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s' - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Short for së (“not”) (not to be confused with adjectival article së and conjunction se (“that (as), when”)). This is in turn from Proto-Albanian *tśe, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷíd (“that (relative)”)[1]

  • IPA(key): /s/, (before voiced consonants) /z/

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s'

  1. negates the meaning of the modified verb: not, don't
    Synonym: nuk

    Unë di. - Unë s'di.

    I know. - I don't know.

    Jam, s'jam. Je, s'je.

    I am, I'm not. You are, you aren't.
  1. ^ Albanische Etymologien (Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz), Bardhyl Demiraj, Leiden Studies in Indo-European 7; Amsterdam - Atlanta 1997. p. 276.

s'

  1. Apocopic form of se before a vowel

s’

  1. Contraction of es.
  • s' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel.
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
singular 1st
person 		standard jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd
person 		standard tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd
person 		m ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
f ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
n ho -ho li -li seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd
person 		standard vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd
person 		m ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
f elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi

1 Behaves grammatically as plural.   2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition.   4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

s'

  1. Prevocalic clipping of se

s'

  1. Prevocalic clipping of sè

s’

  1. Elision of si (“if”) before il or ils.
    S’il vous plaît ― Please / Here you are. (literally, “If it pleases you.”)
    S’il te plaît. ― Please / Here you are (literally, “If it pleases you.”)

    Je ne sais pas s’ils viendront demain.

    I don’t know if they will come tomorrow.

s’ (third person)

  1. Elision of se before a word beginning with a vowel.
    Il s’habille. ― He’s dressing (himself).
    Il s’aime. ― He loves himself.

    Ils s’aiment.

    They love themselves. / They love each other.
  2. (informal) Elision of se before a word beginning with a consonant.
    Y s’bouge le cul ou quoi? ― Is he movin’ his ass or what?

s' (apocopated)

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of si
  • Commonly elides before a vowel, especially i and e.

Italian personal pronouns

Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Combined Disjunctive Locative Partitive
Singular first — io mi, m', -mi me me —
second — tu ti, t', -ti te te
third m lui si2, s', -si lo, l', -lo gli, -gli glie, se2 lui, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f lei, Lei1 la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c', -ci ce noi —
second — voi, Voi4 vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 ve voi, Voi4
third m loro, Loro1 si, s', -si li, Li1, -li, -Li1 gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1 		glie, se loro, Loro1, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1 Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4 Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).
  • s- (used before a vowel)
  • sh- (used before front vowels)

From Old Irish is.

s'

  1. Present/future copula form

    S'mie lhiam shillishyn.

    I am fond of cherries.

    Shegin dooin goll dy chaggey.

    We have to go to war.
    my saillt ― please (said to one person)
  2. Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives

    V'ee yn inneen s'bwaaee 'sy theihll.

    She was the prettiest girl in the world.
    fer s'gilley jeh mooinjey y vadran ― the brightest of the sons of the morning

Only used with adjectives. When nouns are equated with each other, use she.

s’

  1. (before a vowel) Apocopic form of se

Old French se < Latin sē.

s'

  1. third-person singular reflexive pronoun; oneself
    s'rêjoui ― to enjoy oneself

s'

  1. his; her; its (elided form of son or sa before a word starting with a vowel)
    s'oreille ― his ear

s'

  1. Apocopic form of se (“if”)

    • 1920, Olindo Guerrini, edited by Zanichelli, Sonetti romagnoli, published 1967:

      S'aví pazenzia d' lezer ste librett E ch'a sbrucheva i virs in rumagnol A i truvarí zinquanta e piò sunett Ch'av gudrí ch'a farí dal scapariol.

      If [you] are patient to read this book and you (can) understand the poetry in Romagnol you will find more than fifty sonnets that will entertain you more than tumbling.

s' m or f (Logudorese, Campidanese, Nuorese)

  1. Apocopic form of su, used before a vowel: the (masculine singular definite article)
  2. Apocopic form of sa, used before a vowel: the (feminine singular definite article)

s'

  1. Apocopic form of si, used before a vowel