 of this essay:

     l'autre partie va es muscules

     the other part goes into the muscles

• French: ès (archaic except in fixed expressions)

• IPA^(key): [es]

• ess (theoretically available for all senses; attested in only some)

es (gender unknown)

1. the letter s

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

es (gender unknown)

1. death

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

es (gender unknown)

1. food

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

es (gender unknown)

1. ox

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

es

1. Alternative spelling of as: third-person singular masculine of a

From Proto-Norse ᛁᛊᛏ (ist), from Proto-Germanic *isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. Evolved to younger variant er. Compare vesa, vas (vera, var).

es

1. Archaic form of er., third-person singular indicative present of vera

From Proto-Germanic *iz (“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌹𐍃 (is), Old High German ēr (German er).

es

1. Archaic form of er. (which, that)

es

1. Archaic form of er. (when, where)

• 's

Compare German es, Dutch het, English it.

• IPA^(key): /ɛs/

es n (definite)

1. nominative/accusative neuter singular of der: the

es n

1. it

es

1. third-person singular present of sennen

Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.

es

1. to be
2. (auxiliary, used to form composite past tense of many intransitive verbs) to have (done something).

es

1. at once

   Uvur haramavimaken, du famud, es! — The tide is about to turn; cook the sago at once!^[1]

2. enough

es (plural eses)

1. Alternative spelling of aes

• “es, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

• IPA^(key): /ˈes/ [ˈes]
• Rhymes: -es
• Syllabification: es

From Latin est, from Proto-Italic *est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Cognate with Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti), English is.

es

1. third-person singular present indicative of ser

es f pl

1. plural of e

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *is, from Proto-Indo-European *ís. Compare Lithuanian jìs, but dissimilar Latvian viņš (“he”), Old Prussian tāns (“he”).^[1][2]

eſ m

1. (third-person singular) he

Borrowed from English ess, the English name of the letter S/s.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔes/ [ʔɛs]
• Rhymes: -es
• Syllabification: es

es (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔)

1. the name of the Latin-script letter S/s, in the Filipino alphabet

   Synonyms: (in the Abakada alphabet) sa, (in the Abecedario) ese

• (Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi

• “es”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

• se

From Proto-Tocharian *ānse, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓms-o-s, a form of *h₂ṓms. Compare Tocharian B āntse.

es

1. shoulder
2. bough, limb (of a tree)
3. branch of a particular matter

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *es (“memory, mind”).

IPA^(key): /es/

es

1. (archaic) mind
2. (archaic) memory

• eslemek

• IPA^(key): /eːs/
• Rhymes: -eːs

es

1. first-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd

• euthum (literary)