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virus - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

  • ️Thu Sep 02 2021

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Wikispecies

The virions that carry the Marburg virus

From Middle English virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.

virus (countable and uncountable, plural viruses or (rare) virusses or (rare) vira or (proscribed) viri or (proscribed) virii)

  2. A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and that sometimes causes disease in the host organism (such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms).
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:virus

    • 2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 64:

      Viruses are the smallest and most simplified forms of life.

    1. A species thereof.
      Meronym: virion (individual particle)

      Some viruses, such as norovirus, cause sporadic outbreaks of gastroenteritis.

    2. (occasionally proscribed) An individual particle thereof: synonym of virion.

      Under electron microscopy, a few viruses were seen floating near the cells.

  3. (uncountable) A quantity of such infectious agents, considered en masse.

    Not much virus was detectable on a nucleic acid test; the viral load was very low.

  4. (informal, metonymically) A disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.

    He's got a virus and had to stay home from school.

  5. (archaic) Venom, as produced by a poisonous animal etc.

    • 1890, Aluísio Azevedo, The Slum:

      Brazil, that inferno where every budding flower and every buzzing bluebottle fly bears a lascivious virus.

  6. (computing) A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.
  7. (computing, proscribed) Any type of malware.
  8. (figurative) Any malicious or dangerous entity that spreads from one place or person to another.

    • 2011, Pat Mesiti, The $1 Million Reason to Change Your Mind:

      I am tired of the mind viruses that are crippling people living in the western world — especially in my own nation. Sadly, Australia is becoming known as a nation of whingers.

(Computing):

(Virology):

(Virology):

infectious organism

disease

computer virus

virus (third-person singular simple present viruses, present participle virusing, simple past and past participle virused)

  1. (nonstandard, rare) To send or infect an electronic device with a computer virus.

    I'm just going to virus anyone who tries cheating on this game.

From Latin vīrus.

  • IPA(key): /ˈbiɾus/ [ˈbi.ɾus]

virus m (plural virus)

  1. virus

Ultimately from Latin vīrus.

virus (definite accusative virusu, plural viruslar)

  1. (medicine) virus
  2. (computing) computer virus
  • “virus” in Obastan.com.

Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

virus m (invariable)

  1. virus

virus m (plural virusys)

  1. virus
  • Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga's Online Dictionary
  • Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (in Cornish), 2018, published 2018, page 190

Borrowed from Russian вирус (virus).

virus

  1. (virology) virus

Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

virus m inan

  1. (virology) virus (a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure)
  2. (computing) virus (a type of computer malware)

Declension of virus (hard masculine inanimate foreign)

singular plural
nominative virus viry, virusy
genitive viru, virusu virů, virusů
dative viru, virusu virům, virusům
accusative virus viry, virusy
vocative vire, viruse viry, virusy
locative viru, virusu virech, virusech
instrumental virem, virusem viry, virusy
  • “virus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “virus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • virus in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

From Latin vīrus.

virus c or n (singular definite virussen or virusset, plural indefinite virus or virusser or vira, plural definite virussene or virusserne or viraene)

  1. virus

From Latin vīrus. Coined in the virological sense by Martinus Beijerinck; the word had been previously used for pathogens, although not for viruses in the modern sense. The computing sense derives from English virus.

  • IPA(key): /ˈviː.rʏs/
  • Hyphenation: vi‧rus

virus n (plural virussen, diminutive virusje n)

  1. (microbiology) virus
  2. (computer science) virus (computer virus)

Like most Latin borrowings, this word kept its original Latin gender (neuter); it is one of the few Dutch words ending in -us which is not masculine; cf. also corpus and opus. Marginally, use as a masculine noun is sometimes erroneously encountered, indeed based on the ending.

From Latin vīrus.

  • IPA(key): /ˈʋirus/, [ˈʋirus̠]
  • IPA(key): /ˈʋiːrus/, [ˈʋiːrus̠] (proscribed)
  • Rhymes: -irus
  • Hyphenation(key): vi‧rus

virus

  1. virus
  2. (computer security) virus (computer virus)

(compounds):

Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

virus m (plural virus)

  1. virus

Learned borrowing from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”).

virus m (invariable)

  1. virus (pathogen)
  2. computer virus

Borrowed from Dutch virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa.

  • IPA(key): /ˈfi.rʊs/
  • Rhymes: -rʊs
  • Hyphenation: vi‧rus

virus

  1. virus
    1. a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
    2. (uncountable) a quantity of such infectious agents.
    3. (metonymically) a disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.
    4. (computing) a type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data.
    5. (computing) any type of malware.

(Computing):

(Virology):

virus (plural viruses)

  1. virus

Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

  • IPA(key): /ˈvi.rus/
  • Rhymes: -irus
  • Hyphenation: vì‧rus

virus m (invariable)

  1. (virology) virus
  • virus in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

virus m

  1. virus

    • 2018 February 7, Dora Niyego, “El Antisemitizmo De Oy”, in Şalom‎[4]:

      El antisemitizmo es un prejudizio, komo un virus.

      Antisemitism is a prejudice, like a virus.

    Via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Cognates include Sanskrit विष (viṣá), Ancient Greek ἰός (iós, “poison”), Tocharian B wase, and Middle Irish fí. The neuter gender of this term despite its nominative singular ending in the masculine second-declension -us is possibly a relic of this term's inheritance from a neuter s-stem.[1]

    vīrus n sg (genitive vīrī); second declension

    1. venom (a poisonous substance secreted by animals or plants)
    2. a plant- or animal-sourced substance with medicinal or magical properties
    3. a liquid element that makes something taste or smell bitter or acrid
      1. (transferred sense) bitterness, acrimony (of speech, manner or disposition)
    4. (New Latin) a virus (infectious organism)

    Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative in -us), singular only.

    • There is also the heteroclitic genitive singular vīrūs.
    • When used in modern biology with the same meaning of English virus, a plural can be formed using the same suffixes of regular neuters of the 2nd declension (i.e., vīra, vīrōrum, vīrīs, vīra, vīrīs, vīra):[2]

    Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative plural in -a).

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vīrus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 682-683
    2. ^ William T. Stearn, Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary, ed. 3a (David & Charles, 1983): "Virus: virus (s.n. II), gen. sing. viri, nom. pl. vira, gen. pl. vīrorum (to be distinguished from virorum, of men)."
    • "virus", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • "virus". in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "virus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • "virus", in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
    • “uīrus” on page 2286 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

    vìrus

    1. active adverbial past half-participle of vìrti

    From English virus, from Latin vīrus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos.

    virus (plural virus-virus, informal 1st possessive virusku, 2nd possessive virusmu, 3rd possessive virusnya)

    1. virus:
      1. (biology, virology) A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

    virus

    1. virus
    Odd, no gradation
    Nominative virus
    Genitive virusa
    Singular Plural
    Nominative virus virusat
    Accusative virusa virusiid
    Genitive virusa virusiid
    Illative virusii virusiidda
    Locative virusis virusiin
    Comitative virusiin virusiiguin
    Essive virusin
    Possessive forms
    Singular Dual Plural
    1st person virusan viruseamẹ viruseamẹt
    2nd person virusat viruseattẹ viruseattẹt
    3rd person virusis viruseaskkạ viruseasẹt

    From Latin vīrus.

    virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa or virusene)

    1. (biology, virology) virus
    2. (computing) virus (computer virus) (see datavirus)

    From Latin virus.

    virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa)

    1. (biology, virology) virus
    2. (computing) virus (computer virus) (see datavirus)

    Borrowed from French virus, Latin vīrus.

    • IPA(key): /ˈvirus/
    • Rhymes: -irus
    • Hyphenation: vi‧rus

    virus n (plural virusuri)

    1. (virology) virus (a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure)

    virus m (plural viruși)

    1. (computing) virus (a type of computer malware)

    vírus m (Cyrillic spelling ви́рус)

    1. (medicine) virus (DNA/RNA causing disease)
    2. (computing) computer virus

    Borrowed from Latin vīrus.

    • IPA(key): /ˈbiɾus/ [ˈbi.ɾus]
    • Rhymes: -iɾus
    • Syllabification: vi‧rus

    virus m (plural virus)

    1. virus
    2. computer virus

    From Latin vīrus.

    virus n

    1. (biology, virology) virus
    2. (computing) computer virus
      Synonyms: datavirus, datorvirus

    Unadapted borrowing from English virus, from Latin vīrus. Doublet of bisa and birus. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

    virus (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ or ᜊᜒᜇᜓᜐ᜔)

    1. (biology, virology) virus
      Synonyms: birus, (neologism) haykap
    2. (computing) computer virus
    • “virus”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018