CN101069871A - City life-garbage automatic sorting system and apparatus of becoming garbage into resource and without harm - Google Patents

The present invention relates to an automatic separation system for making urban domestic refuse be changed into reusable resorce and making harmless treatment. Said system includes the following several portions: partition grille, chute, charging conveying machine, three-stage drum sieve composed of water-washing drum sieve, bag-breaking drum sieve and sorting drum sieve, flexible material conveying machine, undersieve belt conveyer, whirlpool separator, main belt, main water tank, rear-mounted water tank, double-layer vibration sieve, magnetic separator and desinty separator, etc.

Domestic waste resource, innoxious automatic sorting system and equipment thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to a kind of system and equipment thereof of disposal of refuse, particularly relate to a kind of domestic waste resource, innoxious automatic sorting system and equipment thereof.

Background technology

The resource of domestic waste, harmless treatment for improving people's living environment, reduce the wasting of resources, developing a circular economy, all have crucial meaning.

In recent years, the recycling of house refuse reason is more and more paid attention in countries in the world.And comprehensive sorting utilizes technology, is the main means of garbage as resource.Yet always there is some problem more or less in present domestic domestic garbage integrated separating technology.There is the difficult guarantee of sanitary condition in artificial separation, pollutes scabrous problem; Though dry type mechanical sorting+artificial separation method sharpness of separation height, reduced the chance that the people contacts with rubbish, dust and the waste liquor contamination that still can't avoid rubbish to produce; Though existing wet method mechanical sorting technology has been avoided contamination by dust to a certain extent, have that structure is too simple, the efficiency of separation and a lower problem of sharpness of separation, and the anti-pollution measure imperfection, be easy to generate water pollution problems.Therefore, seek the sorting consumer waste technology of a kind of high efficiency, systematization, automation, high accuracy, low cost, ecology, just becoming a kind of the pressing for that countries in the world solve the house refuse problem.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of domestic waste resource, innoxious automatic sorting system and equipment thereof, it carries out sorting with collecting the domestic waste that the composition of returning is various, attribute is complicated, not of uniform size, dried wet mixing is closed in the city.

The present invention is achieved in that a kind of domestic waste resource, innoxious automatic sorting system, this separation system comprises following equipment: barrier, chute, last material conveyer, by the washing rotary screen, three grades the rotary screen that the broken bag rotary screen becomes with the separating cylinder screen banks, flexible thing conveyer, sieve is belt feeder down, vortex sorting machine, main belt, main water box, grid conveyer by two-stage, the finger of two-stage is chosen machine, the rearmounted water tank that the blower fan of one-level and the wired belt conveyer of one-level are formed, double-deck screen shale shaker, strong magnetic roller, the spring machine, the density separation machine, described wet concentration rotary screen sub-elects silt, flexible thing conveyer sub-elects the flexible barcode thing, bulk noncombustibility is selected in the separating cylinder screening, blower fan sub-elects light bulk noncombustibility, foamed material and plastic bottle, the bulk noncombustibility separating sieve sub-elects landfill material and organic matter, vortex sorting machine sub-elects non-ferrous metal and ferrous metal, and main water box sub-elects weight and silt, weight and silt during secondary water tank sub-elects, the grid conveyer sub-elects light thing, refer to that choosing machine sub-elects flexible block, wired belt conveyer sub-elects organic matter, and the magnetic roller sub-elects magnetic thing and nonmagnetics, double-deck screen shale shaker sub-elects the fritter thing, middle piece thing, ferrous metal and glass, spring machine or density separation machine sub-elect organic matter and landfill material.

Chute in the system is made up of the cell body, the barrier that separates Bulky Waste, gate, the transfer that store with carrying rubbish, described cell body tilting rack is located at natural slope, the cross section of cell body is " U " shape, the cross section size of cell body from top to bottom can be shunk gradually, cell body divides feed zone, storing section and discharging section, barrier is arranged on the import department of feed zone, gate is arranged between storing section and the discharging section, and the front of gate is provided with the transfer that the rubbish supply can be switched between two production lines.

Flexible thing conveyer in the system comprises drum apparatus and is arranged at the conveying device composition at drum apparatus center, described conveying device is provided with the cutting knife of dialling bar and being used to cut off flexible thing, conveying device is made up of the some groups of bars of installing on conveyer belt, the drive that drives conveyer belt and the conveyer belt, and cutting knife is fixed in the side of conveyer belt head.

Grid conveyer belt in the system is made up of the some grid assemblies that are connected at least two driving-chains and the parallel driving-chain chain, compositions that be superimposed with each other before and after the grid assembly, and grid assembly is by revolving axle and being fixed in the some longitudinal rods that revolve on the axle and forming.

Secondary water tank in the system, comprise water tank, water tank inner transverse face is provided with a baffle plate, bottom shelf along water tank is provided with a conveyer with middle weight output, conveyer is formed V-shaped by head section and rear, the head section is positioned at the bottom of water tank, and rear is positioned on the inclined-plane of water tank, and described head section becomes 100～140 ° with the angle of rear.

Finger in the system is chosen machine and is made up of rod, driving-belt and the drive of needle-like, rod is fixed on the driving-belt, the head end of rod is fixed on the driving-belt, tail end is provided with ball bead, rod is straight fork-shaped, staight needle shape, curved fork-shaped, short hook-type, driving-belt is by five drive transmissions, two drives wherein and driving-belt are in transmission connection and form rod upwards, two drives wherein and driving-belt are in transmission connection and form rod or left to the right, and two drives wherein and the driving-belt formation rod that is in transmission connection is downward.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by reasonable disposition various treating apparatus, they are formed the production line of a continuous-flow type, improved production efficiency greatly, reduced production cost, reached resource, harmless treatment, provide raw material for further transforming, utilize the utilized composition in the rubbish to rubbish, and in assorting room, the harmful components in the rubbish are removed, avoid environment and human body are worked the mischief.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of chute of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the flexible thing conveyer of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of grid conveyer of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the secondary water tank of the present invention;

Fig. 6 refers to the structural representation of the machine of choosing for the present invention.

Annotate: be rearmounted water tank in the frame of broken lines among Fig. 1.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail:

At first system of the present invention is described in detail, as shown in Figure 1, this separation system comprises following equipment: barrier, chute, last material conveyer, by the washing rotary screen, three grades the rotary screen that the broken bag rotary screen becomes with the separating cylinder screen banks, flexible thing conveyer, sieve is belt feeder down, vortex sorting machine, main belt, main water box, grid conveyer by two-stage, the finger of two-stage is chosen machine, the rearmounted water tank that the blower fan of one-level and the wired belt conveyer of one-level are formed, double-deck screen shale shaker, strong magnetic roller, the spring machine, the density separation machine, described wet concentration rotary screen sub-elects silt, flexible thing conveyer sub-elects the flexible barcode thing, bulk noncombustibility is selected in the separating cylinder screening, blower fan sub-elects light bulk noncombustibility, foamed material and plastic bottle, the bulk noncombustibility separating sieve sub-elects landfill material and organic matter, and vortex sorting machine sub-elects non-ferrous metal and ferrous metal, main water box sub-elects weight and silt, weight and silt during secondary water tank sub-elects, the grid conveyer sub-elects light thing, refers to choose machine and sub-elects flexible block, wired belt conveyer sub-elects organic matter, the magnetic roller sub-elects magnetic thing and nonmagnetics, and double-deck screen shale shaker sub-elects the fritter thing, middle piece thing, ferrous metal and glass, spring machine or density separation machine sub-elect organic matter and landfill material.

Transport next house refuse from gathering station, directly topple over from preliminary treatment chute top, the furniture of super large spare, household electrical appliances, the residual body of trees, big part packing case etc. by the barrier of chute top every living, barrier is square circular or polygonal hole, diameter or width are 500mm～1200mm, can't enter chute greater than the rubbish of this yardstick.Super large spare rubbish on the barrier is cleared up with manipulator, keeps the mediation of barrier.Super large spare rubbish can also be told and can utilize thing and landfill material by simply manually disassembling, sorting.

After rubbish entered the preliminary treatment chute of sealing, biological fluids was sterilized through spraying, dedusting, ozonization, deodorizing, and multiple tracks pretreatment process such as ultraviolet sterilization slide to the bottom along the chute that tilts, and the shunting track through the chute bottom enters material conveyer.

One preliminary treatment chute can hold the house refuse of 200～1000t, has the function of conveying and temporary house refuse.According to actual needs, can increase the quantity of chute, to hold more rubbish.

It is higher that the discharge end of last material conveyer is liftoff, connects one-level washing rotary screen.The domestic waste that complicated component, not of uniform size, dried wet mixing are closed is brought into one-level washing rotary screen by last material conveyer, the sieve aperture internal diameter of rotary screen has only 6-15mm, have only general dust, silt etc. to pass through, and disposed axial sparge pipe in the cylinder, can spray biological solution on the way, dust, silt and current blend together the silt pulp-water, see through the bucket that grafts clay that sieve aperture falls into the cylinder below, deliver to the waste water control system by the below pipeline then and carry out purified treatment.

Also be equipped with many broken bag cuttves on the one-level rotary screen inwall, bagged garbage rolls in cylinder, and continuous and broken bag cutter bumps, and be scattered in the cylinder after refuse bag breaks, and the cylinder band that has line in the spiral that is tilted is to outlet.

Also be equipped with the flexible stick conveying device of axial setting in the one-level cylinder, the flexible strip thing that falls in rolling, flexible block " can be caught ", and band is to flexible stick outlet, flexible stick owner will have packing rope, cotton-wadded quilt, cloth, plastic tape, the residual body of vegetation etc., this type of rubbish contains higher calorific value, can be used as further production RDF derive material or broken raw material as glued board.

Through the rubbish of biological solution spray, dust and harmful bacteria reduce greatly, are beneficial to further sorting utilization, the protection environment.

Rubbish from the one-level drum outlet comes out enters the secondary rotary screen by " U " shape chute, is furnished with broken bag cutter and flexible stick output device (sparge pipe can be set) in the secondary rotary screen equally.Further by broken bag, further told by flexible stick at this for rubbish.The sieve aperture internal diameter of secondary cylinder is between the 40-200mm, sees through under the sieve that sieve aperture drops on the cylinder below on the belt feeder less than the rubbish of this internal diameter; Greater than the rubbish of this internal diameter with the cylinder band that is rotated to outlet.

Rubbish from the secondary cylinder comes out enters three grades of rotary screens by " U " shape chute, and three grades of rotary screens can not be provided with the collection of flexible strip thing and conveying device and sparge pipe.Inwall has many broken bag cuttves, and sieve aperture is bigger, and internal diameter is 200mm～400mm, sees through under the sieve that sieve aperture drops on the cylinder below on the belt feeder less than the rubbish of this internal diameter; Fall into the bulk noncombustibility sorting band of outlet below from drum outlet greater than the rubbish of this internal diameter, this type of rubbish falls into before the bulk noncombustibility sorting band, be placed in three grades of rotary screens and export the blower fan cross blowing of a side, the less bulk noncombustibility (as foam-plastic blocks etc.) of density falls into main belt, and the bulk noncombustibility that density is bigger falls into bulk noncombustibility sorting band.

Drop on the rubbish on the bulk noncombustibility sorting band, further be categorized into organic matter and landfill material.The bulk organic matter is sent to and squeezes broken machine and squeeze and be broken into fritter, sends fermentation vat then to and ferments, as the raw material of making biological organic fertilizer; Landfill material is sent to landfill yard.

Be positioned at belt feeder under the sieve of secondary, three grades of cylinders below, the rubbish that will be positioned at from the particle diameter the rotary screen upward filtration under between 10-300mm receives, and is with to main belt.In the discharge end of belt, the drive roll eddy current sorting unit is set under sieve, rubbish further is categorized into, non-ferrous metal (aluminium, copper etc.), ferrous metal (iron or iron compound) and Other Waste.Because component of refuse and attribute are comparatively complicated, still may contain heavier iron, copper product or battery in the Other Waste.

Drop on the main belt from sieving down the Other Waste that belt feeder branches away,, sent to main water box by main belt with the bulk light materials that three grades of drum outlets are selected through blower fan wind-force.

Main water box is equipped with water spray and breaks up many covers sparge pipe of rubbish function, when rubbish falls from main belt, rubbish during the current that added biological inoculum will fall with the angle on being tilted to is broken up, breaking water level then, water impact under being tilted to again afterwards, floating rubbish is pressed in the water again, the staggered current of multiply are fully broken up rubbish, and owing to the density difference is distributed in different water layers: glass, brick, stone, remaining metal, weights such as old and useless battery are because density is bigger, be sunken under water, and taken out of from water tank bottom transverse to the one-level wired belt conveyer of water (flow) direction; Middle weight, organic block, organic granular, cloth, cotton-wool etc. are suspension or half floating shape to move downstream under flow action; Plastic bottle, plastic foil, foamed plastics etc. are floating shape and move downstream.

The current that added biological inoculum have the effect of sterilization, sterilization to rubbish, avoid the harm to environment and human body.

The weight of being taken out of from the bottom by wired belt conveyer, the strong magnetic roller that is transferred the band discharge end is further classified: (1) magnetisable material (battery of ferrous metal, band iron sheet etc.) falls into the double-deck screen shale shaker of below, is divided into ferrous metal, middle piece thing (the large size battery is main), fritter thing (small cell is main) 3 class materials then; (2) namagnetic substance falls on another double-deck screen shale shaker, is classified into masonry glass and middle piece thing (stone, leatheroid large size battery), fritter thing (stone, leatheroid small cell) 3 class materials then.Masonry glass can be further broken, is used for as the raw material of making the environmental protection brick.Remaining mud, fine sand may silt main water box up through long precipitation in the rubbish, therefore need regular discharge pipeline by the main water box bottom to carry out spoil disposal, and slime water is transported to sewage disposal system by pipeline and handles.

Middle weight in the main water box, suspension, floating thing continue drift forward under flow action, enter secondary water tank, the middle weight that density is bigger precipitates, and the secondary wired belt conveyer transverse to water (flow) direction that is placed in water tank bottom is sent water tank, deliver to the sorting of spring machine, be divided into organic matter and landfill material.Organic matter can further be squeezed broken and be sent to fermenting tank for fermentation, as the raw material of producing biological organic fertilizer.Can not be generally waste and old belt, rubber, shoes etc. by crowded broken impurity can not rotten organic matter, can with the flexible stick told in the aforementioned cylinder together, broken back produces derive material or make glued board of RDF.

Showy rubbish in the current and remaining suspension rubbish continue to go downstream, and enter rearmounted water tank.Rearmounted water tank is long than main water box and secondary water tank, and gradient type is furnished with that one-level grid conveyer, secondary grid conveyer, one-level refer to choose machine, secondary refers to choose machine and three grades of wired belt conveyers in the water.

From the current that main water box is come, cross the transverse grid conveyer that level (or inclination) is placed from upstream flow all, showy rubbish in the water and particle diameter are are all successively intercepted and captured by two conveyers greater than the block suspension of 20mm, send outside the water tank.Below the discharging opening of conveyer, be equipped with blower fan, the effect of wind-engaging power, the foamed plastics on the grid conveyer, plastic bottle and partly plastic film are separated; Material remaining on the conveyer is sent to the density separation machine, further is divided into organic matter and landfill material.Organic matter can further carry out fragmentation, delivers to fermenting tank for fermentation, as the raw material of biological organic fertilizer.

Contain the current that remain rubbish and continue to flow to the downstream, successively refer to choose machine through two-stage.So far, the flexible block of " slipping through the net " in the water, bar (being mainly cloth, cotton-wool, plastic foil etc.) almost completely are separated.Flexible block can further be sent to cleaning and dewater, the further utilization of do of packing then (production RDF derives and expects or the making glued board).The sewage that cleaning and dehydration produce is delivered to sewage disposal system by pipeline and carries out purified treatment.

At rearmounted water tank latter end, only there is a small amount of particle diameter not separated less than suspension and the floating thing of 20mm.The water tank latter end is provided with wind force device, and wind force device is provided with the wind conveying pipe transverse to the water surface.Under the wind-force effect, the small particle that flies at the water surface is gathered and is blown out water tank, falls into feeder.

At last, remaining suspension precipitates at static relatively rearmounted water tank latter end, and by longitudinally to water to tilted-putted wired belt conveyer from sending under water, this part rubbish nearly all is organic matter.Can directly send to fermentation vat behind the elimination moisture, also filtered water branch not, and directly as the methane-generating pit raw material.

The whole sorting decorum has 23 outlets, is divided into 9 kinds and can utilizes thing, a kind of landfill material, 4 kinds of nuisances, but 2 kinds of manual sorting's things.

What produce in the assorting room can not utilize thing all to be sent to landfill yard to carry out sanitary landfills, and nuisances such as refuse battery are sent to the harmless treatment center or carry out security landfill.

Sewage that produces in the assorting room or slime water all are sent to sewage disposal system and carry out purified treatment; this system is a kind of composite artificial marsh sewage treatment system; sewage after the processing can reach national secondary discharge standard; can directly discharge or continue to be used in the refuse classification process as recycle-water, realize recycling, economize on resources, protect environment.

The present invention all adopts central control system to control, connects to produce and monitoring system, and security and automaticity height, good teamwork between each mechanical device, coordination, efficient do not need the workman directly to contact rubbish basically.

Method of the present invention can be carried out dedusting, deodorizing, sterilization with crude waste; Crude waste can be carried out broken bag, broken bag efficient reaches 95%; Rubbish after the broken bag can be carried out scientific classification, refuse classification is become can rotten organic matter, can not rotten organic matter, more than ten kind of materials such as ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal, plastics, masonry glass, flexible stick, few Bulky Waste, silt, refuse battery and landfill material, automatically the broken bag rate reaches 95%, automatically sorting index reaches 100%, and the average resolution rate reaches 85%.

Below the capital equipment in the system of the present invention is described in detail:

Cell body is set up in geological conditions preferably on the ground 4 (hillside fields), has utilized natural conditions, has reduced the occupation of land space.Selected hillside fields vertical height is generally 18 meters, and the angle of inclination is 45 °, and ground 4 massifs should be taked anti-landslide measure.

The reinforced concrete structure of the employing high strength of cell body, anticorrosion, antiseep, and be erected on some reinforced concrete columns that go deep into ground.The cross sectional shape of cell body is " U " font, because the inwall of cell body does not have water caltrop, therefore is difficult for accumulation rubbish.The bottom surface of cell body adopts the anticorrosion of bulk, the ceramic tile or the artificial marble of abrasion-proof to be paved into, and the surface that ceramic tile is smooth helps the smooth landing of rubbish.

" U " tee section of cell body is generally taked the form of from top to bottom shrinking gradually, and rubbish draws at discharging section like this, to concentrate rubbish is discharged.Certainly the cross section size of cell body from top to bottom can be amplified or be constant.

Grid conveyer as shown in Figure 4, closed annular link chain 27 is installed the grid assembly 28 of rake shape, each pitch chain is installed a grid assembly 28, and the tail end of previous grid assembly 28 overlays the head end (being " dominoes " shape) of a back grid assembly 28, forms a transporting flat.

Be installed in two chains, 27 centres by some grid assemblies 28 by revolving axle, and stack from beginning to end, on transporting flat, form conveyer belt with a lot of grids.The benefit of this structure is in convey materials, can filter out some smallclothes materials.Therefore do not have the dead angle between the grid assembly 28, front and back grid assembly 28 always is in a kind of active state, can not form debris accumulation or obstruction between two-layer up and down.

Grid assembly 28 revolves axle by one and four longitudinal rods are formed.Longitudinal rod is vertically fixed on and revolves on the axle, forms the rake shape.Offer breach above the longitudinal rod front end of grid assembly 28, offer down breach below its rear end.When the front and back longitudinal rod stacked, the rear end of last longitudinal rod overlayed on the last breach of back one longitudinal rod.

As shown in Figure 5, the effect of secondary water tank is to separate proportion at 1～2 middle weight (proportion of light thing is less than 1).It is arranged in the next process of main water box.

Water tank 33 is made up of the steel plate of welding all around.Water tank 33 the right are designed to stairstepping, and stairstepping helps the separation of weight thing.The V-arrangement shape that the bottom design of water tank 33 is angled.

The cross-section of water tank 33 inside is provided with a baffle plate, and baffle plate makes light thing 31 be confined to a side of water tank 33.Current go downstream, and material only moves in water (flow) direction, makes light thing 31 not be transferred machine and takes out of.Just can not mix again when weight 32 is exported the waters surface like this with light thing.

A conveyer 30 is set up in the bottom of water tank 1, this conveyer 30 and bottom similar shape, and its angle is 130 °, realistic requirement.

The length of water tank 1 is 150 meters, and width is 12 meters, and highly (degree of depth) is 15 meters.Owing to highly directly have influence on the layout angle and the fuselage length of conveyer 30, so the degree of depth is preferably in about 15 meters.Neither influence the length of conveyer, weight 32 and light thing 31 does not separate in not influencing yet.

As shown in Figure 6, referring to choose machine mainly is made up of rod 35, driving-belt 36 and drive 37.

Belt drives the rod 35 reverse drainage flow directions that are displaced into, and when below rod 35 moves to tank, rod 35 is provoked flexible thing 38.When rod 35 moved to the top of gathering-device 39, rod 35 vertically downward.At this moment moisture flexible thing 38 breaks away from rod under the effect of gravity, fall into flexible thing gathering-device 39 (chute or grid conveyer belt).

Because rod 35 is forked, staight needle shape directly, curved forked or lack hook-shaped, its end is the ball bead of smooth ball-point pen type, in the time of can preventing that flexible thing is brought to the level top, is punctured by sharp keen tip, flexible thing is hung on the rod, prevents that flexible thing from can not fall into gathering-device smoothly.Rod is made with metal or nonmetallic materials firm, waterproof, enables to provoke heavier flexible thing.

Needle-like rod 35 compartment of terrains are installed on the belt, adjacent two row needle-like rods, and density, fineness and shape can be different; And in same row rod, its density, fineness and shape also can be different, help the picking of the flexible thing of fritter.