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jrj - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

  • (verb): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈjiːɾit/ → /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ → /ˈʔiːɾa/ → /ˈʔiːɾə/

ir

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to do (an action) (+ r: against (someone); + n: for; + ḥnꜥ: with; + m: using, by means of)
  2. (intransitive) to act, to do (+ m or mj or ḫft: as, in accordance with; + mj: as, like)

    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 20–21:

      jr r.k m ḫrt-jb.k swrd pw ḏd n.k
      Well, do whatever you want (literally, “as your desire”).[1] It’s tiring to talk to you.
  3. (transitive) to do (good, evil, justice, wrong, etc.) (+ r: against (someone))

    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 22:

      jr ḏwt r šd-ḫrw wd qn zp.f spr(.w) r.f
      Evil has been done to the Disturber (Set), he who committed violence; his misdeed has caught up with him.
  4. (transitive) to act as (a function), to act in the capacity of

    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 183–184:

      ꜥḥꜥ.n ḏd.f n.j m jr(w) jqr ḫnms
      Then he said to me, Don’t act so high-minded (literally, “Don’t act the excellent one”), friend.

    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 13–14:

      jr.n snt.f mkt.f sḥr{y}t ḫrww sḥmt zpw šd-ḫrw m ꜣḫw r(ꜣ).s
      His sister has served as his protector, she who drove off the enemies, who put an end to the deeds of the Disturber (Set) by the magical prowess of her mouth
  5. (transitive) to make
    1. (transitive) to make, to craft, to construct (concrete things) (+ m: from, out of)
    2. (transitive, of gods) to create, to bring into being with divine power

      • c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 1–2:


        st n.j jrw.n.j sšm wj ḫprw m ḥꜥw.j
        Illuminate for me, those whom I made! Lead me, those who came into being through my flesh!
    3. (transitive) to make, to bring about (intangible or abstract things)

      • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 14–15:



        ꜣst ꜣḫt nḏt sn.s ḥḥt sw jwtt b(ꜣ)gg.s pẖrt tꜣ pn m ḥꜣyt nj ḫn.n.s nj gm.tw.s sw jrt šwt m šwwt.s sḫprt ṯꜣw m ḏnḥwj.s jrt hnw mjnt sn.s
        capable Isis who saved her brother, who sought him without wearying, who circled this land in mourning, not alighting so long as he was not found, who made shade with her feathers, who brought about breath with her wings, who made acclamation, a mooring-post for her brother
    4. (transitive) to make, to issue, to promulgate (laws, decrees, prescriptions, commands) (+ n: for (someone); + r: against (someone))
    5. (transitive) to write (texts, documents)
    6. (transitive) to beget (children)

      • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 16–17:


        O307

        sṯzt nnw n(j) wrd(w)-jb ḫnpt mw.f jrt jwꜥw šdt nḫn m wꜥꜥw nj rḫ bw.f jm bst sw ꜥ.f nḫtw m ẖnw wsḫt gbb
        who raised the limpness of the weary-hearted, who took in his water (semen), who made an heir, who suckled the child in solitude where his location was unknown, who introduced him when his arm grew strong into the hall of Geb.
    7. (transitive) to erect, to build (buildings and monuments)
    8. (transitive) to cultivate, to grow (plants)

      • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 49–50:

        kꜣw jm ḥnꜥ nq(ꜥ)wt sšpt mj jr.t(w).s
        Unripe sycamore figs were there along with ripe ones, and muskmelons as if cultivated.
    9. (transitive) to work (fields)
    10. (transitive) to lay out (gardens and pools)
    11. (transitive) to prepare (food and drink)
  6. (transitive) to pass (time), to spend (time)

    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 41–45:


      jr.n.j ḫmtw hrw wꜥ.kw jb.j m snnw.j sḏr.kw m ẖnw n(j) kꜣp n(j) ḫt qnj.n.j šwyt
      I spent three days alone, my heart my only companion (literally, “my second”), lying inside a shelter of wood, having embraced the shadows.
  7. (transitive) to celebrate (a festival)
  8. (transitive) to perform, to undertake (a specified procedure with a defined endpoint)
    1. (transitive) to carry out, to execute (a command, decree, etc.) (+ r: against or regarding (someone))
    2. (transitive) to perform, to make, to offer (a sacrifice)
    3. (transitive) to perform, to carry out (a ceremony)
    4. (transitive, medicine) to prepare and apply, to use (a medicine or remedy)
    5. (transitive) to perform (a miracle or wonder)
    6. (transitive, mathematics) to work out (a value or calculation)
  9. (transitive) to achieve (a purpose or result)
  10. (transitive) to recite (a spell, praise, or text), to read or speak aloud
  11. (transitive) to play (an instrument)
  12. (transitive, medicine) to treat (a sickness or ailment)
  13. (transitive) to appoint (priests or officials) (+ n: to appoint (someone))
  14. (transitive) to gather, to marshal (troops, armies, herds)
  15. (transitive) to gather, to acquire, to amass (cattle, grain, or slaves)
  16. (transitive) to traverse (lands)
  17. (transitive, with m) to make into, turn into, change into (something); also, to put into (writing)
  18. (intransitive with r or ḥr or transitive) to make for, to steer towards (a place or direction)
  19. (Late Egyptian, catenative, with a verb in the subjunctive) to cause, make, let, allow
  20. (Late Egyptian, transitive, with prefixed j. and following infinitive) forms the imperfective active participle
  21. (Late Egyptian, transitive, with prefixed j. and following infinitive) forms the perfective active and passive participles, initially of verbs with four or more radicals, but after the New Kingdom increasingly of other verbs as well

Most texts spell inflections of this word that have no reduplicated final consonant as simply

ir

, and those with reduplication as

; however, a few texts instead use the spelling

for the former and

for the latter.

Conjugation of jrj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jr, geminated stem: jrr
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jrt, jrj
 jrw, jr
 jrt, jrwt, jryt
 jr
 jr, jry
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jr8, jrr8
 ḥr jrt, ḥr jrj
 m jrt, m jrj
 r jrt, r jrj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect jr.n
 jrw, jr, jry
 consecutive jr.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative jrt, jryt
perfective3 jr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 jr.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective jr, jry
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 jrw, jr, jry
 jrw, jr, jry
 potentialis1 jr.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive jr, jry
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect jr.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective jrw1, jry, jr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jr
 jry, jr
imperfective jrr, jrry, jrrw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jrr, jrrj6, jrry6
 jrr, jrrw5
prospective jrw1, jry, jr, jrtj7
 — jrwtj1 4, jrtj4, jrt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

r (“regarding, with respect to”) +‎ -j (“adverbializing suffix”).

  1. regarding it, with respect to it, concerning it, thereto

    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 21–23:

      sḏd.j r.f n.k mjtt jrj ḫpr(.w) m-ꜥ.j ḏs.j
      Even so, let me recount to you something similar to this that happened to me myself.
  2. (after a preposition) Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jrj  

jr jr rw rw
[New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period]
in hieratic

From r (“regarding, with respect to”) +‎ -j (“nisba ending”). The noun is simply a nominalized use of the nisba adjective.

  1. pertaining to, relating to, belonging to
Declension of jrj (nisba adjective)
masculine feminine
singular jrj
 jrt
dual jrjwj, jrwj
 jrtj
plural jrjw, jrw
 jrwt1, jrt2

1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jrj  

 m

  1. one pertaining to
  2. keeper, guardian, custodian
  3. companion, comrade
  4. duty

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jrj  

From the plural:

  1. ^ The beginning can alternatively be read as an imperfective emphatic jrr.k ‘You do …’.