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tum - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

tum

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Tumbuka.

tum (plural tums)

  1. shortened form of tummy
    Synonym: tum-tum

    • 1918, Norman Lindsay, The Magic Pudding, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 18:

      For here am I without a crumb
      To satisfy a raging tum--
      O what an oversight!"
      As he was indulging in these melancholy reflexions he came round a bend in the road, and discovered two people in the very act of having lunch.

tum

  1. Romanization of ᬢᬸᬫ᭄

tum

  1. an ancient jar that is large in the middle and opening, having a black surface and no design

tum

  1. to heat; to warm

    Tum dulu lauk chelap nya

    Heat the cold dish first
  2. to host lot of people for a long period of time

    Kami kena tum bala pengabang dua hari.

    We hosted the visitor for two days

From Middle Irish tummid.[2]

tum (present analytic tumann, future analytic tumfaidh, verbal noun tumadh, past participle tumtha) (ambitransitive)

  1. to dip (lower into a liquid), immerse, plunge, duck, submerge
  2. to dip (treat cattle or sheep by immersion)
  3. to dive (jump into water head-first; descend)
  4. to pitch (move so that the front of the craft goes alternatively up and down)
    Synonym: bocáil
verbal noun tumadh
past participle tumtha
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present tumaim tumann tú;
tumair† 		tumann sé, sí tumaimid tumann sibh tumann siad;
tumaid† 		a thumann; a thumas /
a dtumann* 		tumtar
past thum mé; thumas thum tú; thumais thum sé, sí thumamar; thum muid thum sibh; thumabhair thum siad; thumadar a thum /
ar thum* 		tumadh
past habitual thumainn / dtumainn‡‡ thumtá / dtumtᇇ thumadh sé, sí / dtumadh sé, s퇇 thumaimis; thumadh muid / dtumaimis‡‡; dtumadh muid‡‡ thumadh sibh / dtumadh sibh‡‡ thumaidís; thumadh siad / dtumaidís‡‡; dtumadh siad‡‡ a thumadh /
a dtumadh* 		thumtaí / dtumta퇇
future tumfaidh mé;
tumfad 		tumfaidh tú;
tumfair† 		tumfaidh sé, sí tumfaimid;
tumfaidh muid 		tumfaidh sibh tumfaidh siad;
tumfaid† 		a thumfaidh; a thumfas /
a dtumfaidh* 		tumfar
conditional thumfainn / dtumfainn‡‡ thumfá / dtumfᇇ thumfadh sé, sí / dtumfadh sé, s퇇 thumfaimis; thumfadh muid / dtumfaimis‡‡; dtumfadh muid‡‡ thumfadh sibh / dtumfadh sibh‡‡ thumfaidís; thumfadh siad / dtumfaidís‡‡; dtumfadh siad‡‡ a thumfadh /
a dtumfadh* 		thumfaí / dtumfa퇇
subjunctive
present go dtuma mé;
go dtumad† 		go dtuma tú;
go dtumair† 		go dtuma sé, sí go dtumaimid;
go dtuma muid 		go dtuma sibh go dtuma siad;
go dtumaid† 		— go dtumtar
past dá dtumainn dá dtumtá dá dtumadh sé, sí dá dtumaimis;
dá dtumadh muid 		dá dtumadh sibh dá dtumaidís;
dá dtumadh siad 		— dá dtumtaí
imperative
– tumaim tum tumadh sé, sí tumaimis tumaigí;
tumaidh† 		tumaidís — tumtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutated forms of tum
radical lenition eclipsis
tum thum dtum

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

  1. ^ “tum”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tummaid, tu(i)mmid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

tum

  1. Romanization of ꦠꦸꦩ꧀

From Proto-Italic *tom, from Proto-Indo-European *tóm, accusative of *só. Cf. its feminine form Latin tam, as in tamquam. Cognate with Ancient Greek τότε (tóte).

tum (not comparable)

  1. then, thereupon

    Tum Caecilius in horto sedet.

    Then Caecilius sits in the garden.
  2. at the time, at that time
    tum primum ― for the first time, then at first

    • between 27 and 9 BC, Livy, Ab urbe condita:

      Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum

      This concern in particular troubled the mindful Romans at the time, not so much because of anger, which has never been more justified against any other city, rather because a city so noble and powerful, in the same way that it had attracted the support of a number of communities by its revolt, was thought would again turn attention back towards respect for the previous government once recaptured.
  3. further on

Often coupled with cum

  1. Such that "tum x, cum y" = "then x, when y"
  2. "cum x tum y" = "not only x but also y"
type demonstrative anaphoric identity interrogative/
relative		 indefinite negative other
proximal medial distal relative indefinite free choice universal negative polarity
basic hic iste, istic ille, illic is ipse, īdem quis/quī quisquis, quīcumque quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam quīvis, quīlibet quisque quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam nēmō, nihil, nūllus alius
dual uter utercumque alteruter utervīs, uterlibet uterque neuter alter
place hīc istīc illīc ibī̆ ibī̆dem ubī̆ ubiubi, ubī̆cumque alicubī, uspiam ubivīs, ubilibet ubīque usquam nusquam, nūllibī alibī, aliās
source hinc istinc illinc inde indidem unde undecumque, undeunde alicunde °undelibet undique aliunde
destination hūc, °hōrsum istūc, °istōrsum illūc, °illōrsum eō eōdem quō, quōrsum quōquō, quōcumque aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum quōvīs, quōlibet quōquam nusquam, nūllōrsum aliō, aliōrsum
method,
means,
path,
place 		hāc istāc illāc eā eādem quā quāquā, quācumque aliquā quāvīs, quālibet quāque nēquāquam, haudquāquam aliā
manner hōc modō istō modō illō modō ita, sīc,
eō modō		 item, itidem ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō quōmodolibet utīque ūllō modō nūllō modō aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time num, nunc ōlim tum, tunc simul quandō, ‡cum cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque quondam, aliquandō quandōlibet quandōque umquam numquam aliās
quantity tam †tamen, †tandem quam †quamquam aliquam quamvīs, quamlibet
size tantus tantusdem quantus quantuscumque aliquantus quantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality tālis quālis quālis, quāliscumque aliquālis quālislibet
number tot totidem quot quotquot, quotcumque aliquot quotlibet
order totus quotus quotuscumque aliquotus quotuslibet
repetition totiēns quotiēns quotiēnscumque aliquotiēns quotiēnslibet
multiplication totuplex quotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative
  • “tum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “tum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • tum in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
  • tum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
    • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, quo nemo tum fuit clarior
    • Pericles, the greatest man of his day: Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus
    • I was ten years old at the time: tum habebam decem annos
    • to be sound asleep: sopītum esse
    • to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation: in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
    • a hand-to-hand engagement ensued: tum pes cum pede collatus est (Liv. 28. 2)

tum

  1. (Northern) Alternative form of tome (“empty”)

From Old Norse *þumi, from Proto-Germanic *þūmô.

tum

  1. thumb

Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t1um (“to boil, to distil”) (compare Thai ต้ม (dtôm, “to boil”), Khmer ដាំ (dam, “to boil”)).

tum

  1. (cooking) to cook by warping by banana leaf then steamed

Onomatopoeic.

tum

  1. (onomatopoeia) crash (to collide with something)
    Synonym: crás

From Old Irish tummaid (“dips, plunges, immerses”).

tum (past thum, future tumaidh, verbal noun tumadh, past participle tumta)

  1. plunge, immerse, dip, duck, steep

tum

  1. Romanization of 𒌈 (tum)

From Old Swedish tumme.

tum c

  1. inch (unit of length)

Can mean at least three different units: 24.74 mm (verktum) before 1855, 29.69 mm (decimaltum) between 1855 and 1889, and usually 25.4 mm (engelsk tum) today – an international inch.

tum

  1. one
  • A. G. de León G., El ayapaneco: una variante del zoqueano en Ja Chontalpa tabasquena [The Ayapaneco dialect: a variant of the Zoque language in the Chontalpa region of Tabasco]

From tumu, with word-final vowel deletion.

tum

  1. Alternative form of tumu (“to dive, leap down from”)
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

tum • (𡉾)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

tum

  1. hundred

    • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:

      Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.

      Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.

This word must be preceded by a numeral for a single-digit number, so "one hundred" is expressed in Volapük as "baltum."