CN101498468A - Intelligent monitoring system for boiler and heat exchange station - Google Patents

本发明涉及锅炉及换热站智能监控系统及其方法，属于生产监控与安全管理技术领域，该系统由中央控制室主系统和分别与该中央控制室主系统相连的锅炉监控子系统和多个换热站监控子系统组成。该方法包括：实时采集和传输现场的参数和视频信号，进行转换与压缩后，传输给中央控制室各主机；各主机对接收到的信息进行智能分析、动态显示、预警报警和管理综合处理，并将控制指令传输到各监控子系统实施控制，各监控子系统可与中央控制室协同监控或独立监控完成各子系统的自动控制。本发明可完成大型锅炉或锅炉群及热网系统实时动态的智能控制、预警报警、安全管理、自动化监控，具有节能降耗及综合分析，安全、稳定、经济运行的特点。

The invention relates to an intelligent monitoring system and method for boilers and heat exchange stations, belonging to the technical field of production monitoring and safety management. The composition of the monitoring subsystem of the heat exchange station. The method includes: collecting and transmitting field parameters and video signals in real time, converting and compressing them, and transmitting them to the hosts in the central control room; each host performs intelligent analysis, dynamic display, early warning and alarm, and comprehensive management of the received information. And the control instructions are transmitted to each monitoring subsystem for control, and each monitoring subsystem can cooperate with the central control room to monitor or independently monitor to complete the automatic control of each subsystem. The invention can realize real-time dynamic intelligent control, early warning and alarm, safety management and automatic monitoring of large boilers or boiler groups and heating network systems, and has the characteristics of energy saving, consumption reduction, comprehensive analysis, safe, stable and economical operation.

锅炉及换热站智能监控系统 Boiler and heat exchange station intelligent monitoring system

技术领域 technical field

本发明属于生产监控与管理技术领域，特别涉及锅炉及换热站运行的实时动态智能监控方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of production monitoring and management, in particular to a real-time dynamic intelligent monitoring method for the operation of boilers and heat exchange stations.

技术背景 technical background

集中供热系统是一个多变量、强耦合、强干扰、大滞后的复杂过程系统，其结构复杂，设备众多，其中，锅炉、锅炉至换热站内换热器的管道网络及其附属设备(如传感器、控制器、执行器、变频器、风机、阀门和水泵等)构成一次系统，换热器至热用户的管道网络及其附属设备构成二次系统，风机、炉排和水泵等设备是锅炉的重要组成部分，鼓风机将空气送入炉膛，炉排将煤送入炉膛进行燃烧，引风机将产生烟气排出炉体，循环泵实现水在管道网络的循环，补水泵在系统缺水时进行补水工作，锅炉及换热站是集中供热系统最主要、最关键的部分。随着集中供热规模不断增大，供暖系统耗能高、热网水平失调、事故风险大等问题日益突出。尤其是大中型集中供热系统，锅炉组数多，换热站分布广，负荷影响因素多。热网水平失调，室内竖向失调现象，即各栋建筑物之间与供热各楼层之间供热的水力和热力失衡现象极为普遍，使得许多供热系统处于大流量、低温差的工况运行，导致大量能源浪费。当室外气温变化及不同时段对热量需求不同时，即负荷变化，需及时调整锅炉的供热输出，以达到节能目的；当锅炉出现缺水或热网水量发生泄漏时，需及时停止锅炉或关闭相应阀门，但传统的监控方式不能实时、全面、准确地综合各类信息进行分析，难以及时正确的评估热量需求变化以及锅炉和换热站的运作情况，因而造成无法及时合理的调节供热输出，排查故障困难，系统运行风险高。传统的锅炉控制中，使用风门档板及阀门来控制鼓风机、引风机、补水泵及循环泵的流量，由于风机、泵类的转速不能随负载变化进行及时调整，造成能耗高、设备损耗大。同时，由于缺乏对锅炉及热网系统各关键点运行状态的实时全面监控与安全分析，对系统中出现的故障或危险也无法得到及时报警和处理。当热网负载增大到需要多台锅炉协同监控时，仅靠人工控制或锅炉本体的控制更难以实现整体系统的稳定、经济运行。在这种情况下，要维持整个锅炉及供热系统长周期、经济、稳定的运行非常困难，难以控制供热质量和节能的目的，无法实现整个供热系统最优工况的平稳安全运行。The central heating system is a complex process system with multiple variables, strong coupling, strong interference, and large lag. Its structure is complex and there are many equipments. Sensors, controllers, actuators, frequency converters, fans, valves and pumps, etc.) constitute the primary system, and the pipeline network from the heat exchanger to the heat user and its auxiliary equipment constitute the secondary system. Equipment such as fans, grates and water pumps are boilers. The air blower sends air into the furnace, the grate sends coal into the furnace for combustion, the induced draft fan will generate flue gas out of the furnace body, the circulation pump realizes the circulation of water in the pipeline network, and the water supply pump performs when the system is short of water. Water replenishment work, boilers and heat exchange stations are the most important and critical parts of the central heating system. As the scale of central heating continues to increase, problems such as high energy consumption of the heating system, imbalance of heating network levels, and high risk of accidents have become increasingly prominent. Especially for large and medium-sized central heating systems, the number of boiler groups is large, the heat exchange stations are widely distributed, and there are many factors affecting the load. The horizontal imbalance of the heating network and the indoor vertical imbalance, that is, the hydraulic and thermal imbalance of heating between buildings and heating floors are very common, making many heating systems in the working condition of large flow and low temperature difference operation, resulting in a large waste of energy. When the outdoor temperature changes and the demand for heat in different periods is different, that is, the load changes, it is necessary to adjust the heating output of the boiler in time to achieve the purpose of energy saving; when the boiler is short of water or the water in the heating network leaks, it is necessary to stop the boiler or close it in time Corresponding valves, but the traditional monitoring method cannot analyze all kinds of information in real time, comprehensively and accurately, and it is difficult to timely and correctly evaluate the changes in heat demand and the operation of boilers and heat exchange stations, resulting in the inability to adjust the heat supply output in a timely and reasonable manner , Troubleshooting is difficult, and the risk of system operation is high. In traditional boiler control, damper baffles and valves are used to control the flow of blowers, induced draft fans, water pumps and circulation pumps. Since the speeds of fans and pumps cannot be adjusted in time as the load changes, resulting in high energy consumption and equipment loss . At the same time, due to the lack of real-time comprehensive monitoring and safety analysis of the operating status of each key point of the boiler and heating network system, the failure or danger in the system cannot be alarmed and dealt with in time. When the heating network load increases to the point where multiple boilers need to be monitored collaboratively, it is more difficult to achieve stable and economical operation of the overall system only by manual control or boiler body control. In this case, it is very difficult to maintain the long-term, economical and stable operation of the entire boiler and heating system, it is difficult to control the quality of heating and energy saving, and it is impossible to achieve the smooth and safe operation of the entire heating system under optimal conditions.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是克服现有技术和方法的不足，提出一种锅炉及换热站智能监控系统，能够完成整个供暖系统的实时动态监视、智能控制、综合分析与管理，维持热网的热力和水力平衡，达到按需供热、节能降耗、安全运行的目的，从而实现锅炉及热网系统的经济、安全、稳定、长周期运行。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the existing technologies and methods, and propose an intelligent monitoring system for boilers and heat exchange stations, which can complete real-time dynamic monitoring, intelligent control, comprehensive analysis and management of the entire heating system, and maintain the heat and power of the heating network. The hydraulic balance achieves the purpose of heating on demand, saving energy and reducing consumption, and safe operation, so as to realize the economical, safe, stable, and long-term operation of the boiler and heating network system.

本发明提出的锅炉及换热站智能监控系统，其特征在于，该系统由中央控制室主系统和分别与该中央控制室主系统相连的锅炉监控子系统及多个换热站子系统组成；The boiler and heat exchange station intelligent monitoring system proposed by the present invention is characterized in that the system is composed of a central control room main system, a boiler monitoring subsystem and a plurality of heat exchange station subsystems respectively connected to the central control room main system;

所述中央控制室主系统，用于对接收到的锅炉监控子系统、各换热站监控子系统发送的各类数据进行处理、分析，计算被监控的一次系统和二次系统的水循环时间周期、大气温度、用户类型、不同时期热量负荷变化等信息，实时输出调节值发送到锅炉监控子系统和各换热站子系统，并与锅炉监控子系统及换热站子系统协同监控实现节能控制；The main system of the central control room is used to process and analyze various data received from the boiler monitoring subsystem and the monitoring subsystem of each heat exchange station, and calculate the water circulation time period of the monitored primary system and secondary system , Atmospheric temperature, user type, heat load changes in different periods and other information, the real-time output adjustment value is sent to the boiler monitoring subsystem and each heat exchange station subsystem, and coordinated monitoring with the boiler monitoring subsystem and heat exchange station subsystem to achieve energy-saving control ;

该锅炉监控子系统，用于将采集的锅炉温度、压力、液位、出水温度、压力各参数进行计算、存储、显示及热量输出分析的处理，根据处理结果与中央控制室主系统及换热站子系统协同监控或独立监控；The boiler monitoring subsystem is used to calculate, store, display and heat output analysis of the collected boiler temperature, pressure, liquid level, outlet water temperature and pressure parameters, and communicate with the main system of the central control room and heat exchange according to the processing results. Station subsystem cooperative monitoring or independent monitoring;

所述换热站监控子系统，用于对采集的数据进行处理后，以无线的方式将数据发送至中央控制室；并与主系统和锅炉监控子系统协同监控或独立监控。The heat exchange station monitoring subsystem is used to process the collected data and send the data to the central control room in a wireless manner; and cooperate with the main system and the boiler monitoring subsystem to monitor or independently monitor.

本发明还提出基于上述系统的锅炉及换热站智能监控方法，其特征在于，所述系统包括设置在锅炉房及各个换热站的主要由PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)控制柜组成的多个监控子系统，设置在中央控制室的由多个主机组成的监控主系统，所述各监控子系统通过有线或无线方式与中央控制室主系统进行通讯，该监控方法包括以下步骤：The present invention also proposes an intelligent monitoring method for boilers and heat exchange stations based on the above system. A monitoring subsystem, a monitoring main system composed of a plurality of host computers arranged in the central control room, each of the monitoring subsystems communicates with the main system of the central control room by wired or wireless mode, and the monitoring method includes the following steps:

1)各监控子系统实时采集锅炉及换热站参数信号和视频信号；1) Each monitoring subsystem collects boiler and heat exchange station parameter signals and video signals in real time;

2)各监控子系统对采集的参数信号进行模数转换后传输给PLC控制柜，转步骤3)；对所采集的视频信号经编码和压缩后，以无线或有线方式发送到中央控制室各主机，转步骤4)；2) Each monitoring subsystem performs analog-to-digital conversion on the collected parameter signals and then transmits them to the PLC control cabinet, and then proceeds to step 3); after encoding and compressing the collected video signals, they are sent to the central control room in a wireless or wired manner. Host, go to step 4);

3)PLC控制柜对接收到的参数信号，依据设定的工作流程进行处理，输出含有参数控制值的控制指令实施对现场设备的执行，转步骤2)；并将该接收的参数信号及参数控制值以无线或有线方式发送到中央控制室各主机，转步骤4)；同时，接收中央控制室和各换热站的信息，进行协同监控；3) The PLC control cabinet processes the received parameter signal according to the set work flow, outputs the control command containing the parameter control value to implement the execution of the field equipment, and turns to step 2); and the received parameter signal and parameter The control value is sent to each host in the central control room in a wireless or wired manner, and then go to step 4); at the same time, receive information from the central control room and each heat exchange station for collaborative monitoring;

4)中央控制室各主机对接收的信息进行分析处理后，分别进行参数监控和视频监控，输出控制值并发送给PLC控制柜，转步骤3)，同时转步骤5)；4) After the hosts in the central control room analyze and process the received information, they perform parameter monitoring and video monitoring respectively, output control values and send them to the PLC control cabinet, go to step 3), and go to step 5);

5)所述中央控制室服务器将接收的信息进行网络发布，用户经授权通过网络实现锅炉及换热站的远程监视。5) The server in the central control room publishes the received information on the network, and the user is authorized to realize the remote monitoring of the boiler and the heat exchange station through the network.

本发明的技术特点及效果：Technical characteristics and effects of the present invention:

本发明的系统分为中央控制室主系统、锅炉监控子系统和换热站子系统，主、子系统间及子系统间彼此独立，能单独完成各自子系统的工作，又能协同监控。各子系统根据本身流程特点，并综合室外温度、热水循环周期、供热区域大小、建筑结构、用户类别、不同时间段和时期热量需求的变化等因素，建立相应模型，进行综合分析和自适应调节，并采取变频等节能措施，节约能源，延长设备寿命，提高供热质量和管网运行平衡效益，实现按需供热、高效节能和安全运行等目的。通过对整体系统的实时监控，可及时发现系统设备的不正常工作状态以及供水的跑、冒、泄漏等现象，及时发现潜在事故，减少事故风险，利于查清事故原因与责任，提高运行可靠性和安全性。本发明为锅炉及换热站系统监控与管理提供完整解决方案，可大幅提高锅炉及换热站作业和管理的自动化水平，对节能降耗、保障系统的可靠性和安全性具有十分重要意义。The system of the present invention is divided into the main system of the central control room, the boiler monitoring subsystem and the heat exchange station subsystem. The main system, the subsystems and the subsystems are independent of each other, and can independently complete the work of each subsystem, and can also coordinate monitoring. Each subsystem establishes a corresponding model based on its own process characteristics and comprehensive factors such as outdoor temperature, hot water circulation cycle, heating area size, building structure, user category, and heat demand changes in different time periods and periods, and conducts comprehensive analysis and automatic analysis. Adapt to regulation, and take energy-saving measures such as frequency conversion to save energy, prolong equipment life, improve heating quality and balance benefits of pipe network operation, and achieve on-demand heating, high efficiency, energy saving, and safe operation. Through the real-time monitoring of the overall system, the abnormal working status of the system equipment and the phenomenon of running, running, and leaking of the water supply can be discovered in time, and potential accidents can be discovered in time to reduce the risk of accidents, which is conducive to finding out the causes and responsibilities of accidents and improving operational reliability. and security. The invention provides a complete solution for boiler and heat exchange station system monitoring and management, can greatly improve the automation level of boiler and heat exchange station operation and management, and is of great significance for energy saving and consumption reduction, and ensuring system reliability and safety.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本发明的系统结构框图。Fig. 1 is a system structure block diagram of the present invention.

图2为换热站参数监控结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the parameter monitoring structure of the heat exchange station.

图3为锅炉智能监控方法的整体工作流程图。Fig. 3 is the overall working flow chart of the boiler intelligent monitoring method.

图4为换热站PLC控制柜实施的工作流程图。Figure 4 is the work flow chart implemented by the PLC control cabinet of the heat exchange station.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

本发明提出的锅炉及热网智能监控系统及其方法，结合附图及实施例说明如下：Boiler and heating network intelligent monitoring system and method thereof proposed by the present invention are described as follows in conjunction with accompanying drawings and embodiments:

本发明的锅炉及热网智能监控系统总体结构如图1所示，该系统由中央控制室主系统和分别与该中央控制室主系统相连的锅炉监控子系统及多个换热站子系统(每个换热站设置一个换热站子系统)组成；The overall structure of the boiler and heating network intelligent monitoring system of the present invention is shown in Figure 1. The system consists of a central control room main system, a boiler monitoring subsystem and a plurality of heat exchange station subsystems ( Each heat exchange station is composed of a heat exchange station subsystem);

所述中央控制室主系统，用于对接收到的锅炉监控子系统、各换热站监控子系统发送的各类数据进行处理、分析，计算被监控的一次系统和二次系统的水循环时间周期、大气温度、用户类型、不同时期热量负荷变化等信息，实时输出调节值发送到锅炉监控子系统和各换热站子系统，并与锅炉监控子系统及换热站子系统协同监控实现节能控制；The main system of the central control room is used to process and analyze various data received from the boiler monitoring subsystem and the monitoring subsystem of each heat exchange station, and calculate the water circulation time period of the monitored primary system and secondary system , Atmospheric temperature, user type, heat load changes in different periods and other information, the real-time output adjustment value is sent to the boiler monitoring subsystem and each heat exchange station subsystem, and coordinated monitoring with the boiler monitoring subsystem and heat exchange station subsystem to achieve energy-saving control ;

该锅炉监控子系统，用于将采集的锅炉温度、压力、液位、出水温度、压力各参数进行计算、存储、显示及热量输出分析的处理，根据处理结果与中央控制室主系统及换热站子系统协同监控或独立监控；The boiler monitoring subsystem is used to calculate, store, display and heat output analysis of the collected boiler temperature, pressure, liquid level, outlet water temperature and pressure parameters, and communicate with the main system of the central control room and heat exchange according to the processing results. Station subsystem cooperative monitoring or independent monitoring;

所述换热站监控子系统，用于对采集的数据进行处理后，以无线的方式将数据发送至中央控制室；并与主系统和锅炉监控子系统协同监控或独立监控。本发明的中央控制室主系统主要包括交换机，分别与该交换机相连的参数监控主机、视频监控主机、服务器、IP电话；与参数主机相连的短信模块及报警器；通过UPS(不间断电源)与所述各主机、服务器及交换机相连的显示大屏幕；通过无线路由器与交换机相连的全向天线，并且交换机通过企业内部网络(带有防火墙)与Internet/专用网相连，在内部网和中央控制室之间通过防火墙连接，IP语音电话通过语音网关与普通电话机相连。其中：The heat exchange station monitoring subsystem is used to process the collected data and send the data to the central control room in a wireless manner; and cooperate with the main system and the boiler monitoring subsystem to monitor or independently monitor. The central control room main system of the present invention mainly comprises switch, the parameter monitoring main frame that links to each other with this switch, video monitoring main frame, server, IP phone respectively; The short message module that links to each other with parameter main frame and alarm device; Through UPS (uninterruptible power supply) and The display large screen connected to each host, server and switch; the omnidirectional antenna connected to the switch through a wireless router, and the switch is connected to the Internet/private network through the enterprise internal network (with a firewall), and the internal network and the central control room They are connected through firewalls, and IP voice phones are connected to ordinary phones through voice gateways. in:

所述的参数监控主机用于接收、处理、统计、分析和显示锅炉监控子系统及各换热站监控子系统的被监控过程及设备的温度、压力、流量、液位、阀门开度、设备启停、变频频率等参数信息，利用这些信息并综合室外温度、不同时间段热量需求变化等各影响因素，实时做出调节锅炉工作台数、一次系统中总输出压力等最佳工况控制值，将相关的控制指令发送至锅炉监控子系统和换热站监控子系统，协同其工作，系统中发生锅炉超压报警等异常状态时，输出指令触发报警器工作，同时完成与其他主机等设备的信息交互等功能。The parameter monitoring host is used to receive, process, count, analyze and display the temperature, pressure, flow, liquid level, valve opening, equipment Parameter information such as start-up and stop, frequency conversion frequency, etc., use these information and integrate various influencing factors such as outdoor temperature and heat demand changes in different time periods, and make real-time control values for adjusting the number of boilers, the total output pressure in the primary system, and other optimal working conditions. Send relevant control instructions to the boiler monitoring subsystem and the heat exchange station monitoring subsystem, and cooperate with them. When abnormal conditions such as boiler overpressure alarm occur in the system, the output instruction triggers the alarm to work, and at the same time completes the communication with other hosts and other equipment. Information interaction and other functions.

所述的视频监控主机用于接收、处理、显示、查询监控现场的视频图像信息，通过主机对摄像机实现转动、调焦等操作以实现对现场更广范围的巡视。The video monitoring host is used for receiving, processing, displaying, and querying video image information of the monitoring site, and the host performs operations such as rotation and focus adjustment of the camera to realize a wider range of inspection on the site.

所述的服务器主要用于重要的参数、视频、管理相关的信息的备份、网络信息发布等。The server is mainly used for backup of important parameters, video, and management-related information, and release of network information.

所述的显示大屏主要用于各主机信息的显示，各主机均可将其显示内容切换显示到大屏上进行显示。The large display screen is mainly used for displaying the information of each host, and each host can switch and display its display content to the large screen for display.

所述的交换机主要用于完成主机等设备的信息通讯。The switch is mainly used to complete the information communication of the host computer and other equipment.

所述IP语音电话主要用于工作人员与企业内部及外部进行调度、报警等通讯。The IP voice phone is mainly used for communication between the staff and the inside and outside of the enterprise for dispatching and alarming.

所述语音网关用于语音信号的转换。The voice gateway is used for voice signal conversion.

所述防火墙主要用于保护主系统各主机，防范非法入侵及病毒等攻击。The firewall is mainly used to protect hosts of the main system and prevent attacks such as illegal intrusions and viruses.

所述短信模块用于将主机内的报警信息发送给相关人员。The short message module is used to send the alarm information in the host to relevant personnel.

所述UPS用于发生断电时，为主系统提供一定时间的电源，以保证系统正常运行和关闭。The UPS is used to provide power for the main system for a certain period of time when a power failure occurs, so as to ensure the normal operation and shutdown of the system.

所述无线路由器主要用于无线信号的通讯、路由等功能。The wireless router is mainly used for functions such as communication and routing of wireless signals.

所述的全线天线用于水平全方位的无线信号的发送和接收。The full-line antenna is used for sending and receiving horizontal and omni-directional wireless signals.

中央控制室主系统的工作原理：全向天线接收来自各换热站子系统远端监控区域的参数、视频信息；信息通过无线路由器传输至各主机、服务器组成的网络，各主机和服务器连接到交换机；锅炉子系统以有线方式与中央控制室主系统进行通讯；中央控制室内利用接收到的锅炉监控子系统、各换热站监控子系统发送的各类数据进行处理(如总供热量计算等)、分析(如有水泄漏等)，综合一次系统和二次系统的水循环时间周期、大气温度、用户类型(办公、住宅、医院等)、不同时期热量负荷变化等信息，实时输出调节值发送到锅炉监控子系统和各换热站子系统，中央控制室与锅炉监控子系统及换热站子系统协同监控实现节能控制；同时，对采集到的参数、视频等各类信息进行显示、统计、查询、管理；中央控制室内各主机间实现互联，可彼此调用信息或触发其他主机产生响应(如自动弹出报警区域参数或视频的界面)，主机上的信息均可通过切换在中央控制室液晶大屏幕上显示，报警器与主机相连，由监控主机触发报警，参数监控预警主机还通过短信模块将报警信息发送给相关人员的手机。中中央控制室与办公区、上级管理部门通过企业内部网络联接，网络间设置防火墙以防止病毒等入侵。The working principle of the main system in the central control room: the omnidirectional antenna receives the parameters and video information from the remote monitoring area of each heat exchange station subsystem; the information is transmitted to the network composed of each host and server through a wireless router, and each host and server are connected to switch; the boiler subsystem communicates with the main system of the central control room in a wired manner; the central control room processes various data received from the boiler monitoring subsystem and the monitoring subsystem of each heat exchange station etc.), analysis (such as water leakage, etc.), comprehensive information such as the water cycle time period of the primary system and the secondary system, atmospheric temperature, user type (office, residence, hospital, etc.), heat load changes in different periods, etc., and output the adjustment value in real time It is sent to the boiler monitoring subsystem and each heat exchange station subsystem, and the central control room cooperates with the boiler monitoring subsystem and heat exchange station subsystem to realize energy-saving control; at the same time, various information such as collected parameters and videos are displayed, Statistics, query, management; the hosts in the central control room are interconnected, and can call each other’s information or trigger other hosts to respond (such as automatically popping up the alarm area parameters or video interface), and the information on the host can be switched in the central control room The large LCD screen shows that the alarm is connected to the host, and the monitoring host triggers the alarm. The parameter monitoring and early warning host also sends the alarm information to the mobile phone of the relevant personnel through the SMS module. The central control room is connected with the office area and the superior management department through the internal network of the enterprise, and a firewall is set up between the networks to prevent viruses and other intrusions.

中央控制室主系统与锅炉监控子系统及换热站协同监控进行节能控制的方法实施例如下：利用接收到的一次系统总出、回水温度的温差、各二次系统出、回水温度温差与系统设计温差进行比较，结合系统热水循环时间周期、不同时间段和时期热量需求的变化等信息，并利用锅炉及换热站热量模型(模型包括换热站二次出水和回水温差模型、换热站一次系统供出的总热量模型、换热站二次出、回水温度理论值模型、锅炉子系统总的供出热量和各换热站子系统热量关系模型和锅炉子系统总的供出热量与锅炉本体关系模型)，中央控制室主系统自动生成平滑的流量和温度上升或下降的运行参数曲线，输出调节值给换热站子系统经运算输出调节指令至PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)，PLC输出控制值，通过执行设备实现对系统总流量和温度的调节。中央控制室主系统通过采集一次系统总出、回水压力、温度，依据系统管道设计压力、设计容积和水的温度与体积的特性自动生成恒压补水运行过程曲线，将控制值传输给锅炉监控子系统和换热站子系统，各子系统通过执行设备的变频器自动调节补水泵的转速实现对系统压力的控制；同理，执行设备的鼓风机变频器、引风机变频器、炉排变频器也随着热负荷等变化，接收锅炉监控子系统的指令，自动进行变频调节，从而在被监控系统的各环节实现节能降耗、按需供热和减少设备损耗等目的。The main system in the central control room cooperates with the boiler monitoring subsystem and the heat exchange station to monitor and implement the method of energy-saving control as follows: use the temperature difference between the total output and return water temperature of the primary system received, and the temperature difference between the output and return water temperature of each secondary system Compared with the system design temperature difference, combined with information such as the hot water circulation time period of the system, the change of heat demand in different time periods and periods, and using the heat model of the boiler and heat exchange station (the model includes the temperature difference model of the secondary outlet water and return water of the heat exchange station , the total heat model supplied by the primary system of the heat exchange station, the theoretical value model of the secondary output of the heat exchange station, and the return water temperature, the total heat supplied by the boiler subsystem and the heat relationship model of each heat exchange station subsystem, and the total supply and output of the boiler subsystem Heat and boiler body relationship model), the main system in the central control room automatically generates smooth flow and temperature rise or fall operating parameter curves, and outputs the adjustment value to the heat exchange station subsystem and outputs adjustment instructions to PLC (programmable logic controller) ), the PLC outputs the control value, and realizes the adjustment of the total flow and temperature of the system through the execution equipment. The main system in the central control room automatically generates a constant pressure replenishment operation process curve based on the design pressure, design volume, and water temperature and volume characteristics of the system pipeline by collecting the total outlet and return water pressure and temperature of the primary system, and transmits the control value to the boiler monitoring Subsystems and heat exchange station subsystems, each subsystem can control the system pressure by automatically adjusting the speed of the water supply pump through the frequency converter of the execution equipment; With the change of heat load, etc., it receives instructions from the boiler monitoring subsystem and automatically performs frequency conversion adjustment, so as to achieve energy saving and consumption reduction, heat supply on demand and equipment loss reduction in all aspects of the monitored system.

上述各模型具体表达式如下：The specific expressions of the above models are as follows:

换热站二次出水和回水温差模型为The temperature difference model of the secondary outlet water and return water in the heat exchange station is

ΔT＝K11.f(Tmin，Temp)+B……………………………………………………………(1)ΔT＝K11.f(Tmin,Temp)+B……………………………………………………(1)

式中，K1和B1是和建筑性质、二次流量和供热面积有关的修正系数，Temp是室外温度。In the formula, K1 and B1 are correction coefficients related to building properties, secondary flow and heating area, and Temp is the outdoor temperature.

换热站一次系统供出的总热量Qi模型为The Qi model of the total heat supplied by the primary system of the heat exchange station is

Qi(K、T11、T12、α)＝K3.f(ΔT)+B3…………………………………………….(2)Qi(K, T11, T12, α)=K3.f(ΔT)+B3…………………………………………(2)

换热站二次出、回水温度理论值模型为The theoretical value model of the secondary outlet and return water temperature of the heat exchange station is

TCsv＝K2.f(ΔT)+B2……………………………………………………………………(3)TCsv＝K2.f(ΔT)+B2……………………………………………………………(3)

THsv＝K3.f(ΔT)+B3……………………………………………………………………(4)THsv＝K3.f(ΔT)+B3…………………………………………………………………(4)

Qi是多种因素的综合函数，影响因素主要包括流量，换热器换热系数，一次系统进、回水温度。式中，α为该换热修正系数。K为三通阀开度，是一次侧流量的控制参数，T11、T12是换热站一次系统进、回水温度，ΔT是换热站二次系统进回水温差，TCsv和THsv分别是二次出、回水能保证用户热量的温度理论值，K2、B2与K3、B3是建筑结构等相关的系数。Qi is a comprehensive function of many factors, and the influencing factors mainly include flow rate, heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger, primary system inlet and return water temperature. In the formula, α is the heat transfer correction coefficient. K is the opening degree of the three-way valve, which is the control parameter of the primary side flow, T11 and T12 are the inlet and return water temperatures of the primary system of the heat exchange station, ΔT is the temperature difference between the inlet and return water of the secondary system of the heat exchange station, and TCsv and THsv are two The secondary discharge and return water can guarantee the theoretical value of the user's heat temperature. K2, B2 and K3, B3 are coefficients related to the building structure.

建立以上模型，即可对换热站子系统进行自动调节，如当以二次回水温度T22做为控制参数时：当|T22—THsv|>A，其中A是温差控制精度。通过调节电动三通阀开度，使|T22—THsv|<A，如果K＝Kmax，THsv—T22>A，说明电动三通阀开度为最大时，热量仍无法保证，中央控制室主系统通过建立的模型改变锅炉子系统的参数，控制流量或一次水温，实现T22与THsv的动态平衡(也可通过一次或二次阀门进行调节)。By establishing the above model, the sub-system of the heat exchange station can be automatically adjusted. For example, when the secondary return water temperature T22 is used as the control parameter: when |T22—THsv|>A, where A is the temperature difference control accuracy. By adjusting the opening of the electric three-way valve to make |T22—THsv|<A, if K=Kmax, THsv—T22>A, it means that when the opening of the electric three-way valve is at the maximum, the heat cannot be guaranteed, and the main system of the central control room Change the parameters of the boiler subsystem through the established model, control the flow or primary water temperature, and realize the dynamic balance of T22 and THsv (it can also be adjusted through the primary or secondary valve).

锅炉子系统总的供出热量Qz和各换热站子系统热量Qi(K、T11、T12、α)关系模型The relationship model between the total supply heat Qz of the boiler subsystem and the heat Qi (K, T11, T12, α) of each heat exchange station subsystem

Qz∝∑Ki.Qi(K、T11、T12、α)……………………………………………………(5)Qz∝∑Ki.Qi(K, T11, T12, α)…………………………………………(5)

式中Ki是各为换热站修正系数，与该换热站距锅炉中心距离L，换热站用户类型(如医院等，要求高于一般标准，可通过给定Ki值来修正)In the formula, Ki is the correction coefficient of the heat exchange station, which is related to the distance L between the heat exchange station and the boiler center, and the user type of the heat exchange station (such as hospitals, etc., which require higher than the general standard, which can be corrected by giving the Ki value)

锅炉子系统总的供出热量Qz与锅炉本体关系模型The relationship model between the total heat output Qz of the boiler subsystem and the boiler body

Qz＝∑βi.fi(n、F、Tzc、Tzh)+∑li.γi………………………………………………(6)Qz=∑βi.fi(n, F, Tzc, Tzh)+∑li.γi……………………………………(6)

式中β、n、F、Tzc、Tzh、l、γ分别为锅炉的效率、开启台数、总流量、总出水温度、总回水温度、热网总长度及热损失系数等。In the formula, β, n, F, Tzc, Tzh, l, γ are the efficiency of the boiler, the number of units turned on, the total flow rate, the total outlet water temperature, the total return water temperature, the total length of the heating network and the heat loss coefficient, etc.

Tzc、Tzh在各子系统需求热量为定参数时，是由炉排推进速度V、煤层厚度L、热值M等参数的函数，故Tzc and Tzh are functions of parameters such as grate propulsion speed V, coal seam thickness L, and calorific value M when the heat demand of each subsystem is a fixed parameter.

Qz∝f(Tzc、Tzh)∝fi(V、L、M)………………………………………………………(7)Qz∝f(Tzc, Tzh)∝fi(V, L, M)……………………………………………(7)

上述中央控制室主系统主要设备实施例及技术参数为：The main equipment embodiment and technical parameters of the main system of the central control room are as follows:

参数监控主机采用华北工控的NORCO-510DT，主要技术参数：CPU T2500，内存为DDR2 1G，硬盘为250G，网口10M/100M自适应，4个PCI、4个PCI-Ex1、1个PCI-Ex4、1个PCI-Ex1插槽。The parameter monitoring host adopts NORCO-510DT of North China Industrial Control, the main technical parameters: CPU T2500, memory is DDR2 1G, hard disk is 250G, network port 10M/100M adaptive, 4 PCI, 4 PCI-Ex1, 1 PCI-Ex4 , 1 PCI-Ex1 slot.

视频监控主机采用华北工控的HB-2000P，主要技术参数：CPU Intel 2.5G，内存为2条DDR 1G，硬盘容量为800G，光驱为16XDVD，工作温度为0～60℃，以太网口10M/100M自适应2个，USB口4个，串口1个。The video monitoring host adopts HB-2000P of North China Industrial Control, the main technical parameters: CPU Intel 2.5G, memory 2 DDR 1G, hard disk capacity 800G, optical drive 16XDVD, working temperature 0～60℃, Ethernet port 10M/100M 2 self-adaptive, 4 USB ports, 1 serial port.

服务器采用联想万全T280S5110塔式服务器，主要技术参数：CPU2.0G；内存为1GB；硬盘为4×200GB；安装Windows 2003 Server操作系统。The server adopts Lenovo Wanquan T280S5110 tower server, the main technical parameters: CPU2.0G; memory is 1GB; hard disk is 4×200GB; Windows 2003 Server operating system is installed.

报警器采用XH-S24声光报警器，主要技术参数：工作电压为24VDC，工作电流为≤60mA；报警声压级为≥85dB，闪光指数为频率≥30-45次/分，强度≥30cd。The alarm adopts XH-S24 sound and light alarm, the main technical parameters: working voltage 24VDC, working current ≤60mA; alarm sound pressure level ≥85dB, flash index frequency ≥30-45 times/min, intensity ≥30cd.

显示大屏采用仙视电子的PD70H1液晶屏，主要技术参数：尺寸(mm)为1708(h)×1030(v)×150(d)，分辨率为1920×1080，输入接口CVBS、YPbPr、HDMI、VGA，亮度为600cd/m²。The large display screen adopts the PD70H1 LCD screen of Goodview Electronics, the main technical parameters: the size (mm) is 1708(h)×1030(v)×150(d), the resolution is 1920×1080, the input interface is CVBS, YPbPr, HDMI , VGA, the brightness is 600cd/m ² .

交换机采用研华网管型以太网交换机EKI-7559SI，主要技术参数：工作电压为12-48VDC，2个单模光纤接口，8个快速以太网接口，管理可通过Web、Telnet、串口控制、Windows程序进行，安全可通过IP/MAC与端口绑定、DHCP服务器、IP访问列表、802.1X、SNMPv3完成，1路继电器输出。The switch adopts Advantech network managed Ethernet switch EKI-7559SI, main technical parameters: working voltage is 12-48VDC, 2 single-mode optical fiber interfaces, 8 fast Ethernet interfaces, management can be carried out through Web, Telnet, serial port control, Windows program , Security can be completed through IP/MAC and port binding, DHCP server, IP access list, 802.1X, SNMPv3, 1 relay output.

IP电话机采用深圳网络电话公司的DMR-CP01防爆IP电话，主要技术参数：连接方式既支持静态/动态IP地址，也支持PPPoE，1个WAN以太网接口和1个LANWAN以太网接口；1个PSTN接口，符合G.16516ms回声抵消。The IP phone adopts the DMR-CP01 explosion-proof IP phone of Shenzhen Internet Telephone Company. The main technical parameters: the connection method supports both static/dynamic IP addresses and PPPoE, 1 WAN Ethernet interface and 1 LANWAN Ethernet interface; 1 PSTN interface, in line with G.16516ms echo cancellation.

语音网关采用世纪网通CNG2000 IP语音网关，主要技术参数：FXS接口，端口4个，协议支持HTTP、DHCP、FTP和IEEE 802.1q等。The voice gateway adopts Century Netcom CNG2000 IP voice gateway, the main technical parameters: FXS interface, 4 ports, the protocol supports HTTP, DHCP, FTP and IEEE 802.1q, etc.

短信模块采用桑荣公司Saro310 GSM Modem，主要技术参数：芯片采用SiemensTC35i，工作电压为5～35VDC，接口为RS232/485，支持GSM和GPRS网络，使用SIM卡。The short message module adopts Saro310 GSM Modem of Sangrong Company, the main technical parameters: the chip adopts SiemensTC35i, the working voltage is 5~35VDC, the interface is RS232/485, supports GSM and GPRS network, and uses SIM card.

无线路由器采用美国朗讯ORiNOCO RG-1000 COR无线路由器，主要技术参数：工作频段为2.4GHz，最远距离可传输16km，最大传输速率为11M，工作电压为12VDC。The wireless router adopts American Lucent ORiNOCO RG-1000 COR wireless router, the main technical parameters: the working frequency band is 2.4GHz, the longest transmission distance is 16km, the maximum transmission rate is 11M, and the working voltage is 12VDC.

全向天线采用HQJ-2400H9，主要技术参数：频率为2.4G，增益为18dBi，垂直面波瓣宽度为14，水平面波瓣宽度为360，驻波比≤1.5，最大功率为100W，信道宽带为60M。The omnidirectional antenna adopts HQJ-2400H9, the main technical parameters: the frequency is 2.4G, the gain is 18dBi, the vertical lobe width is 14, the horizontal lobe width is 360, the standing wave ratio is ≤1.5, the maximum power is 100W, and the channel bandwidth is 60M.

UPS采用APC的SUVT40KHS，主要技术参数：类型为在线互动式，额定输出为40kva，输入电压为304-477V，输入频率为47/70Hz，输出电压为230/400V，输出频率为47/53Hz。The UPS adopts APC's SUVT40KHS, the main technical parameters: the type is online interactive, the rated output is 40kva, the input voltage is 304-477V, the input frequency is 47/70Hz, the output voltage is 230/400V, and the output frequency is 47/53Hz.

防火墙采用NETGEAR的FVS318，主要技术参数：类型为VPN防火墙，网络端口为1个10/100M自适应WAN接口，用户数为253，入侵检测为DoS，控制端口为RS-232。The firewall adopts NETGEAR's FVS318, the main technical parameters: the type is VPN firewall, the network port is a 10/100M adaptive WAN interface, the number of users is 253, the intrusion detection is DoS, and the control port is RS-232.

本发明的锅炉监控子系统包括操作员站，与操作员站相连的多台PLC控制柜和相应台数的仪表控制台(PLC控制柜数量与被监控的锅炉台数相同)，每台仪表控制台与一台PLC控制柜和一个报警器相连，与每台PLC控制柜相连并设置在每台锅炉适当位置的参数采集设备及执行设备；通过UPS与操作员站相连的摄像机、视频服务器；该摄像机与视频服务器相连；操作员站、视频服务器与中央控制室交换机相连。The boiler monitoring subsystem of the present invention comprises an operator station, a plurality of PLC control cabinets connected to the operator station and instrument consoles of a corresponding number (the number of PLC control cabinets is the same as the number of monitored boilers), and each instrument console is connected to A PLC control cabinet is connected with an alarm, and each PLC control cabinet is connected with the parameter acquisition equipment and execution equipment at the appropriate position of each boiler; the camera and video server connected with the operator station through UPS; the camera and The video server is connected; the operator station and the video server are connected to the central control room switch.

该参数采集设备包括室外温度传感器、出水压力传感器、回水压力传感器、出水温度传感器、回水温度传感器、烟气含氧检测仪、炉膛含氧量检测仪、流量计、炉膛温度传感器、排烟温度传感器、炉膛负压传感器、鼓风机出口压力传感器、引风机压力传感器；该执行设备包括电磁阀、鼓风机变频器、引风机变频器、炉排变频器、水泵变频器；该电磁阀、变频器分别与锅炉中各自的鼓风机、引风机、炉排电机及水泵相连；仪表控制台由显示仪表、报警灯、按钮等部件。The parameter acquisition equipment includes outdoor temperature sensor, outlet water pressure sensor, return water pressure sensor, outlet water temperature sensor, return water temperature sensor, flue gas oxygen detector, furnace oxygen detector, flow meter, furnace temperature sensor, smoke exhaust Temperature sensor, furnace negative pressure sensor, blower outlet pressure sensor, induced draft fan pressure sensor; the execution equipment includes solenoid valve, blower frequency converter, induced draft fan frequency converter, grate frequency converter, water pump frequency converter; the solenoid valve and frequency converter are respectively It is connected with the respective blower, induced draft fan, grate motor and water pump in the boiler; the instrument console is composed of display instruments, alarm lights, buttons and other components.

所述PLC控制柜用于信号的转换、处理和数据通讯，主要由PLC、EM系列扩展模块和通讯处理器CP组成。The PLC control cabinet is used for signal conversion, processing and data communication, and is mainly composed of PLC, EM series expansion modules and communication processor CP.

所述的操作员站用于接收、处理、显示氧含量、流量、锅炉水位、出回水温度、水泵启停状态等各类信息，并结合当前的气温、时间等数据对信息进行综合分析，对热量需求、锅炉运行台数等进行计算，对各锅炉运行状态进行实时评估，预警报警和自动控制。The operator station is used to receive, process and display various information such as oxygen content, flow rate, boiler water level, outlet and return water temperature, water pump start and stop status, and comprehensively analyze the information in combination with the current temperature, time and other data. Calculation of heat demand, number of boilers in operation, etc., real-time evaluation of the operating status of each boiler, early warning and automatic control.

所述仪表控制台用于仪表显示和报警，在切换到手动方式时(如操作员站故障或通讯终端)，工作人员可通过仪表控制台对锅炉进行控制；切换在自动状态时，仅显示和报警。The instrument console is used for instrument display and alarm. When switching to manual mode (such as operator station failure or communication terminal), the staff can control the boiler through the instrument console; when switching to automatic state, only display and Call the police.

所述参数采集设备用于温度、压力、流量、含氧量等参数的采集。The parameter acquisition equipment is used for the acquisition of parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, and oxygen content.

所述执行设备用于控制阀门开度、电机频率的改变等动作的实施；使电机输入电压频率根据负荷变化而变化，以节约电能消耗，减少设备损耗。The execution device is used to control the opening of the valve and the change of the frequency of the motor; to change the frequency of the input voltage of the motor according to the change of the load, so as to save power consumption and reduce equipment loss.

所述摄像机用于采集现场视频图像。The camera is used to collect live video images.

所述的视频服务器用于视频信号的转换。The video server is used for video signal conversion.

所述的报警器用于参数超过设定阈值时声光报警，提示工作人员。The alarm is used for sound and light alarm when the parameter exceeds the set threshold, and reminds the staff.

锅炉监控子系统的工作原理为：参数采集设备将锅炉温度、压力、液位、出水温度、压力等参数采集、传输到PLC控制柜及仪表控制台进行显示和处理，PLC将收到的数据进行处理，并传输给操作员站，操作员站对信息进行存储、显示、计算及热量输出等分析，锅炉监控子系统可与中央控制室主系统及换热站子系统协同监控，也可独立监控；协同监控时，操作员站将相关信息发送至中央控制室，中央控制室主机能综合各换热站等信息来综合处理锅炉下一步控制调整，发送控制指令(如改变锅炉启动台数等)给操作员站；若中央控制室主机发生故障或其他异常情况时，锅炉监控系统可独立监控，由PLC和操作员站共同完成锅炉的监控；锅炉监控子系统可设置为自动控制和手动控制两种工作方式，若为自动方式，操作员站接收来自PLC的信号后经过计算处理，发送相应指令给PLC，PLC接收相关信息进行计算，输出相应动作指令，控制电磁阀、电机等执行设备；当操作员站或PLC发生故障时，子系统自动切换到手动方式，工作人员可以在仪表控制台上进行人工操作锅炉的启停等控制；该子系统中的摄像机将视频图像采集到视频服务器，视频服务器对信号进行编码压缩并以无线方式传输到中央控制室，视频服务器接收来自中央控制室的指令实现对摄像机云台和焦距的调节与控制。The working principle of the boiler monitoring subsystem is as follows: the parameter acquisition equipment collects and transmits parameters such as boiler temperature, pressure, liquid level, outlet water temperature, and pressure to the PLC control cabinet and instrument console for display and processing, and the PLC processes the received data. Processing and transmission to the operator station, the operator station stores, displays, calculates and analyzes the heat output and other information. The boiler monitoring subsystem can be monitored cooperatively with the main system of the central control room and the heat exchange station subsystem, or it can be independently monitored ; During collaborative monitoring, the operator station sends relevant information to the central control room, and the host computer in the central control room can comprehensively process the next step control adjustment of the boiler by integrating the information of each heat exchange station, and send control instructions (such as changing the number of boilers to start, etc.) to Operator station; if the main engine in the central control room fails or other abnormal conditions occur, the boiler monitoring system can monitor independently, and the boiler monitoring is completed by the PLC and the operator station together; the boiler monitoring subsystem can be set to automatic control and manual control The working mode, if it is automatic mode, the operator station receives the signal from the PLC, calculates and processes it, sends the corresponding command to the PLC, and the PLC receives the relevant information for calculation, outputs the corresponding action command, and controls the solenoid valve, motor and other executive equipment; when operating When the station or PLC fails, the subsystem automatically switches to the manual mode, and the staff can manually operate the boiler on the instrument console to control the start and stop of the boiler; the camera in the subsystem collects video images to the video server, and the video server The signal is coded and compressed and transmitted wirelessly to the central control room. The video server receives instructions from the central control room to adjust and control the camera pan/tilt and focal length.

上述锅炉监控子系统的主要设备实施例及其技术参数如下：The main equipment embodiments and technical parameters of the above-mentioned boiler monitoring subsystem are as follows:

本实施例中操作员站采用采用华北工控的NORCO-510DT，主要技术参数：CPU2.5G，内存为DDR21G，硬盘为250G，光驱DVD，板载1个1000M，4个PCI，4个PCI-Ex1，1个PCI-Ex4，1个PCI-Ex1插槽。In this embodiment, the operator station adopts NORCO-510DT of North China Industrial Control, the main technical parameters: CPU 2.5G, memory DDR21G, hard disk 250G, optical drive DVD, onboard 1 1000M, 4 PCI, 4 PCI-Ex1 , 1 PCI-Ex4, 1 PCI-Ex1 slot.

PLC采用西门子的S7-300，主要技术参数为：处理器为CPU 313C，工作电压为24V，数字量输入模板为SM 321，数字量输出模板为SM 322，模拟量输入输出模板为SM 335。The PLC adopts Siemens S7-300, the main technical parameters are: the processor is CPU 313C, the working voltage is 24V, the digital input module is SM 321, the digital output module is SM 322, and the analog input and output module is SM 335.

室外温度传感器采用深圳市格瑞斯通TE500F2A1A传感器，主要技术参数：温度测量范围为-40℃至105℃，输出为4-20mA，供电电压为24VDC。The outdoor temperature sensor adopts Shenzhen Greystone TE500F2A1A sensor, the main technical parameters: the temperature measurement range is -40°C to 105°C, the output is 4-20mA, and the power supply voltage is 24VDC.

出水、回水压力传感器采用昆仑海岸的JYB-KO-HAG型，主要技术参数：量程为0-10MPa，输出为4-20mA电流信号，供电电压为24VDC。The water outlet and return water pressure sensor adopts the JYB-KO-HAG type of Kunlun Coast, the main technical parameters: the measuring range is 0-10MPa, the output is 4-20mA current signal, and the power supply voltage is 24VDC.

出水、回水温度传感器采用昆仑海岸的JWB型一体化温度变送器，主要技术参数：量程为0-200℃，输出为4-20mA电流信号，供电电压为24VDC。The outlet water and return water temperature sensor adopts the JWB type integrated temperature transmitter of Kunlun Coast, the main technical parameters: the range is 0-200 ℃, the output is 4-20mA current signal, and the power supply voltage is 24VDC.

烟气、炉膛含氧量检测仪采用德国MESA含氧量传感器，主要技术参数：温度范围为0-1050℃，输出信号：0-1300mV，反应速度1秒。Flue gas and furnace oxygen detector adopts German MESA oxygen sensor, main technical parameters: temperature range: 0-1050℃, output signal: 0-1300mV, response speed: 1 second.

流量计采用昆仑海岸的LUGB型满管式涡街流量计，主要技术参数：精度为1％，输出信号为4-20mA，供电电压为24VDC。The flowmeter adopts the LUGB full-pipe vortex flowmeter from Kunlun Coast, the main technical parameters: the accuracy is 1%, the output signal is 4-20mA, and the power supply voltage is 24VDC.

炉膛温度传感器和排烟温度传感器采用昆仑海岸的JWB/S一体化温度变送器，主要技术参数：量程为0-1300℃，输出为4-20mA电流信号，供电电压为24VDC。Furnace temperature sensor and exhaust gas temperature sensor adopt JWB/S integrated temperature transmitter from Kunlun Coast, the main technical parameters: the range is 0-1300 ℃, the output is 4-20mA current signal, and the power supply voltage is 24VDC.

炉膛负压传感器采用广东拓朴电子公司的PTP708-h负压力传感器，主要技术参数：量程为100KPA～10KPA～0KPA，综合精度为0.5％FS、1.0％FS，输出信号为4～20mA，供电电压为24VDC(9～36VDC)。Furnace negative pressure sensor adopts PTP708-h negative pressure sensor from Guangdong Topo Electronics Co., Ltd., the main technical parameters: range is 100KPA ~ 10KPA ~ 0KPA, comprehensive accuracy is 0.5% FS, 1.0% FS, output signal is 4 ~ 20mA, power supply voltage It is 24VDC (9~36VDC).

鼓风机出口压力传感器、引风机压力传感器采用昆仑海岸的JYB-KO-MA型压力变送器，主要技术参数为：量程为0-1MPa，输出为4-20mA电流信号，供电电压为24VDC。The blower outlet pressure sensor and the induced draft fan pressure sensor adopt the JYB-KO-MA pressure transmitter from Kunlun Coast. The main technical parameters are: the range is 0-1MPa, the output is 4-20mA current signal, and the power supply voltage is 24VDC.

电磁阀采用河北同力自控阀门公司的VB7000系列电动三通阀，主要技术参数：最大介质温度为120℃，工作电压为200VAC，阀体承压为1.6MPa。鼓风机、引风机、炉排电机、循环/补水泵的变频器均采用富士FRENIC5000VG7S系列变频器，主要技术参数：高性能矢量控制性，输入电源为三相220V-230V，50-60Hz，载频为0.75-15。The solenoid valve adopts the VB7000 series electric three-way valve of Hebei Tongli Automatic Control Valve Company. The main technical parameters are: the maximum medium temperature is 120°C, the working voltage is 200VAC, and the pressure of the valve body is 1.6MPa. The frequency converters of the blower, induced draft fan, grate motor, and circulation/replenishing pump all use Fuji FRENIC5000VG7S series frequency converters. The main technical parameters are: high-performance vector control, the input power is three-phase 220V-230V, 50-60Hz, and the carrier frequency is 0.75-15.

摄像机采用杰视达的ST-Y22XA彩色红外一体摄像机，主要技术参数：成像元件1/4″SONY CCD，红外灯为IR LED，60PCS/14U/F8，红外照射距离为100m，最低照度0Lux。The camera adopts ST-Y22XA color infrared integrated camera of Jieshida, the main technical parameters: imaging element 1/4″SONY CCD, infrared light is IR LED, 60PCS/14U/F8, infrared irradiation distance is 100m, minimum illumination is 0Lux.

视频服务器采用巨融科技JRS-1网络视频服务器，主要技术参数：输入视频输入为1.0V(P-P)，1路BNC，输入电压12VDC/1A，内嵌Web Server，支持IE监视、配置、升级，支持NTSC/PAL复合视频，10/100M以太网接口，支持RS485接口，支持远程云台控制；其中的解码器采用巨融科技的JR-A(W)的云台镜头解码器，主要技术参数：PIC系列单片机设计，双通信接口，驱动电压为12～15VDC，识别多种协议，云台8方位及自动控制，镜头功能控制。The video server adopts Jurong Technology JRS-1 network video server, the main technical parameters: input video input is 1.0V (P-P), 1 channel BNC, input voltage 12VDC/1A, embedded Web Server, supports IE monitoring, configuration, upgrade, Support NTSC/PAL composite video, 10/100M Ethernet interface, support RS485 interface, support remote pan/tilt control; the decoder uses JR-A(W) pan/tilt lens decoder of Jurong Technology, the main technical parameters: PIC series single-chip microcomputer design, dual communication interfaces, driving voltage 12~15VDC, recognition of multiple protocols, 8-position pan/tilt and automatic control, lens function control.

报警器采用LA-P23声光报警器，主要技术参数：额定工作电压为DC12V，工作温度为-30～85℃，声压范围为105dB±3dB(2m内)。The alarm adopts LA-P23 sound and light alarm, the main technical parameters: the rated working voltage is DC12V, the working temperature is -30～85℃, and the sound pressure range is 105dB±3dB (within 2m).

本发明的每个换热站监控子系统由PLC控制柜，与PLC控制柜相连参数采集设备及执行设备，与PLC控制柜相连的交换机，与交换机相连的视频服务器、无线路由器，与无线路由器相连的单向天线，与视频服务器相连的摄像机。Each heat exchange station monitoring subsystem of the present invention consists of a PLC control cabinet, a parameter acquisition device and an execution device connected to the PLC control cabinet, a switch connected to the PLC control cabinet, a video server connected to the switch, a wireless router, and a wireless router. A unidirectional antenna, a video camera connected to a video server.

该参数采集设备包括一次系统温度传感器、压力传感器、二次系统的温度传感器和压力传感器、室外温度传感器和流量计；执行设备包括电磁三通阀、与二次系统中循环泵/补水泵相连的变频器。The parameter acquisition equipment includes the primary system temperature sensor, pressure sensor, secondary system temperature sensor and pressure sensor, outdoor temperature sensor and flow meter; the execution equipment includes the electromagnetic three-way valve, and the circulation pump/supplement pump connected to the secondary system inverter.

所述各PLC控制柜用于换热站信号的转换、处理和数据通讯。The PLC control cabinets are used for signal conversion, processing and data communication of the heat exchange station.

所述参数采集设备用于温度、压力等参数的采集。The parameter acquisition device is used for the acquisition of parameters such as temperature and pressure.

所述电磁三通阀用来控制一次系统阀门不同流向的开度。The electromagnetic three-way valve is used to control the opening degrees of the primary system valves in different flow directions.

所述变频器用于循环泵或补水泵的电机调速和节能。The frequency converter is used for motor speed regulation and energy saving of a circulating pump or a supplementary water pump.

所述无线路由器用于信号的传输和路由。The wireless router is used for signal transmission and routing.

所述单向天线用于固定角度范围内无线信号的发射与接收。The unidirectional antenna is used for transmitting and receiving wireless signals within a fixed angle range.

所述交换机、视频服务器、流量计、摄像机等设备用途与锅炉监控子系统相同。The switches, video servers, flowmeters, cameras and other equipment are used in the same way as the boiler monitoring subsystem.

换热站监控子系统的工作原理为：温度、压力等传感器、变频器及电磁阀将相关数据采集传输到PLC控制柜，PLC将收到的数据进行处理，以无线的方式将数据发送至中央控制室；该子系统可与主系统和锅炉监控子系统协同监控，也可独立监控；协同监控时，中央控制室接收到信息后综合计算处理，将控制指令发送给换热站子系统，PLC接收相关信息，经计算，输出相应动作指令，控制阀门、电机等执行设备；该子系统可独立监控。The working principle of the monitoring subsystem of the heat exchange station is: temperature, pressure and other sensors, frequency converters and solenoid valves collect and transmit relevant data to the PLC control cabinet, and the PLC processes the received data and sends the data to the central Control room; this subsystem can be monitored cooperatively with the main system and the boiler monitoring subsystem, and can also be independently monitored; during collaborative monitoring, the central control room receives the information and comprehensively calculates and processes it, and sends control instructions to the heat exchange station subsystem, PLC Receive relevant information, calculate and output corresponding action commands to control valves, motors and other actuators; this subsystem can be independently monitored.

换热站监控子系统的参数监控工作流程如图2所示，依据一次系统出水压力P11、一次系统出水温度T11、一次系统回水压力P12、一次系统回水温度T12、二次系统出水压力P21、二次系统出水温度T21、二次系统回水压力P22二次系统回水温度T22、流量F21等参数，并考虑不同时段热负荷需求的变化、室外温度Tout、室内温度Tin用户类别不同等其他负荷影响因素Fqt，修正和补偿控制值，自动调整电磁三通阀V1开度、控制二次系统循环泵M1和二次系统的补水泵M2，实现一次系统和二次系统流量和压力的自调节，解决水力失调问题；视频服务器将摄像机采集到的视频信号进行编码压缩，并通过交换机、无线路由器和发送天线传输到中央控制室，并接收来自中央控制室的指令实现对摄像机的调节与控制。The parameter monitoring workflow of the monitoring subsystem of the heat exchange station is shown in Figure 2, based on the outlet water pressure P11 of the primary system, the outlet water temperature T11 of the primary system, the return water pressure P12 of the primary system, the return water temperature T12 of the primary system, and the outlet water pressure of the secondary system P21 , Secondary system outlet water temperature T21, secondary system return water pressure P22 Secondary system return water temperature T22, flow F21 and other parameters, and consider the change of heat load demand in different periods, outdoor temperature Tout, indoor temperature Tin and other user categories Load influencing factor Fqt, correcting and compensating the control value, automatically adjusting the opening of the electromagnetic three-way valve V1, controlling the circulation pump M1 of the secondary system and the supplementary water pump M2 of the secondary system, and realizing the self-regulation of the flow and pressure of the primary system and the secondary system , to solve the problem of hydraulic imbalance; the video server encodes and compresses the video signal collected by the camera, and transmits it to the central control room through the switch, wireless router and sending antenna, and receives instructions from the central control room to realize the adjustment and control of the camera.

上述换热站监控子系统的主要设备实施例及实现功能具体说明如下：The main equipment embodiments and realization functions of the above-mentioned heat exchange station monitoring subsystem are described in detail as follows:

温度传感器采用昆仑海岸JWB型一体化温度变送器，主要技术参数：量程为0-100℃，输出为4-20mA电流信号，供电电压为24VDC。The temperature sensor adopts Kunlun Coastal JWB type integrated temperature transmitter, the main technical parameters: the range is 0-100 ℃, the output is 4-20mA current signal, and the power supply voltage is 24VDC.

压力传感器采用昆仑海岸的JYB-KO-HAG型，主要技术参数：量程为0-5MPa，输出为4-20mA电流信号，供电电压为24VDC。The pressure sensor adopts the JYB-KO-HAG type of Kunlun Coast, the main technical parameters: the range is 0-5MPa, the output is 4-20mA current signal, and the power supply voltage is 24VDC.

PLC控制柜采用西门子的S7-200，主要技术参数：处理器为CPU226，数字扩展模块为EM223，模拟量扩展模块EM235，以太网通讯模块为CP243，供电电压为85-264VAC。The PLC control cabinet adopts Siemens S7-200, the main technical parameters: the processor is CPU226, the digital expansion module is EM223, the analog expansion module is EM235, the Ethernet communication module is CP243, and the power supply voltage is 85-264VAC.

无线路由器采用美国朗讯ORiNOCO RG-1000ROR室外用无线路由器，主要技术参数：工作频段为2.4GHz，最远距离可传输16km，最大传输速率为11M，工作电压为12VDC。The wireless router adopts the American Lucent ORiNOCO RG-1000ROR outdoor wireless router. The main technical parameters: the working frequency band is 2.4GHz, the longest transmission distance is 16km, the maximum transmission rate is 11M, and the working voltage is 12VDC.

单向天线采用AirStream^TM AS5800D宽带无线，主要技术参数：工作频率为2.4GHz，接入方式为时分双工(TDD)，每信道占用带宽20/40M，内置天线增益为18dBi，外接最大增益为24dBi。The unidirectional antenna adopts AirStream ^TM AS5800D broadband wireless, the main technical parameters: the working frequency is 2.4GHz, the access mode is time division duplex (TDD), each channel occupies a bandwidth of 20/40M, the built-in antenna gain is 18dBi, and the maximum external gain is 24dBi .

采用的变频器、电磁三通阀、摄像机、视频服务器与锅炉监控子系统的相同。The frequency converter, electromagnetic three-way valve, camera, and video server used are the same as those of the boiler monitoring subsystem.

采用的交换机与中央控制室主系统相同。The switch used is the same as the main system of the central control room.

本发明提出一种基于上述系统的锅炉及换热站智能监控方法，所述系统包括设置在锅炉房及各个换热站的主要由PLC控制柜组成的多个监控子系统，设置在中央控制室的由多个主机组成的监控主系统，所述各监控子系统通过有线或无线方式与中央控制室主系统进行通讯，该方法如图3所示，包括以下步骤：The present invention proposes an intelligent monitoring method for boilers and heat exchange stations based on the above system. The system includes a plurality of monitoring subsystems mainly composed of PLC control cabinets arranged in the boiler room and each heat exchange station, and arranged in the central control room. A monitoring main system composed of a plurality of hosts, each of the monitoring subsystems communicates with the main system of the central control room through wired or wireless methods. The method is shown in Figure 3 and includes the following steps:

1)各监控子系统实时采集锅炉及换热站参数信号和视频信号；1) Each monitoring subsystem collects boiler and heat exchange station parameter signals and video signals in real time;

2)各监控子系统对采集的参数信号进行模数转换后传输给PLC控制柜(对于锅炉监控子系统还包括传输给操作员站)，转步骤3)；对所采集的视频信号经编码和压缩后，以无线或有线方式发送到中央控制室各主机，转步骤4)；2) Each monitoring subsystem performs analog-to-digital conversion on the collected parameter signal and then transmits it to the PLC control cabinet (for the boiler monitoring subsystem, it also includes transmission to the operator station), then go to step 3); the collected video signal is encoded and After compression, send it wirelessly or wiredly to each host in the central control room, go to step 4);

3)PLC控制柜对接收到的参数信号，依据设定的工作流程进行处理，输出含有参数控制值的控制指令实施对现场设备的执行，转步骤2)；并将该接收的参数信号及参数控制值以无线或有线方式发送到中央控制室各主机，转步骤4)；同时，接收中央控制室和各换热站的信息，进行协同监控；3) The PLC control cabinet processes the received parameter signal according to the set work flow, outputs the control command containing the parameter control value to implement the execution of the field equipment, and turns to step 2); and the received parameter signal and parameter The control value is sent to each host in the central control room in a wireless or wired manner, and then go to step 4); at the same time, receive information from the central control room and each heat exchange station for collaborative monitoring;

4)中央控制室各主机对接收的信息进行分析处理后，分别进行参数监控和视频监控，输出控制值并发送给PLC控制柜，转步骤3)，同时转步骤5)；4) After the hosts in the central control room analyze and process the received information, they perform parameter monitoring and video monitoring respectively, output control values and send them to the PLC control cabinet, go to step 3), and go to step 5);

5)所述中央控制室服务器将接收的信息进行网络发布，用户经授权通过网络实现锅炉及换热站的远程监视。5) The server in the central control room publishes the received information on the network, and the user is authorized to realize the remote monitoring of the boiler and the heat exchange station through the network.

上述步骤3)的工作流程(以换热站PLC控制柜为例)，如图4所示，包括以下步骤：The workflow of the above step 3) (taking the PLC control cabinet of the heat exchange station as an example), as shown in Figure 4, includes the following steps:

31)PLC控制柜对采集的温度、压力、阀门开度等实时信息进行量程转换等处理，转步骤32)；同时，将处理后信息发送给中央控制室，转步骤36)；31) The PLC control cabinet performs range conversion and other processing on the collected real-time information such as temperature, pressure, and valve opening, and turns to step 32); at the same time, sends the processed information to the central control room, and turns to step 36);

32)计算二次系统出水和回水的压力差和温度差等参数；32) Calculate parameters such as the pressure difference and temperature difference between the outlet water and the return water of the secondary system;

33)根据计算出的数据判断二次系统的压差是否满足预先设定的值(通过运行一段时间经验得到的最佳压差值)，若不满足则输出控制值至变频器，由变频器输出控制循环泵或补水泵，增加循环水流速或补充损失的水量，转步骤32)；如果满足系统压差，转步骤34)；33) According to the calculated data, judge whether the differential pressure of the secondary system satisfies the preset value (the optimal differential pressure value obtained through experience of running for a period of time), if not, output the control value to the inverter, and the inverter Output control circulation pump or supplementary water pump, increase circulating water flow rate or supplement lost water, go to step 32); if satisfy system differential pressure, go to step 34);

34)判断二次系统出水和回水温差是否满足预先设定值(通过运行一段时间经验得到的最佳温差值)，若满足则转步骤32)继续进行计算压差和温差，如不满足，则依据相应的锅炉及换热站热量模型得出控制值，将控制值输出，用来调节一次系统的电磁阀，其中，该锅炉及换热站热量模型的中的各个系数由供热区域面积、建筑结构、用户类型及水循环周期等静态信息决定，转步骤35)；34) Judging whether the temperature difference between the outlet water and the return water of the secondary system meets the preset value (the best temperature difference value obtained through experience of running for a period of time), if it is satisfied, go to step 32) to continue to calculate the pressure difference and temperature difference, if not satisfied, The control value is obtained according to the heat model of the corresponding boiler and heat exchange station, and the control value is output to adjust the solenoid valve of the primary system, wherein, each coefficient in the heat model of the boiler and heat exchange station is determined by the area of the heating area , building structure, user type and water cycle and other static information decisions, go to step 35);

35)延迟一个水循环周期时间((通过运行一段时间经验分析得到的实际值)，判断温差是否满足预先设定值，若满足，则转步骤32)继续计算压差和温差；不满足则将该温差信息发送给中央控制室，转步骤36)；35) Delay a water cycle cycle time ((actual value obtained through empirical analysis of running for a period of time), judge whether the temperature difference meets the preset value, if it is satisfied, then go to step 32) to continue to calculate the pressure difference and temperature difference; if not satisfied, the The temperature difference information is sent to the central control room, go to step 36);

36)中央控制室主系统和锅炉监控子系统协同监控，对锅炉主系统进行控制，调节锅炉出水温度和压力等，转步骤34)。36) The main system in the central control room and the boiler monitoring subsystem cooperate to monitor, control the main boiler system, adjust the temperature and pressure of the boiler outlet water, etc., go to step 34).

上述步骤4)对参数监控，如图2所示，具体包括以下步骤：Above-mentioned step 4) to parameter monitoring, as shown in Figure 2, specifically comprises the following steps:

411)对所述参数信息分别进行判断计算、信息综合、统计分析和预警报警：411) Carry out judgment calculation, information synthesis, statistical analysis and early warning and alarm on the parameter information:

所述参数主机利用接收的出水压力、回水压力、出水温度和回水温度、阀门开度等参数数据，对被监控过程状态进行判断，并利用锅炉及换热站热量模型，对各换热站所需热量供应、需开启锅炉台数、补水量等利用已知常规算法进行实时计算；对接收到的鼓风机、引风机、补水泵、循环泵等所有被监控设备的参数信息进行综合分析，得到各子系统的被监控设备的运行状态；对供热水循环周期、不同时期热量需求、水量损失等信息进行统计分析；对炉膛含氧量、锅炉水位等参数的越限进行预警报警，报警形式包括声光报警、短信报警等，出现报警情况，触发视频监控自动弹出报警场所的视频画面；The parameter host judges the state of the monitored process by using the received water outlet pressure, return water pressure, outlet water temperature, return water temperature, valve opening and other parameter data, and uses the heat model of the boiler and heat exchange station to determine the temperature of each heat exchange station. The heat supply required by the station, the number of boilers that need to be turned on, and the amount of water replenishment are calculated in real time using known conventional algorithms; the parameter information of all monitored equipment such as blowers, induced draft fans, water replenishment pumps, and circulation pumps received is comprehensively analyzed to obtain The operating status of the monitored equipment of each subsystem; statistical analysis of information such as hot water supply cycle, heat demand in different periods, and water loss; early warning and alarm for parameters such as furnace oxygen content and boiler water level. The alarm forms include: Sound and light alarm, SMS alarm, etc., when an alarm occurs, the video surveillance will be triggered to automatically pop up the video screen of the alarm place;

412)对步骤411)计算后的参数信息进行智能控制、安全评估与故障诊断：412) Perform intelligent control, safety assessment and fault diagnosis on the parameter information calculated in step 411):

利用已有的人工智能技术，进行信息融合分析与判断后，计算所需运行锅炉的输出功率等参数，输出锅炉、换热站的调节或控制值，发送到各监控子系统；对锅炉及换热站的运行状态进行实时安全评估，预测可能发生的事故及事故后果，给出应采取的应急措施与方法；对于水泵设备不工作等异常情况进行故障分析，判断可能发生故障的位置、故障类型；Using the existing artificial intelligence technology, after information fusion analysis and judgment, calculate the output power and other parameters of the boiler to be operated, output the adjustment or control value of the boiler and heat exchange station, and send it to each monitoring subsystem; Carry out real-time safety assessment of the operating status of the thermal station, predict possible accidents and accident consequences, and give emergency measures and methods to be taken; conduct fault analysis for abnormal conditions such as pump equipment not working, and judge the location and type of possible faults ;

413)实时动态显示、存储与查询：413) Real-time dynamic display, storage and query:

中央控制室主机、显示大屏和锅炉子系统的操作员站上实时动态显示监控现场采集的参数值、锅炉及换热站的动态画面、趋势曲线以及班组报表/日报表等；对采集及处理后的参数数据及分析、评估等信息自动存入实时和历史数据库，用户根据需要进行查询所有保存在数据库中的信息，锅炉监控子系统的仪表控制台显示锅炉子系统的参数信息。The host computer in the central control room, the large display screen and the operator station of the boiler sub-system dynamically display and monitor the parameter values collected on site in real time, the dynamic pictures of boilers and heat exchange stations, trend curves, and team reports/daily reports, etc.; for collection and processing The final parameter data, analysis, evaluation and other information are automatically stored in real-time and historical databases, and users can query all the information stored in the database according to their needs. The instrument console of the boiler monitoring subsystem displays the parameter information of the boiler subsystem.

上述步骤4)对视频监控具体包括：Above-mentioned step 4) concretely comprises to video monitoring:

421)若发生视频报警(例如侦测到人员进入禁止区域)，将自动弹出报警区域的画面；采集到视频图像信息将按照预先设置的方式进行显示；421) If a video alarm occurs (for example, when a person is detected entering a prohibited area), the screen of the alarm area will automatically pop up; the collected video image information will be displayed according to the preset method;

422)对现场视频监视进行远近调焦，转动摄像机云台进行左、右及上、下多角度调节，从而实现对换热站、锅炉的关键部位设备和场所进行远程巡视；422) Carry out far and near focus on on-site video surveillance, and turn the camera pan/tilt to adjust left, right, up and down multi-angles, so as to realize remote inspection of key parts of heat exchange stations and boilers and places;

423)在主机或显示大屏上以N²屏多种方式进行视频图像实时显示，各路的视频进行自动录像，用户可以对所有的录像进行查询和回放等操作。423) Real-time display of video images in multiple ways of N ² screens on the host or large display screen, automatic recording of videos from various channels, and users can perform operations such as query and playback of all videos.

本发明所述的方法内容均可采用本领域的常规技术手段编程实现。The content of the method described in the present invention can be programmed and implemented by conventional technical means in the field.