action Lie algebroid in nLab

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Definition

For VV a space, GG a group and ρ:G×V→V\rho : G\times V \to V a action of GG on VV, we have the corresponding action groupoid. If everything is sufficiently smooth, this is a Lie groupoid denoted V// ρGV//_\rho G.

The action Lie algebroid of ρ\rho is the Lie algebroid that corresponds to this Lie groupoid (under Lie integration).

The Chevalley-Eilenberg algebra of an action Lie algebroid is in physics known as a BRST complex.

Details

Let GG be a Lie group, VV a smooth manifold and ρ:G×V→V\rho : G \times V \to V a smooth action. Write V//GV//G for the corresponding action groupoid, itself a Lie groupoid. The Lie algebroid Lie(V//G)Lie(V//G) corresponding to this is the action Lie algebroid.

The Chevalley-Eilenberg algebra of the action Lie algebroid is

CE(Lie(V//G))=(∧ C ∞(V) •(C ∞(V)⊗𝔤 *),d ρ), CE(Lie(V//G)) = (\wedge^\bullet_{C^\infty(V)} (C^\infty(V) \otimes\mathfrak{g}^*), d_{\rho}) \,,

where the differential acts on functions f∈C ∞(V)f \in C^\infty(V) by

d ρ:f↦ρ(−)(−) *f∈C ∞(V)⊗𝔤 *. d_\rho : f \mapsto \rho(-)(-)^* f \in C^\infty(V)\otimes \mathfrak{g}^* \,.

Explicitly, for t∈𝔤t \in \mathfrak{g} this sends ff to the function (d ρf)(t)(d_\rho f)(t) which is the derivative along t∈T eGt \in T_e G of the function G×V→ρV→fℝG \times V \stackrel{\rho}{\to}V \stackrel{f}{\to} \mathbb{R}.

Even more explicitly, if we choose local coordinates {v k}:ℝ dimV→V\{v^k\} : \mathbb{R}^{dim V} \to V on a patch, and choose a basis {t a}\{t^a\} of 𝔤 *\mathfrak{g}^* then we have that restricted to this patch the differential is on generators given by

d ρ:f↦ρ k at a∧∂ kf d_\rho : f \mapsto \rho^k{}_a t^a \wedge \partial_k f

d ρ:t a↦−12C a bct b∧t c. d_\rho : t^a \mapsto - \frac{1}{2} C^a{}_{b c} t^b \wedge t^c \,.

Specifically for VV a finite dimensional vector space, ρ:G\rho : G a linear action, {v k}\{v^k\} a choice of basis of that vector space and ff a linear function f=f kv kf= f_k v^k , we have that (f k:=∂ kf)∈ℝ dimV(f_k := \partial_k f) \in \mathbb{R}^{dim V} are the components vector of the dual vector given by VV in this basis, and the above gives the matrix multiplication form of the action

d ρ:v k↦t aρ a k lv l. d_\rho : v^k \mapsto t^a \rho_a{}^k{}_l v^l \,.

Notice for completeness that the equation (d ρ) 2=0(d_\rho)^2 = 0 is equivalent to the Jacobi identity of the Lie bracket and the action property of ρ\rho:

d ρd ρv k=(t a∧t bρ a k rρ b r l−12C a bct b∧t cρ a k l)v l. d_\rho d_\rho v^k = (t^a \wedge t^b \rho_a{}^k{}_r \rho_b{}^r{}_l - \frac{1}{2}C^a{}_{b c}t^b \wedge t^c \rho_a{}^k{}_l ) v^l \,.

These local formulas shall be useful below for recognizing from our general abstract definition of covariant derivative the formulas traditionally given in the literature. For that notice that in the above local coordinates further restricting attention to linear actions, the Weil algebra of the action Lie algebroid is given by

W(Lie(V//G))=(∧ C ∞(ℝ dimV) •(Γ(T *ℝ dimV)⊕𝔤 *⊕𝔤 *[1]),d W ρ) W(Lie(V//G)) = (\wedge^\bullet_{C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^{dim V})} ( \Gamma(T^* \mathbb{R}^{dim V}) \oplus \mathfrak{g}^* \oplus \mathfrak{g}^*[1]), d_{W_\rho})

where the differential is given on generators by

d W ρ:v k↦ρ a k lt a∧v l+d dRv k d_{W_\rho} : v^k \mapsto \rho_a{}^k{}_l t^a \wedge v^l + d_{dR} v^k

d W ρ:t a↦−12C a bct b∧t c+r a d_{W_\rho} : t^a \mapsto - \frac{1}{2} C^a{}_{b c} t^b \wedge t^c + r^a

and where the uniquely induced differential on the shifted generators – the one encoding Bianchi identities – is

d W ρ:d dRv k↦ρ a k kr a∧v l−ρ a k lt a∧d dRv l d_{W_\rho} : d_{dR} v^k \mapsto \rho_a{}^k{}_k r^a \wedge v^l - \rho_a{}^k{}_l t^a \wedge d_{dR} v^l

and

d W:r a↦C a bct b∧r c. d_{W} : r^a \mapsto C^a{}_{b c} t^b \wedge r^c \,.

Notice that we may identify the delooping Lie groupoid BG\mathbf{B}G of GG with the action groupoid of the trivial action on the point, BG≃*//G\mathbf{B}G \simeq *//G. On Lie algebroids this morphism is dually the inclusion

CE(Lie(V//G))←CE(𝔤) CE(Lie(V//G)) \leftarrow CE(\mathfrak{g})

that is the identity on 𝔤 *\mathfrak{g}^*.

Applications

• A covariant derivative is the 1-form curvature of Lie algebroid valued differential forms with values in an action Lie algebroid.

• equivariant de Rham cohomology

• action groupoid, homotopy quotient, Borel construction

• BRST complex