nitrogen (changes) in nLab

fields and particles in particle physics

and in the standard model of particle physics:

force field gauge bosons

• photon - electromagnetic field (abelian Yang-Mills field)

• W, Z, B-boson - electroweak field (Yang-Mills field)

• gluon - strong nuclear force (Yang-Mills field)

• graviton - field of gravity

• infraparticle

scalar bosons

• Higgs boson, inflaton (scalar field)

matter field fermions (spinors, Dirac fields)

flavors of fundamental fermions in the standard model of particle physics:
generation of fermions	1st generation	2nd generation	3d generation
quarks (qq)
up-type	up quark (uu)	charm quark (cc)	top quark (tt)
down-type	down quark (dd)	strange quark (ss)	bottom quark (bb)
leptons
charged	electron	muon	tauon
neutral	electron neutrino	muon neutrino	tau neutrino
bound states:
mesons	light mesons: pion (udu d) ρ-meson (udu d) ω-meson (udu d) f1-meson a1-meson	strange-mesons: ϕ-meson (ss¯s \bar s), kaon, K*-meson (usu s, dsd s) eta-meson (uu+dd+ssu u + d d + s s) charmed heavy mesons: D-meson (uc u c, dcd c, scs c) J/ψ-meson (cc¯c \bar c)	bottom heavy mesons: B-meson (qbq b) ϒ-meson (bb¯b \bar b)
baryons	nucleons: proton (uud)(u u d) neutron (udd)(u d d)

(also: antiparticles)

effective particles

• Goldstone bosons

hadrons (bound states of the above quarks)

• meson

  • scalar meson

    • σ-meson

    • pion

    • kaon

    • D-meson

    • B-meson

  • vector meson

    • ω-meson

    • ρ-meson

    • f1-meson

    • a1-meson

    • b1-meson

    • h1-meson

    • K*-meson

  • tensor meson

  • quarkonium

    • charmonium

    • ϒ-meson

• exotic meson

  • XYZ meson

  • tetraquark

• baryon

  • nucleon

    • proton

    • neutron

    • chemical element

      • carbon

      • nitrogen

  • Lambda baryon

  • pentaquark

solitons

• Skyrmion

• caloron

• instanton

in grand unified theory

• leptoquark

• Z'-boson

minimally extended supersymmetric standard model

superpartners

bosinos:

• gravitino - field of supergravity (Rarita-Schwinger field)

• gaugino - super Yang-Mills field

• gluino

sfermions:

• squark

dark matter candidates

• WIMP

• axion

Exotica

• preon

• graviphoton

• dilaton

• monopole

• dual graviton

• giant graviton

auxiliary fields

• ghost field

• antifield

• antighost field, Nakanishi-Lautrup field