CN100375683C - Energy feed back type electro magnetic shock attenuation device for vehicle suspension - Google Patents
- ️Wed Mar 19 2008
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- CN100375683C CN100375683C CNB2004100135772A CN200410013577A CN100375683C CN 100375683 C CN100375683 C CN 100375683C CN B2004100135772 A CNB2004100135772 A CN B2004100135772A CN 200410013577 A CN200410013577 A CN 200410013577A CN 100375683 C CN100375683 C CN 100375683C Authority
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- China Prior art keywords
- damping device
- vehicle suspension
- power converter
- negative pole
- vibration damping Prior art date
- 2004-02-23 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种车辆上使用的减振装置——车辆悬架用能量回馈型电磁减振装置。它包括直线发电机(1)、电力变换器(2)和能量存储单元(4)，直线发电机(1)的三相电流输出端连接在电力变换器(2)的三相电流输入端上，电力变换器(2)的输出端的正极和负极分别连接能量存储单元的正极和负极。本发明的减振装置在应用时，把直线发电机(1)的动子(1-1)固定连接在车辆的簧上质量处，把直线发电机(1)的定子(1-2)固定连接在车辆的簧下质量处。本发明使用直线发电机，构成一种车辆悬架用能量回馈型电磁减振装置，提高了悬架的减振性能，节约了能源。该减振装置既可以应用于车辆悬架，也可以应用于车辆座椅的减振。具有设计合理、结构简单和具有较大推广价值的优点。
The invention discloses a vibration damping device used on a vehicle—an energy feedback electromagnetic vibration damping device for a vehicle suspension. It includes a linear generator (1), a power converter (2) and an energy storage unit (4), and the three-phase current output terminal of the linear generator (1) is connected to the three-phase current input terminal of the power converter (2) , the positive pole and the negative pole of the output end of the power converter (2) are respectively connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of the energy storage unit. When the damping device of the present invention is applied, the mover (1-1) of the linear generator (1) is fixedly connected to the sprung mass of the vehicle, and the stator (1-2) of the linear generator (1) is fixed Attached to the unsprung mass of the vehicle. The invention uses a linear generator to form an energy feedback type electromagnetic damping device for a vehicle suspension, which improves the damping performance of the suspension and saves energy. The damping device can be applied not only to the vehicle suspension, but also to the vibration damping of the vehicle seat. The utility model has the advantages of reasonable design, simple structure and great popularization value.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种车辆上使用的减振装置。The invention relates to a vibration damping device used on a vehicle.
背景技术 Background technique
现有的车辆悬架系统可分为被动悬架、半主动悬架和主动悬架。被动悬架由于无需输入外部能量和结构简单等优点而获得广泛应用。目前使用最普遍的是单筒式液力减振器和套筒式液力减振器两种类型。这两种减振器在工作过程中不能调节阻尼大小，不能满足车辆悬架振动控制的特性要求。因此，被动悬架的减振效果较差。半主动悬架由可调弹簧或可调阻尼器构成，与全主动悬架相比，最大优点是工作几乎不消耗发动机的功率，结构简单，造价较低，因此受到广泛重视。主动悬架采用有源或无源可控元件组成一个闭环或开环的控制系统，根据车辆系统的运动状态和外部输入的变化(路面激励或驾驶员方向盘操作)做出反应，主动地调整和产生所需的控制力，使悬架始终处于最佳减振状态。目前，主动控制悬架系统主要以高压液体作为能量，根据其控制方式可分为流量控制型和压力控制型两类。虽然主动控制悬架系统已应用于实车，但其市场普及依然存在很大困难，这主要是由于现有的主动液力悬架结构复杂、成本高、耗能大。因此，研究被动阻尼和主动阻尼相结合的复合减振方法的主动悬架是减少能耗的途径之一。Existing vehicle suspension systems can be classified into passive suspension, semi-active suspension and active suspension. Passive suspension has been widely used due to the advantages of no need to input external energy and simple structure. At present, the most commonly used types are single cylinder hydraulic shock absorber and sleeve hydraulic shock absorber. These two kinds of shock absorbers cannot adjust the damping size during the working process, and cannot meet the characteristic requirements of vehicle suspension vibration control. Therefore, the vibration damping effect of the passive suspension is poor. The semi-active suspension is composed of adjustable springs or adjustable dampers. Compared with the full active suspension, the biggest advantage is that the work hardly consumes the power of the engine, the structure is simple, and the cost is low, so it is widely valued. Active suspension uses active or passive controllable components to form a closed-loop or open-loop control system, which responds to the movement state of the vehicle system and changes in external input (road excitation or driver steering wheel operation), actively adjusts and Generates the required control to keep the suspension in optimum vibration damping condition. At present, the active control suspension system mainly uses high-pressure fluid as energy, and can be divided into flow control type and pressure control type according to its control mode. Although the active control suspension system has been applied to real vehicles, there are still great difficulties in its market popularization, mainly due to the complex structure, high cost and high energy consumption of the existing active hydraulic suspension system. Therefore, it is one of the ways to reduce energy consumption to study the active suspension which is a compound damping method combining passive damping and active damping.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为了克服现有车辆悬架结构复杂、成本高、耗能大的缺陷，提供一种结构简单而且能把振动能转化为电能进行回馈的电磁减振装置。本发明通过下述方案实现：一种车辆悬架用能量回馈型电磁减振装置，它包括直线发电机1、电力变换器2和能量存储单元4，直线发电机1的三相电流输出端连接在电力变换器2的三相电流输入端上，电力变换器2的输出端的正极和负极分别连接能量存储单元4的正极和负极。电力变换器2由三相桥式整流电路2-1、电容C1、电感L1、电容C2、功率晶体管G、和二极管D1组成，三相桥式整流电路2-1的三个输入端分别连接在直线发电机1的三个输出端上，三相桥式整流电路2-1的正极输出端连电容C1的正极和电感L1的一端，电感L1的另端连二极管D1的正极和功率晶体管G的集电极，二极管D1的负极连电容C2的正极和能量存储单元4的正极，能量存储单元4的负极连电容C2的负极、功率晶体管G的发射极、电容C1的负极和三相桥式整流电路2-1的负极输出端。本发明的减振装置在应用时，把直线发电机1的动子1-1固定连接在车辆的簧上质量处，把直线发电机1的定子1-2固定连接在车辆的簧下质量处，如此设置当车辆在行驶时如发生振动，动子1-1和定子1-2就发生相对运动，从而转换出交流形式的电能，该交流电经电力变换器2转变为直流电存储在能量存储单元4中，动子1-1和定子1-2之间的电磁力对动子1-1和定子1-2之间的运动产生阻尼作用，因此能够减振。本发明减振器不需耗能而且能把电能反馈回车辆的蓄电池。本发明使用直线发电机，构成一种车辆悬架用能量回馈型电磁减振装置，提高了悬架的减振性能，节约了能源，并降低了悬架的成本。该减振装置既可以应用于车辆悬架，也可以应用于车辆座椅的减振。具有设计合理、结构简单和具有较大推广价值的优点。In order to overcome the defects of complex structure, high cost and high energy consumption of the existing vehicle suspension, an electromagnetic damping device with simple structure and capable of converting vibration energy into electric energy for feedback is provided. The present invention is realized through the following scheme: an energy feedback type electromagnetic damping device for vehicle suspension, which includes a linear generator 1, a power converter 2 and an energy storage unit 4, and the three-phase current output terminals of the linear generator 1 are connected to On the three-phase current input end of the power converter 2 , the positive pole and the negative pole of the output end of the power converter 2 are respectively connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of the energy storage unit 4 . The power converter 2 is composed of a three-phase bridge rectifier circuit 2-1, a capacitor C1, an inductor L1, a capacitor C2, a power transistor G, and a diode D1. The three input ends of the three-phase bridge rectifier circuit 2-1 are respectively connected to On the three output terminals of the linear generator 1, the positive output terminal of the three-phase bridge rectifier circuit 2-1 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C1 and one end of the inductor L1, and the other terminal of the inductor L1 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D1 and the terminal of the power transistor G The collector, the negative pole of the diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of the capacitor C2 and the positive pole of the energy storage unit 4, the negative pole of the energy storage unit 4 is connected to the negative pole of the capacitor C2, the emitter of the power transistor G, the negative pole of the capacitor C1 and the three-phase bridge rectifier circuit 2-1 negative output terminal. When the damping device of the present invention is applied, the mover 1-1 of the linear generator 1 is fixedly connected to the sprung mass of the vehicle, and the stator 1-2 of the linear generator 1 is fixedly connected to the unsprung mass of the vehicle. In this way, when the vehicle is running, if vibration occurs, the mover 1-1 and the stator 1-2 will move relative to each other, thereby converting electric energy in the form of AC, which will be converted into DC by the power converter 2 and stored in the energy storage unit In 4, the electromagnetic force between the mover 1-1 and the stator 1-2 produces a damping effect on the movement between the mover 1-1 and the stator 1-2, so vibration can be reduced. The shock absorber of the invention does not consume energy and can feed back electric energy to the storage battery of the vehicle. The invention uses a linear generator to form an energy feedback type electromagnetic damping device for a vehicle suspension, which improves the damping performance of the suspension, saves energy, and reduces the cost of the suspension. The damping device can be applied not only to the suspension of the vehicle, but also to the damping of the seat of the vehicle. The utility model has the advantages of reasonable design, simple structure and great popularization value.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图，图2是实施方式三和实施方式四的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiments 3 and 4.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：下面结合图1具体说明本实施方式。它由直线发电机1、电力变换器2和能量存储单元4组成，直线发电机1的三相电流输出端连接在电力变换器2的三相电流输入端上，电力变换器2的输出端的正极和负极分别连接能量存储单元4的正极和负极。直线发电机1为多相交流直线发电机，可以为多相永磁同步直线发电机或多相开关磁阻直线发电机或多相感应子式直线发电机。直线发电机1的多相交流输出引出线连接到电力变换器2的输入端，电力变换器2是采用交流—直流—直流的电能变换方式的电力电子装置，它先把直线发电机1的多相交流输出进行整流、滤波，变成某一电压的直流，然后利用DC/DC变换器把该直流电能转换为另一种电压、电流的直流电能输出给能量存储单元4，能量存储单元4为蓄电池或超级电容器，可将电能存储于其中。Specific Embodiment 1: The present embodiment will be specifically described below with reference to FIG. 1 . It consists of a linear generator 1, a power converter 2 and an energy storage unit 4. The three-phase current output terminal of the linear generator 1 is connected to the three-phase current input terminal of the power converter 2, and the positive pole of the output terminal of the power converter 2 and the negative pole are respectively connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of the energy storage unit 4 . The linear generator 1 is a multiphase AC linear generator, which may be a multiphase permanent magnet synchronous linear generator, a multiphase switched reluctance linear generator or a multiphase induction subtype linear generator. The multi-phase AC output leads of the linear generator 1 are connected to the input end of the power converter 2. The power converter 2 is a power electronic device that adopts the AC-DC-DC power conversion method. The phase-to-phase AC output is rectified and filtered to become a DC of a certain voltage, and then the DC power is converted into a DC power of another voltage and current by a DC/DC converter and output to the energy storage unit 4. The energy storage unit 4 is A battery or supercapacitor in which electrical energy is stored.
具体实施方式二：下面结合图1具体说明本实施方式。本实施方式与实施方式一的不同点是，它还包括控制单元3、载荷传感器5、加速度传感器6和位移传感器7，控制单元3的输出端连接在电力变换器2的控制端A上，控制单元3的三个输入端分别连接在载荷传感器5、加速度传感器6和位移传感器7的输出端上。其它组成和连接关系与实施方式一相同。本实施方式在应用时，载荷传感器5用于拾取车辆的载重量大小的信号，加速度传感器6用于拾取车辆的簧上质量相对于簧下质量运动的加速度信号，也就是拾取振动的加速度信号，位移传感器7拾取用于判断车辆振动的方向(如簧上质量是向下还是向上运动)的信号。根据车辆载重量大小、振动加速度和振动方向，通过控制单元3来调节电力变换器2向能量存储单元4蓄能的功率，从而能够调节直线发电机1中动子1-1和定子1-2之间的电磁力，也就相当于改变了减振器中阻尼力的大小，从而使减振效果更好。本发明悬架振动主动控制的基本思想是利用传感器连续检测车体、车轴的响应(位移、速度、加速度等)，将这些响应作为控制器的输入，用控制器的输出去控制作动机构，在车体和车轴间施加力或力矩，以满足一定的振动性能指标要求。Specific Embodiment 2: The present embodiment will be specifically described below with reference to FIG. 1 . The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that it also includes a control unit 3, a load sensor 5, an acceleration sensor 6, and a displacement sensor 7. The output terminal of the control unit 3 is connected to the control terminal A of the power converter 2, and the control unit The three input ends of the unit 3 are respectively connected to the output ends of the load sensor 5 , the acceleration sensor 6 and the displacement sensor 7 . Other components and connections are the same as those in Embodiment 1. When this embodiment is applied, the load sensor 5 is used to pick up the signal of the load capacity of the vehicle, and the acceleration sensor 6 is used to pick up the acceleration signal of the movement of the sprung mass of the vehicle relative to the unsprung mass, that is, pick up the acceleration signal of vibration, The displacement sensor 7 picks up a signal for judging the direction of the vehicle vibration (eg whether the sprung mass is moving downward or upward). According to the vehicle load, vibration acceleration and vibration direction, the control unit 3 adjusts the energy storage power of the power converter 2 to the energy storage unit 4, so that the mover 1-1 and the stator 1-2 in the linear generator 1 can be adjusted The electromagnetic force between them is equivalent to changing the damping force in the shock absorber, so that the vibration reduction effect is better. The basic idea of active suspension vibration control of the present invention is to utilize sensors to continuously detect the responses (displacement, speed, acceleration, etc.) of the vehicle body and axle, use these responses as the input of the controller, and use the output of the controller to control the actuating mechanism. Apply force or moment between the car body and the axle to meet certain vibration performance index requirements.
具体实施方式三：下面结合图2具体说明本实施方式。本实施方式与实施方式二的不同点是，电力变换器2由三相桥式整流电路2-1、电容C1、电感L1、电容C2、功率晶体管G、和二极管D1组成，三相桥式整流电路2-1的三个输入端分别连接在直线发电机1的三个输出端上，三相桥式整流电路2-1的正极输出端连电容C1的正极和电感L1的一端，电感L1的另一端连二极管D1的正极和功率晶体管G的集电极，二极管D1的负极连电容C2的正极和能量存储单元4的正极，能量存储单元4的负极连电容C2的负极、功率晶体管G的发射极、电容C1的负极和三相桥式整流电路2-1的负极输出端。本实施方式中，电力变换器2把直线发电机上产生的交流电转变成直流电，通过在功率晶体管G的基极加控制信号来调节输出的电压从而完成对直线发电机1的反馈控制。其它组成和连接关系与具体实施方式二相同。Specific Embodiment Three: The present embodiment will be specifically described below in conjunction with FIG. 2 . The difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the power converter 2 is composed of a three-phase bridge rectifier circuit 2-1, a capacitor C1, an inductor L1, a capacitor C2, a power transistor G, and a diode D1. The three-phase bridge rectifier The three input terminals of the circuit 2-1 are respectively connected to the three output terminals of the linear generator 1, the positive output terminal of the three-phase bridge rectifier circuit 2-1 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C1 and one end of the inductor L1, and the terminal of the inductor L1 The other end is connected to the positive pole of the diode D1 and the collector of the power transistor G, the negative pole of the diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of the capacitor C2 and the positive pole of the energy storage unit 4, and the negative pole of the energy storage unit 4 is connected to the negative pole of the capacitor C2 and the emitter of the power transistor G , the negative pole of the capacitor C1 and the negative pole output terminal of the three-phase bridge rectifier circuit 2-1. In this embodiment, the power converter 2 converts the alternating current generated by the linear generator into direct current, and adjusts the output voltage by adding a control signal to the base of the power transistor G to complete the feedback control of the linear generator 1 . Other compositions and connections are the same as those in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式四：下面结合图2具体说明本实施方式。本实施方式与实施方式三的不同点是，控制单元3由微处理器3-1和驱动电路3-2组成，微处理器3-1的三个输入端分别连载荷传感器5、加速度传感器6和位移传感器7的输出端，微处理器3-1的输出端连驱动电路3-2的输入端，驱动电路3-2的输出端连功率晶体管G的基极。控制单元3采用脉宽调制方式控制功率晶体管G的断与通，采用由传感器拾取车身绝对速度、或车身对车轴的相对速度、车身的加速度等信号，经8位或16位微处理器发出指令执行实时控制，利用控制单元3中的控制算法去控制电力变换器2，把发电机发出的电能回馈到能量存储单元4中，并通过控制发电机输出功率的大小，能够间接控制减振所需衰减力的大小，以达到减振的目的。Specific Embodiment 4: The present embodiment will be specifically described below with reference to FIG. 2 . The difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that the control unit 3 is composed of a microprocessor 3-1 and a drive circuit 3-2, and the three input terminals of the microprocessor 3-1 are connected with the load sensor 5 and the acceleration sensor 6 respectively. and the output end of the displacement sensor 7, the output end of the microprocessor 3-1 is connected to the input end of the driving circuit 3-2, and the output end of the driving circuit 3-2 is connected to the base of the power transistor G. The control unit 3 adopts the pulse width modulation method to control the on and off of the power transistor G, and uses the sensor to pick up signals such as the absolute speed of the vehicle body, or the relative speed of the vehicle body to the axle, and the acceleration of the vehicle body, and sends instructions through an 8-bit or 16-bit microprocessor Execute real-time control, use the control algorithm in the control unit 3 to control the power converter 2, feed back the electric energy from the generator to the energy storage unit 4, and indirectly control the vibration reduction required by controlling the output power of the generator The size of the damping force, in order to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction.
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与实施方式三的不同点是，所述功率晶体管G选用绝缘栅双极晶体管IGBT、场效应管MOSFET或大功率三极管GTR等。其它组成和连接关系与实施方式三相同。Embodiment 5: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that the power transistor G is an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, a field effect transistor MOSFET, or a high-power triode GTR. Other components and connections are the same as those in the third embodiment.
Claims (6)
1. a vehicle suspension is with energy feedback type electromagnetic vibration damping device, it is characterized in that it comprises linear electric generator (1), power converter (2) and energy storage units (4), the three phase current mouth of linear electric generator (1) is connected on the three phase current input end of power converter (2), and the positive pole of the mouth of power converter (2) and negative pole are connected the positive pole and the negative pole of energy storage units (4) respectively; Power converter (2) is by three-phase bridge rectifier circuit (2-1), capacitor C 1, inductance L 1, capacitor C 2, power transistor G, form with diode D1, three input ends of three-phase bridge rectifier circuit (2-1) are connected on three mouths of linear electric generator (1), the cathode output end of three-phase bridge rectifier circuit (2-1) connects the positive pole of capacitor C 1 and an end of inductance L 1, the other end of inductance L 1 connects the positive pole of diode D1 and the collecting electrode of power transistor G, the negative pole of diode D1 connects the positive pole of capacitor C 2 and the positive pole of energy storage units (4), and the negative pole of energy storage units (4) connects the negative pole of capacitor C 2, the emitter of power transistor G, the cathode output end of the negative pole of capacitor C 1 and three-phase bridge rectifier circuit (2-1).
2. vehicle suspension according to claim 1 is characterized in that with energy feedback type electromagnetic vibration damping device linear electric generator (1) is polyphase ac linear electric generator, multi-phase permanent synchronous linear electrical generator, heterogeneous switching magnetic-resistance linear electric generator or polyphase induction minor linear electric generator.
3. vehicle suspension according to claim 1 is characterized in that with energy feedback type electromagnetic vibration damping device energy storage units (4) is storage battery or ultracapacitor.
4. vehicle suspension according to claim 1 energy feedback type electromagnetic vibration damping device, it is characterized in that it also comprises control unit (3), load transducer (5), acceleration pick-up (6) and displacement pickup (7), the mouth of control unit (3) is connected on the control end A of power converter (2), and three input ends of control unit (3) are connected on the mouth of load transducer (5), acceleration pick-up (6) and displacement pickup (7).
5. vehicle suspension according to claim 1 energy feedback type electromagnetic vibration damping device, it is characterized in that control unit (3) is made up of microprocessor (3-1) and driving circuit (3-2), three input ends of microprocessor (3-1) are published in instalments the mouth of lotus sensor (5), acceleration pick-up (6) and displacement pickup (7) respectively, the mouth of microprocessor (3-1) connects the input end of driving circuit (3-2), and the mouth of driving circuit (3-2) connects the base stage of power transistor G.
6. vehicle suspension according to claim 1 is characterized in that with energy feedback type electromagnetic vibration damping device described power transistor G selects large power triode for use.
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| CNB2004100135772A CN100375683C (en) | 2004-02-23 | 2004-02-23 | Energy feed back type electro magnetic shock attenuation device for vehicle suspension |
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