CN101549331B - Compound oil-gas separation method and compound oil-gas separator - Google Patents

本发明涉及一种分离气流中液体或固体颗粒的方法及装置，尤其是应用于内燃机曲轴箱窜气的一种复式油气分离及复式油气分离器。该方法是采用主动离心式与被动旋风式分离相结合的方式进行分离；该装置主要由主动离心式和被动旋风式分离器串联组成，主动离心式分离器为一级分离，被动旋风式分离器为二级分离，主动离心式分离器的气体出口(C)通过管路与被动旋风式分离器的气体切向进口(D)相通；被动旋风式油气分离器的分离腔中心布置排气插入管(13)，形成被动旋风式分离器气体出口(E)，被动旋风式油气分离器的分离腔的下端设有与曲轴箱联通的机油出口(F)。本发明具有分离效率高、适应窜气量随工况的变化的特点。

The invention relates to a method and a device for separating liquid or solid particles in an airflow, in particular to a compound oil-gas separator and a compound oil-gas separator applied to crankcase blow-by gas of an internal combustion engine. The method adopts the combination of active centrifugal and passive cyclone separation; the device is mainly composed of active centrifugal and passive cyclone separators connected in series, the active centrifugal separator is one-stage separation, and the passive cyclone separator For secondary separation, the gas outlet (C) of the active centrifugal separator communicates with the gas tangential inlet (D) of the passive cyclone separator through pipelines; the exhaust insertion pipe is arranged in the center of the separation chamber of the passive cyclone oil-gas separator (13), forming a passive cyclone separator gas outlet (E), the lower end of the separation chamber of the passive cyclone oil-gas separator is provided with an oil outlet (F) communicated with the crankcase. The invention has the characteristics of high separation efficiency and adaptability to the change of blow-by gas volume with working conditions.

复式油气分离方法及复式油气分离器 Compound oil-gas separation method and compound oil-gas separator

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种分离气流中机油或固体颗粒的装置，尤其是涉及内燃机曲轴箱气体的油气分离器。The invention relates to a device for separating engine oil or solid particles in gas flow, in particular to an oil-gas separator for crankcase gas of an internal combustion engine.

背景技术Background technique

随着汽车排放法规的日益严格，新技术的不断采用，它们均要求对内燃机曲轴箱窜气进行油气的高效分离。在内燃机压缩和作功冲程期间，气缸内部分高压气体通过活塞环的端隙、活塞环与环槽间的侧隙、活塞环与气缸壁的间隙窜入曲轴箱，窜气量随内燃机转速、负荷和状态而变化，并逐渐增加曲轴箱压力；由于曲轴箱与油底壳相通，受高温和飞溅作用，使油雾状机油卷入曲轴箱窜气中，最终形成含油气体。为了避免密封件损坏，需维持曲轴箱的压力平衡。若将含油的窜气直接排入大气，油雾引起的HC排放会污染环境，为排放法规所禁止。此外，油雾在换热部件外表面的沉积，会急剧恶化传热性能。目前广泛采用曲轴箱闭式通风系统，将窜气送回进气系统和燃烧室予以回收。然而，一方面，窜气中的机油会沿途粘附在进气系统内的增压器叶片、中冷器内壁面、喷油器精密喷孔上，影响部件的工作性能及寿命，另一方面，增加内燃机的机油消耗量，同时，机油属于重质烃份，燃烧后极易产生碳烟，出现缸内积碳、有害颗粒物排放增加、尾气后处理器性能和寿命恶化等现象，因此，有必要利用油气分离器对曲轴箱窜气进行油气的高效分离。With the increasingly stringent automobile emission regulations and the continuous adoption of new technologies, they all require the efficient separation of oil and gas from the crankcase blow-by gas of internal combustion engines. During the compression and power stroke of the internal combustion engine, part of the high-pressure gas in the cylinder escapes into the crankcase through the end gap of the piston ring, the side gap between the piston ring and the ring groove, and the gap between the piston ring and the cylinder wall. And the state changes, and gradually increase the crankcase pressure; because the crankcase is connected to the oil pan, under the action of high temperature and splashing, the oil mist oil is involved in the blow-by gas of the crankcase, and finally forms oily gas. To avoid damage to the seals, it is necessary to maintain a pressure balance in the crankcase. If the blow-by gas containing oil is discharged directly into the atmosphere, the HC emission caused by oil mist will pollute the environment, which is prohibited by emission regulations. In addition, the deposition of oil mist on the outer surface of the heat exchange components will drastically deteriorate the heat transfer performance. At present, the crankcase closed ventilation system is widely used to send the blow-by gas back to the intake system and the combustion chamber for recovery. However, on the one hand, the oil in the blow-by gas will adhere to the turbocharger blades in the intake system, the inner wall of the intercooler, and the precision nozzle holes of the fuel injector along the way, which will affect the working performance and life of the components. , to increase the oil consumption of the internal combustion engine. At the same time, engine oil is a heavy hydrocarbon, which is prone to produce soot after combustion, carbon deposits in the cylinder, increased emissions of harmful particulate matter, and deterioration of the performance and life of the exhaust gas post-processor. Therefore, there are It is necessary to use an oil-gas separator to efficiently separate oil and gas from crankcase blow-by gas.

现有内燃机广泛采用无需外界能量输入的被动式油气分离器。有的采用容积或迷宫式原理，它们具有压损小、成本低的特点，但结构不紧凑，且只能分离大油滴；旋风式油气分离器结构紧凑，但压损大，较低窜气流量时分离效果差；另外，部分内燃机采用滤芯式油气分离器，虽然分离效率高，但阻力大，需定期更换滤芯。并且它们都不能满足窜气量随工况变化油气高效分离的要求，上述问题成为制约内燃机进一步降低排放、采用多级增压等新技术应用的障碍。Existing internal combustion engines widely use passive oil-gas separators that do not require external energy input. Some adopt the principle of volume or labyrinth, which have the characteristics of small pressure loss and low cost, but the structure is not compact, and can only separate large oil droplets; the cyclone oil-gas separator is compact in structure, but has large pressure loss and low blow-by In addition, some internal combustion engines use filter-type oil-gas separators. Although the separation efficiency is high, the resistance is large, and the filter elements need to be replaced regularly. Moreover, none of them can meet the requirement of high-efficiency separation of oil and gas with the amount of blow-by gas changing with the working conditions. The above problems have become obstacles to the application of new technologies such as further reducing emissions of internal combustion engines and adopting multi-stage supercharging.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种复式油气分离方法及复式油气分离器，解决内燃机全工况下的油气高效分离问题。The object of the present invention is to provide a compound oil-gas separation method and a compound oil-gas separator to solve the problem of high-efficiency oil-gas separation under all working conditions of an internal combustion engine.

为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案结合附图说明如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is described as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

一种复式油气分离方法，采用主动离心式与被动旋风式分离相结合的方式进行分离，主动离心式分离为一级分离，被动旋风式分离为二级分离；A compound oil-gas separation method, which adopts the combination of active centrifugal and passive cyclone separation, the active centrifugal separation is one-stage separation, and the passive cyclone separation is two-stage separation;

所述的主动离心式分离是通过外部动力源驱动叶片旋转，将曲轴箱窜气吸入分离腔，经离心分离的机油依靠重力沿窜气口流回曲轴箱；The active centrifugal separation is to drive the blades to rotate through an external power source, suck the crankcase blow-by gas into the separation chamber, and the centrifugally separated engine oil flows back to the crankcase along the blow-by gas port by gravity;

经一级主动离心分离后的油气通过管路沿被动旋风式分离腔的切向进口被高速压入，形成螺旋向下的旋转气流，进一步离心分离；After the first stage of active centrifugal separation, the oil and gas are pressed in at high speed along the tangential inlet of the passive cyclone separation chamber through the pipeline, forming a spiral downward rotating air flow for further centrifugal separation;

二级被动离心分离后的机油沿分离腔的下端与曲轴箱联通的机油出口进入曲轴箱，经分离后的气体经出口排出。The engine oil after secondary passive centrifugation enters the crankcase through the oil outlet connected to the crankcase at the lower end of the separation chamber, and the separated gas is discharged through the outlet.

检测内燃机运行期间的转速、负荷、曲轴箱压力等参数，设定一级主动离心分离器传动轴转速。Detect parameters such as the speed, load, and crankcase pressure during the operation of the internal combustion engine, and set the speed of the drive shaft of the primary active centrifugal separator.

根据所述的复式油气分离方法制作的一种复式油气分离器，主要由主动离心式和被动旋风式分离器组成，主动离心式和被动旋风式分离器串联布置，主动离心式分离器为一级分离，被动旋风式分离器为二级分离，主动离心式分离器的气体出口C通过管路与被动旋风式分离器的气体切向进口D相通；被动旋风式油气分离器的分离腔中心布置排气插入管13，形成被动旋风式分离器气体出口E，被动旋风式油气分离器的分离腔的下端设有与曲轴箱联通的机油出口F。A compound oil-gas separator manufactured according to the compound oil-gas separation method is mainly composed of active centrifugal and passive cyclone separators, the active centrifugal and passive cyclone separators are arranged in series, and the active centrifugal separator is a first-stage Separation, the passive cyclone separator is two-stage separation, the gas outlet C of the active centrifugal separator communicates with the gas tangential inlet D of the passive cyclone separator through pipelines; the center of the separation chamber of the passive cyclone oil-gas separator is arranged The gas is inserted into the pipe 13 to form the gas outlet E of the passive cyclone separator, and the lower end of the separation chamber of the passive cyclone oil-gas separator is provided with an oil outlet F communicating with the crankcase.

所述的主动离心式油气分离器通过减振支承块4安装到内燃机或车架上，主动离心式油气分离器的分离腔由紧固在一起的下壳体3和上壳体6组成，分离腔内装有叶片14，叶片14由外部动力源9驱动叶片传动轴8旋转。The active centrifugal oil-gas separator is installed on the internal combustion engine or the vehicle frame through the shock-absorbing support block 4, and the separation chamber of the active centrifugal oil-gas separator is composed of a lower shell 3 and an upper shell 6 fastened together. Blades 14 are housed in the cavity, and the blades 14 are driven by an external power source 9 to rotate the blade transmission shaft 8 .

所述的外部动力源9由机械、电力或压力流体提供。The external power source 9 is provided by machinery, electricity or pressurized fluid.

所述的叶片传动轴8通过轴承2、7分别支撑在下壳体3和上壳体6上，叶片传动轴8转速的控制可以是连续的，也可以是步进的。The blade transmission shaft 8 is respectively supported on the lower casing 3 and the upper casing 6 through the bearings 2 and 7, and the control of the speed of the blade transmission shaft 8 can be continuous or stepwise.

所述的下壳体3的底面通过肋支承轴承座，肋间开口B允许窜气进入分离腔，底面外圆周装有带窜气进口A的窜气入口导流罩1，所述的上壳体6的主动离心式分离器气体出口C在壳体壁面上切向布置。The bottom surface of the lower shell 3 supports the bearing seat through the ribs, the opening B between the ribs allows the blow-by gas to enter the separation chamber, the outer circumference of the bottom surface is equipped with a blow-by gas inlet shroud 1 with a blow-by gas inlet A, and the upper shell The active centrifugal separator gas outlet C of the body 6 is arranged tangentially on the housing wall.

所述的被动旋风式油气分离器壳体11由圆柱段和圆锥段组成分离腔，被动旋风式分离器的气体切向进口D与壳体的圆柱段11相切，在圆柱段与圆锥段交界处，中心插入管13的下端设置挡板12。The housing 11 of the passive cyclone oil-gas separator is composed of a cylindrical section and a conical section to form a separation cavity. The gas tangential inlet D of the passive cyclone type separator is tangent to the cylindrical section 11 of the housing, and at the junction of the cylindrical section and the conical section A baffle 12 is provided at the lower end of the central insertion tube 13 .

本发明采用主动离心式和被动旋风式分离器串联的复式分离技术方案。主动离心式分离器通过外部动力源驱动传动轴带动叶片旋转，含油的曲轴箱窜气在叶片带动下形成绕中心轴线的旋转运动，实现油气一级离心分离；经过一级分离的气体从主动分离器上端出口流出，沿切线方向进入被动旋风式分离器，形成螺旋向下的旋转气流，进一步离心分离。在圆柱段和圆锥段交界处设置挡板，避免流动短路和无效的二次旋流；该复式分离方案，一方面减轻了主动离心式分离器的负荷，降低了所需的传动轴转速，简化了叶片形状及设计难度，另一方面，它增加了净化气体的出口压力和流速，有效弥补了被动旋风式分离器较大的压力损失，同时，增加的流速可大幅提高其分离效率，因而，该复式方案具有较高的性价比。内燃机运转期间，依据发动机运转工况引起的窜气量变化，闭环控制传动轴转速，实现全工况的油气高效分离，降低外界能量的输入，维持曲轴箱压力为设定范围内，保证密封件工作可靠。The present invention adopts the compound separation technical scheme in which active centrifugal and passive cyclone separators are connected in series. The active centrifugal separator drives the transmission shaft through an external power source to drive the blades to rotate, and the oily crankcase blow-by gas is driven by the blades to form a rotational motion around the central axis, realizing the first-stage centrifugal separation of oil and gas; the gas that has undergone the first-stage separation is separated from the active The flow out from the outlet at the upper end of the device enters the passive cyclone separator along the tangential direction to form a spiral downward rotating air flow for further centrifugal separation. A baffle is set at the junction of the cylindrical section and the conical section to avoid flow short circuit and ineffective secondary swirling flow; on the one hand, this compound separation scheme reduces the load on the active centrifugal separator, reduces the required speed of the transmission shaft, and simplifies On the other hand, it increases the outlet pressure and flow velocity of the purified gas, which effectively compensates for the large pressure loss of the passive cyclone separator. At the same time, the increased flow velocity can greatly improve its separation efficiency. Therefore, The duplex scheme has high cost performance. During the operation of the internal combustion engine, according to the change of blow-by gas caused by the operating conditions of the engine, the closed-loop control of the transmission shaft speed realizes the efficient separation of oil and gas under all working conditions, reduces the input of external energy, maintains the crankcase pressure within the set range, and ensures the work of the seals reliable.

本发明具有分离效率高、适应窜气量随工况的变化的特点，解决了排放法规及新技术对曲轴箱窜气的油气分离的严格要求，具有较高的性价比，可广泛应用于各种内燃机。The invention has the characteristics of high separation efficiency and adaptability to the change of blow-by gas volume with working conditions, solves the strict requirements of emission regulations and new technologies on the oil-gas separation of crankcase blow-by gas, has high cost performance, and can be widely used in various internal combustion engines .

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

图2是图1的I-I处剖视图。Fig. 2 is a sectional view at I-I of Fig. 1 .

图中：1.窜气入口导流罩；2.轴承；3.下壳体；4.减振缓冲块；5.螺钉；6.上壳体；7.轴承；8.传动轴；9.外部动力源；10.螺钉；11.壳体；12.挡板；13.插入管；14.叶片；15.螺钉；In the figure: 1. Blow-by gas inlet shroud; 2. Bearing; 3. Lower shell; 4. Damping buffer block; 5. Screw; 6. Upper shell; 7. Bearing; 8. Transmission shaft; 9. External power source; 10. Screw; 11. Shell; 12. Baffle; 13. Insertion tube; 14. Blade; 15. Screw;

A.窜气进口；B.肋间开口；C.主动离心式分离器气体出口；D.被动旋风式分离器的气体切向进口；E.被动旋风式分离器气体出口；F.机油出口；A. Blow-by gas inlet; B. Intercostal opening; C. Gas outlet of active centrifugal separator; D. Gas tangential inlet of passive cyclone separator; E. Gas outlet of passive cyclone separator; F. Oil outlet;

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图所示实例，进一步说明本发明的具体内容及其工作过程。Below in conjunction with the example shown in the accompanying drawings, further illustrate the specific content of the present invention and its working process.

一种主动、被动离心分离原理相结合的复式油气分离方法。其中，主动离心式分离器通过外部动力源9驱动传动轴8，带动叶片14旋转，将曲轴箱窜气吸入分离腔，根据曲轴箱窜气量随内燃机工况的变化，闭环控制传动轴8的转速，实现全工况的油气高效分离，并维持曲轴箱压力在设定的范围内，其加压、增速的排出气体沿切向进入被动旋风式分离器，提高分离效率，弥补了被动旋风式分离器压力损失较大和低速时分离效率低的缺点。A compound oil-gas separation method combining active and passive centrifugal separation principles. Among them, the active centrifugal separator drives the transmission shaft 8 through the external power source 9, drives the blades 14 to rotate, sucks the crankcase blow-by gas into the separation chamber, and controls the speed of the transmission shaft 8 in a closed loop according to the variation of the crankcase blow-by gas with the working conditions of the internal combustion engine , to achieve high-efficiency separation of oil and gas under all working conditions, and to maintain the crankcase pressure within the set range. The pressurized and accelerated exhaust gas enters the passive cyclone separator along the tangential direction, which improves the separation efficiency and makes up for the passive cyclone separator. The separator has the disadvantages of large pressure loss and low separation efficiency at low speed.

一种复式油气分离器，由主动离心式和被动旋风式分离器串联组成，其中，主动离心式分离器为一级分离，被动旋风式分离器为二级分离，主动离心式分离器的气体出口C通过管路与被动旋风式分离器的气体切向进口D相通。A compound oil-gas separator, which is composed of active centrifugal and passive cyclone separators in series, wherein the active centrifugal separator is one-stage separation, the passive cyclone separator is two-stage separation, and the gas outlet of the active centrifugal separator is C communicates with the gas tangential inlet D of the passive cyclone separator through a pipeline.

一种主动离心式分离器，由外部动力源9驱动传动轴8，带动叶片14旋转，它们之间为刚性连接；分离腔由下壳体3和上壳体6组成，二者由螺钉5紧固，并通过减振支承块4安装到内燃机或车架上；下壳体3和上壳体6上分别安装轴承2和7，支承传动轴8；下壳体3的底面通过肋支承轴承座，肋间开口B允许窜气进入分离腔，底面外圆周与窜气入口导流罩1通过螺钉连接；上壳体6壁面上设有气体切向出口。An active centrifugal separator, the drive shaft 8 is driven by an external power source 9, and the blades 14 are driven to rotate, and they are rigidly connected; It is solid and installed on the internal combustion engine or vehicle frame through the damping support block 4; bearings 2 and 7 are respectively installed on the lower shell 3 and the upper shell 6 to support the transmission shaft 8; the bottom surface of the lower shell 3 supports the bearing seat through ribs , The intercostal opening B allows the blow-by gas to enter the separation chamber, and the outer circumference of the bottom surface is connected with the blow-by gas inlet shroud 1 by screws; the upper shell 6 wall is provided with a gas tangential outlet.

一种被动旋风式油气分离器，壳体11由圆柱段和圆锥段组成分离腔，中心布置排气插入管13，被动旋风式分离器的气体切向进口D与壳体的圆柱段11相切，锥段底部设有机油出口F，在中心插入管13的下端、圆柱段与圆锥段交界处，设置挡板12。A passive cyclone oil-gas separator, the casing 11 is composed of a cylindrical section and a conical section to form a separation chamber, and an exhaust insertion pipe 13 is arranged in the center, and the gas tangential inlet D of the passive cyclone separator is tangent to the cylindrical section 11 of the casing , The bottom of the cone section is provided with an oil outlet F, and a baffle plate 12 is set at the lower end of the central insertion pipe 13 and at the junction of the cylindrical section and the conical section.

参阅图1所示，采用主动离心式和被动旋风式分离器串联的复式分离技术方案。主动离心式分离器通过外部动力源9驱动传动轴8，带动叶片14旋转，将曲轴箱窜气由导流罩1形成的窜气进口A、下壳体3底面肋间开口B吸入分离腔，带动含油的窜气形成绕中心轴线的旋转运动，由此产生的离心力将密度大于气体的机油甩到内壁，重力使机油向下流动，并由窜气入口A流回曲轴箱，实现油气分离；被分离气体由上壳体6的主动离心式分离器气体出口C流出，进入被动旋风式分离器的气体切向进口D，其壳体11的圆柱段对气流的约束使其直线运动变为圆周运动，旋转气流沿内壁螺旋向下，朝壳体11的圆锥段流动，利用离心力实现油气的进一步分离，分离的机油由壳体11的圆锥段底部机油出口F排出，净化气流受到中心低压区的吸引，由中心插入管13形成的被动旋风式分离器气体出口E流出。壳体11的圆柱段和圆锥段交界处设置挡板12，避免流动短路和无效的二次旋流；该复式分离方案，一方面减轻了主动离心式分离器的负荷，降低了所需的传动轴8转速，简化了叶片14形状及设计难度，另一方面，它增加了净化气体的主动离心式分离器气体出口C处的压力和流速，有效弥补了被动旋风式分离器较大的压力损失，同时，增加的流速可大幅提高其分离效率，因而，该复式方案具有较高的性价比。内燃机运转期间，依据发动机工况引起的窜气量变化，闭环控制传动轴8转速，实现全工况的油气高效分离，降低外界能量的输入，维持曲轴箱压力为设定范围内，保证密封件工作可靠。As shown in Figure 1, the dual separation technology scheme using active centrifugal and passive cyclone separators connected in series. The active centrifugal separator drives the transmission shaft 8 through the external power source 9, drives the blades 14 to rotate, and sucks the crankcase blow-by gas into the separation chamber through the blow-by gas inlet A formed by the shroud 1 and the intercostal opening B on the bottom surface of the lower shell 3. Drive the oil-containing blow-by gas to form a rotary motion around the central axis, and the resulting centrifugal force throws the engine oil, which is denser than the gas, to the inner wall, and the gravity makes the oil flow downward, and flows back to the crankcase through the blow-by gas inlet A to realize oil-gas separation; The gas to be separated flows out from the gas outlet C of the active centrifugal separator of the upper casing 6, and enters the gas tangential inlet D of the passive cyclone separator. Movement, the rotating air flow spirals downward along the inner wall, and flows towards the conical section of the housing 11. The centrifugal force is used to achieve further separation of oil and gas. The separated oil is discharged from the oil outlet F at the bottom of the conical section of the housing 11, and the purified air flow is received by the central low-pressure area. Suction, the passive cyclone gas outlet E formed by the centrally inserted pipe 13 flows out. A baffle 12 is set at the junction of the cylindrical section and the conical section of the shell 11 to avoid flow short circuit and ineffective secondary swirling flow; this double separation scheme, on the one hand, reduces the load of the active centrifugal separator and reduces the required transmission The rotating speed of the shaft 8 simplifies the shape and design difficulty of the blade 14. On the other hand, it increases the pressure and flow rate at the gas outlet C of the active centrifugal separator for purifying the gas, effectively making up for the large pressure loss of the passive cyclone separator. , At the same time, the increased flow rate can greatly improve its separation efficiency, therefore, the duplex scheme has a higher cost performance. During the operation of the internal combustion engine, according to the change in the amount of blow-by gas caused by the engine working conditions, the closed-loop control of the transmission shaft 8 speed, realizes the efficient separation of oil and gas under all working conditions, reduces the input of external energy, maintains the crankcase pressure within the set range, and ensures the seals work reliable.