CN101893484B - Black body spherical surface temperature measurement system for external field infrared radiation measurement and correction - Google Patents

一种用于外场红外辐射测量校准的黑体球表面温度测量系统，采用普通探空气球下挂特制的黑体目标球，按照一定的升速升到空中。黑体目标球表面装有多个温度传感器，用以探测球体表面温度，经过微处理器初步处理后，通过无线数据发射模块，将测量数据发回地面。地面的无线数据接收模块接到这些数据后，送给数据处理计算机，处理后得到目标球表面的实际温度。根据目标球表面温度、红外发射率、投影面积，即可得到目标球在特定波段的红外辐射数据。目标球同时被红外望远镜跟踪探测，得到目标球的红外辐射数据。将这两种辐射数据进行分析对比，就可以得到校准参数。

A blackbody sphere surface temperature measurement system used for external field infrared radiation measurement and calibration. A special blackbody target sphere is hung under an ordinary sounding balloon, and it rises into the air at a certain speed. The surface of the blackbody target ball is equipped with multiple temperature sensors to detect the surface temperature of the ball. After preliminary processing by the microprocessor, the measurement data is sent back to the ground through the wireless data transmission module. After the wireless data receiving module on the ground receives the data, it is sent to the data processing computer, and the actual temperature on the surface of the target ball is obtained after processing. According to the target ball surface temperature, infrared emissivity, and projected area, the infrared radiation data of the target ball in a specific band can be obtained. The target ball is tracked and detected by the infrared telescope at the same time, and the infrared radiation data of the target ball is obtained. The calibration parameters can be obtained by analyzing and comparing the two radiation data.

一种用于外场红外辐射测量校准的黑体球表面温度测量系统A Blackbody Sphere Surface Temperature Measurement System for External Field Infrared Radiation Measurement Calibration

技术领域 technical field

本发明提供一种用于外场红外辐射测量校准的黑体球表面温度测量系统，涉及到红外辐射测量技术、GPS应用技术、单片机应用技术和数字通信技术等领域。The invention provides a blackbody sphere surface temperature measurement system for external field infrared radiation measurement and calibration, and relates to the fields of infrared radiation measurement technology, GPS application technology, single-chip microcomputer application technology, digital communication technology and the like.

背景技术 Background technique

红外辐射温度测量技术广泛应用于被测物体表面温度的非接触测量和目标识别。Infrared radiation temperature measurement technology is widely used in non-contact measurement and target recognition of the surface temperature of the measured object.

红外测温设备由光学系统、光电传感器、信号放大器、数据处理器及显示输出等部分组成。光学系统汇聚其视场内被测目标的红外辐射能量，视场的大小由测温设备的光学零件及其位置确定。被测目标的红外辐射能量聚焦在光电传感器上并转变为相应的电信号。该信号经过放大器、AD转换等信号处理电路转换成数字量，经过数据处理后转变为被测目标的温度值。由于受测目标表面的红外辐射能量是经大气传输到红外检测仪器里的，这就会受到大气中的水蒸汽、二氧化碳、一氧化碳等气体分子的吸收衰减和空气中悬浮微粒的散射衰减。随着测量距离的增大，大气的影响将会越来越大。要获得被测目标温度的准确值，提高测量精度，必须对温度测量结果进行合理的订正。这种订正在地面比较容易进行，可以采用标准温度测量装置同时测量物体表面温度，与红外辐射测量结果进行对比，从而得到校准参数。而要对空中目标进行红外探测，比如对敌方导弹进行探测预警，这种订正则不易实现。Infrared temperature measurement equipment is composed of optical system, photoelectric sensor, signal amplifier, data processor and display output. The optical system gathers the infrared radiation energy of the measured target in its field of view, and the size of the field of view is determined by the optical parts and their positions of the temperature measuring equipment. The infrared radiation energy of the measured target is focused on the photoelectric sensor and converted into a corresponding electrical signal. The signal is converted into a digital quantity through signal processing circuits such as an amplifier and AD conversion, and converted into a temperature value of the measured target after data processing. Since the infrared radiation energy on the surface of the measured target is transmitted to the infrared detection instrument through the atmosphere, it will be attenuated by the absorption and attenuation of gas molecules such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere and the scattering attenuation of suspended particles in the air. As the measurement distance increases, the influence of the atmosphere will become greater and greater. In order to obtain the accurate value of the measured target temperature and improve the measurement accuracy, it is necessary to make reasonable corrections to the temperature measurement results. This kind of correction is relatively easy to carry out on the ground, and the standard temperature measuring device can be used to measure the surface temperature of the object at the same time, and compare it with the infrared radiation measurement results to obtain the calibration parameters. However, it is not easy to implement infrared detection of air targets, such as detection and early warning of enemy missiles.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明所提供的黑体球表面温度测量系统，采用普通探空气球下挂特制的黑体目标球，按照一定的升速升到空中。黑体目标球表面装有多个温度传感器，用以探测球体表面温度，经过微处理器初步处理后，通过无线数据发射模块，将测量数据发回地面。地面的无线数据接收模块接到这些数据后，送给数据处理计算机，处理后得到目标球表面的实际温度。根据目标球表面温度、红外发射率、投影面积，即可得到目标球在特定波段的红外辐射数据。目标球同时被红外望远镜跟踪探测，得到目标球的红外辐射数据。将这两种辐射数据进行分析对比，就可以得到校准参数。此外，黑体球还携带了GPS模块，可以接收GPS卫星数据，经计算得到目标球位置数据(经纬度、高度)。这些数据同上述温度数据一起发回地面，由地面接收机接收并经计算机进行坐标变换，得到目标的方位角、仰角等数据，引导红外望远镜跟踪目标球。The blackbody sphere surface temperature measurement system provided by the present invention adopts a special blackbody target sphere hung under an ordinary sounding balloon, and rises into the air at a certain speed. The surface of the blackbody target ball is equipped with multiple temperature sensors to detect the surface temperature of the ball. After preliminary processing by the microprocessor, the measurement data is sent back to the ground through the wireless data transmission module. After the wireless data receiving module on the ground receives these data, it is sent to the data processing computer, and the actual temperature on the surface of the target ball is obtained after processing. According to the target ball surface temperature, infrared emissivity, and projected area, the infrared radiation data of the target ball in a specific band can be obtained. The target ball is tracked and detected by the infrared telescope at the same time, and the infrared radiation data of the target ball is obtained. The calibration parameters can be obtained by analyzing and comparing the two radiation data. In addition, the black body ball also carries a GPS module, which can receive GPS satellite data and calculate the position data (latitude, longitude, altitude) of the target ball. These data are sent back to the ground together with the above-mentioned temperature data, and are received by the ground receiver and transformed by the computer to obtain the azimuth, elevation and other data of the target, and guide the infrared telescope to track the target ball.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是红外辐射校准测量系统组成示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the infrared radiation calibration measurement system.

图2是黑体目标球球体和中心立柱结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blackbody target sphere and the central column.

图3是黑体目标球球体内部电子部件位置分布示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the position distribution of electronic components inside the black body target ball.

图4是黑体目标球球体表面温度传感器位置分布示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position distribution of the temperature sensor on the surface of the black body target ball.

图5是黑体目标球表面温度测量系统原理框图。Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of the black body target ball surface temperature measurement system.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

实施例采用的红外辐射校准测量系统参见图1。由探空气球1，黑体目标球2，红外望远镜跟踪探测车3，红外探测数据处理及黑体球测量数据接收车4等组成。The infrared radiation calibration measurement system used in the embodiment is shown in FIG. 1 . It consists of sounding balloon 1, blackbody target ball 2, infrared telescope tracking and detection vehicle 3, infrared detection data processing and blackbody measurement data receiving vehicle 4, etc.

探空气球1采用普通1000克乳胶气球，充满氦气后可携带目标球升到30公里以上的高空。黑体目标球的结构参见图2，是一个由16片厚度为4厘米的球面体5拼接而成的空心球。球面体的材料由聚苯乙烯发泡材料切割成型，这样即可保持一定强度，又能减轻黑体球的重量。球体的两极连接着1个用同样材料制成的圆柱体6。球的外径为1米，外部套有一层黑色尼龙布缝接的球衣。组装在一起的黑体球内部结构参见图3。圆柱体6的顶端安装有GPS天线7，圆柱体的侧面从上到下分别安装有电路板组合8、电池组9，数传发射机10。电路板组合8采用积木式结构，便于组装和维护，由主MCU电路板、表面温度测量副MCU1电路板、表面温度测量副MCU2电路板、GPS模块电路板组合而成，其间由接插件形成电路连接。尼龙球衣的表面缝接有16个小布袋，用来安装温度传感器，其位置分布参见图4。The sounding balloon 1 uses a common 1000g latex balloon, which can carry the target ball to a height of more than 30 kilometers after being filled with helium. Referring to Fig. 2 for the structure of the black body target ball, it is a hollow ball spliced by 16 spherical bodies 5 with a thickness of 4 cm. The material of the spherical body is cut and shaped by polystyrene foam material, which can maintain a certain strength and reduce the weight of the black body ball. The two poles of the sphere are connected to a cylinder 6 made of the same material. The outer diameter of the ball is 1 meter, and the outside is covered with a jersey stitched with a layer of black nylon cloth. See Figure 3 for the internal structure of the assembled blackbody sphere. The top of the cylinder 6 is equipped with a GPS antenna 7, and the sides of the cylinder are respectively equipped with a circuit board assembly 8, a battery pack 9, and a digital transmitter 10 from top to bottom. The circuit board combination 8 adopts a building block structure, which is easy to assemble and maintain. It is composed of the main MCU circuit board, the surface temperature measurement sub-MCU1 circuit board, the surface temperature measurement sub-MCU2 circuit board, and the GPS module circuit board. connect. There are 16 small cloth pockets sewn on the surface of the nylon jersey, which are used to install temperature sensors. See Figure 4 for their location distribution.

本实施例的电路原理框图请参见图5，分为球上设备和地面设备两部分。Please refer to FIG. 5 for the circuit principle block diagram of this embodiment, which is divided into two parts: the equipment on the ball and the equipment on the ground.

球上设备部分：Equipment part on the ball:

球上设备部分的核心部件是主MCU(微型控制器)，它负责协调整个测量系统的工作，工作流程为：The core component of the equipment on the ball is the main MCU (microcontroller), which is responsible for coordinating the work of the entire measurement system. The workflow is:

1.接收GPS模块发出的数据，包括GPS时间、星况、定位质量指标、目标经纬度、高度等；1. Receive the data sent by the GPS module, including GPS time, star conditions, positioning quality indicators, target latitude and longitude, altitude, etc.;

2.接收常规气象参数传感器发出的气压(P)、温度(T)、湿度(U)数据；2. Receive air pressure (P), temperature (T) and humidity (U) data from conventional meteorological parameter sensors;

3.向表面测温MCU1发数据传送命令，接收测点s1～s8的温度数据；3. Send a data transmission command to the surface temperature measurement MCU1, and receive the temperature data of the measuring points s1~s8;

4.向表面测温MCU2发数据传送命令，接收测点s9～s16的温度数据；4. Send a data transmission command to the surface temperature measurement MCU2, and receive the temperature data of the measuring points s9~s16;

5.将接收到的所有数据进行初步处理并打包后，通过串口(UART)发给数据传送发射机。球上其它部件的功能为：5. After preliminary processing and packaging of all the received data, send it to the data transmission transmitter through the serial port (UART). The functions of other components on the ball are:

GPS模块：通过GPS天线7接收卫星组发出的信号，经处理计算得到定位信息；GPS module: Receive the signal sent by the satellite group through the GPS antenna 7, and obtain the positioning information through processing and calculation;

表面测温MCU1和MCU2模块：通过MCU本身集成的8路10位AD转换器测量温度传感器s1～s16的输出电压，并在接到主MCU命令后，将数据传送给主MCU；Surface temperature measurement MCU1 and MCU2 modules: measure the output voltage of the temperature sensors s1~s16 through the 8-channel 10-bit AD converter integrated in the MCU itself, and transmit the data to the main MCU after receiving the command from the main MCU;

PTU传感器模块：测量大气温压湿参数，传送给主MCU；PTU sensor module: measure atmospheric temperature, pressure and humidity parameters, and send them to the main MCU;

数据传输发射机模块：负责将主MCU发来的数据发送到地面。Data transmission transmitter module: responsible for sending the data sent by the main MCU to the ground.

地面设备部分：Ground equipment part:

地面设备部分由数据传输接收机和数据处理计算机组成。除安装在接收车(图1-4)上一部外，还有一部安装在地面观测点附近的室内。两部地面设备同时接收球上设备发回的数据，以提高系统的可靠性。The ground equipment part is composed of a data transmission receiver and a data processing computer. In addition to the one installed on the receiving vehicle (Figure 1-4), there is another installed indoors near the ground observation point. The two ground equipments simultaneously receive the data sent back by the equipment on the ball to improve the reliability of the system.

数据接收机接到球上发回的数据后，将数据直接传送给数据处理计算机。数据处理计算机对全部数据进行处理，从而得到黑体球的空中坐标(经纬度、高度)、各测点的温度值、大气温压湿数据、球上设备工作状况(如电池电压、舱内温度)等，并将这些数据直接显示在计算机屏幕上。还根据这些数据绘制各种曲线，在数字地图上标出目标球的航迹。计算机还能自动生成数据文件并将各种数据随时存盘。除此之外，计算机还将目标球的GPS位置数据(经纬度、高度)经坐标变换后得到地面红外望远镜跟踪所需的球坐标(方位角、仰角、斜距)，提供给红外望远镜(图1-3)引导其跟踪目标球。After receiving the data sent back from the ball, the data receiver sends the data directly to the data processing computer. The data processing computer processes all the data to obtain the air coordinates (latitude, longitude, altitude) of the black body ball, the temperature value of each measuring point, the atmospheric temperature, pressure and humidity data, the working conditions of the equipment on the ball (such as battery voltage, cabin temperature), etc. , and display the data directly on the computer screen. Various curves are also drawn according to these data, and the track of the target ball is marked on the digital map. The computer can also automatically generate data files and save various data to disk at any time. In addition, the computer also converts the GPS position data (latitude, longitude, altitude) of the target ball to obtain the spherical coordinates (azimuth, elevation, and slant distance) required for ground infrared telescope tracking after coordinate transformation, and provides them to the infrared telescope (Fig. 1 -3) Guide it to track the target ball.

本实施例已经实践多次验证，证明其性能先进、设计合理、工作可靠，为红外辐射测量校准提供了一种新型的技术手段。This embodiment has been verified many times in practice, proving that it has advanced performance, reasonable design, and reliable operation, and provides a new technical means for infrared radiation measurement and calibration.