CN103148844B - A kind of take total powerstation as the forest land sample trees repositioning method of instrument - Google Patents

本发明公开一种以全站仪为工具的林地样木复位方法，以全站仪为工具准确测量林分中每棵样木的坐标，同时对每棵样木进行挂牌编号，通过PDA(Personal Digital Assistant，个人电子助理)进行数据存储，当第二次样木信息测量时，运用全站仪极坐标法进行样木复位，准确找到丢失编号的样木，为林业外业调查工作中样木位置丢失问题提供新的技术方法。The invention discloses a method for resetting woodland sample trees using a total station as a tool. The total station is used as a tool to accurately measure the coordinates of each sample tree in a forest stand, and at the same time carry out listing and numbering on each sample tree, and pass PDA (Personal Digital Assistant, personal electronic assistant) for data storage, when the second sample tree information is measured, use the polar coordinate method of the total station to reset the sample tree, accurately find the sample tree with the lost number, and provide samples for the forestry field investigation work. A new technical approach is provided for the position loss problem.

一种以全站仪为工具的林地样木复位方法A reset method of woodland samples using total station as a tool

一、技术领域1. Technical field

本发明涉及一种森林调查中样木复位技术，特别是利用全站仪配合PDA(Personal DigitalAssistant，个人电子助理)的样木复位方法。The invention relates to a technology for resetting a sample tree in a forest investigation, in particular to a method for resetting a sample tree by using a total station together with a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).

二、技术背景2. Technical background

在传统的森林计测技术手段中，由于需要掌握每棵样木的详细信息，故对每棵样木进行编号并在树高1.3m处固定钢制挂牌，同时便于下次对每颗样木进行复测，但是由于复测间隔时间较长，往往由于人为或自然因素，挂牌丢失无法确认样木编号，对林业调查工作造成很大程度的影响，但是国内外显有解决该问题的良好方法。In the traditional forest measurement technology, since it is necessary to grasp the detailed information of each sample tree, each sample tree is numbered and a steel hang tag is fixed at the tree height of 1.3m. Retesting is carried out, but due to the long interval between retesting, often due to human or natural factors, the number of the sample wood cannot be confirmed due to the loss of the listing, which has a great impact on the forestry investigation work, but there are obviously good methods to solve this problem at home and abroad .

本发明通过使用全站仪获取每颗样木坐标信息，同时利用PDA(Personal Digital Assistant，个人电子助理)进行数据存储和处理，采用极坐标法完成对丢失编号样木复位。该方法利用先进测量仪器，采用极坐标方法完成对样木的精准复位，方法高效、简单易行且具有较高精度，有效解决了森林调查技术中样木复位问题。The present invention obtains the coordinate information of each sample wood by using a total station, and at the same time uses a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant, personal electronic assistant) to store and process data, and uses the polar coordinate method to complete the reset of the lost numbered sample wood. The method utilizes advanced measuring instruments and adopts the polar coordinate method to complete the precise reset of the sample tree. The method is efficient, simple and has high precision, and effectively solves the problem of sample tree reset in forest survey technology.

三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention

为解决林业调查复测中出现的样木编号丢失问题，实现林地样木的精准复位，本发明提供一种以全站仪为工具的林地样木复位方法，其特征是：首先在林分中心O点建立量测控制点，安置全站仪，对林分中每棵样木进行坐标测量，实时存储至PDA中，第二次进行样木信息采集时，发现编号为P的样木挂牌丢失，无法找到该样木，利用控制点O，样木P与任意样木A三者坐标信息，利用极坐标模型① β = α OP - α OA = arctan ( y P - y O x P - x O ) - arctan ( y A - y O x A - x O ) 与模型②解算OP与OA水平夹角β与OP距离S；其次在林分中心O点架设全站仪，使望远镜瞄准样木A并将水平角置零，将望远镜顺时针旋转β角，保证望远镜视线与样木P方向线重合，然后在该方向上放置棱镜，配合棱镜测量距离，按照仪器提示控制棱镜前后移动，直到控制点O与棱镜距离为S时，与棱镜所在同一位置的样木即为丢失编号挂牌的样木P。In order to solve the problem of loss of sample numbers in forestry survey and retesting, and to realize accurate reset of forest sample trees, the present invention provides a forest sample reset method using a total station as a tool, which is characterized in that: Establish a measurement control point at point O, install a total station, measure the coordinates of each sample tree in the stand, and store it in the PDA in real time. When the sample tree information was collected for the second time, it was found that the sample tree numbered P was missing. , the sample tree cannot be found, use the control point O, the coordinate information of the sample tree P and any sample tree A, and use the polar coordinate model① β = α OP - α OA = arctan ( the y P - the y o x P - x o ) - arctan ( the y A - the y o x A - x o ) with model② Calculate the horizontal angle β between OP and OA and the OP distance S; secondly, set up a total station at point O in the center of the forest stand, make the telescope aim at the sample tree A and set the horizontal angle to zero, and rotate the telescope clockwise by β angle to ensure the sight line of the telescope Coincide with the direction line of the sample wood P, then place a prism in this direction, measure the distance with the prism, and control the prism to move forward and backward according to the instrument prompts, until the distance between the control point O and the prism is S, the sample wood at the same position as the prism is The sample wood P with the missing serial number.

本项发明与现有方法相比具有以下优点：Compared with existing methods, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1)显著提高样木计测的工作效率，传统的树木因子调查中，测量需要运用测尺、罗盘仪、胸径尺等工具，同时需要记录员进行现场手工记录，工序繁琐。本研究以免棱镜全站仪作为测树工具，同时配合PDA进行现场记录，实现了测量仪器的智能化，一体化，实时性、高可靠性。在一定程度上减轻测量作业强度，拓展了测绘仪器的业务领域。(1) Significantly improve the work efficiency of sample tree measurement. In the traditional tree factor investigation, the measurement needs to use tools such as measuring ruler, compass, and DBH. At the same time, the recorder needs to record manually on site, and the process is cumbersome. In this research, the prism total station is used as a tree measuring tool, and at the same time, it cooperates with PDA for on-site recording, which realizes the intelligentization, integration, real-time performance and high reliability of the measuring instrument. To a certain extent, the intensity of surveying operations is reduced, and the business field of surveying and mapping instruments is expanded.

(2)实现了对林地样木的精准复位，通过全站仪配合PDA精确测量并记录样木坐标信息，在复查样木信息时，采用极坐标计算方法准确计算查找丢失编号样木所需要的水平角和距离，从而完成对样木的精准复位。(2) Realized the precise reset of the forest sample trees. The coordinate information of the sample trees was accurately measured and recorded by the total station combined with the PDA. When reviewing the sample tree information, the polar coordinate calculation method was used to accurately calculate the time required to find the lost numbered sample trees. Horizontal angle and distance, so as to complete the precise reset of the sample wood.

四、附图说明4. Description of drawings

下面结合附图和实例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings and examples.

图1为样木复位示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of sample tree reset.

五、具体实施方式5. Specific implementation

以全站仪为工具的林地样木复位方法与现有方法不同，具体在于：The reset method of forest sample trees using total station as a tool is different from the existing methods, specifically in that:

(1)在林分中心O点建立量测控制点，要求水泥浇筑钢钉可永久保存，安置免棱镜全站仪，对林分中每棵样木进行坐标测量，实时存储至PDA中同时保证每棵样木标号与坐标一一对应；(1) Establish a measurement control point at point O in the center of the forest stand. It is required that the cement pouring steel nails can be permanently preserved, and a prism-free total station is installed to measure the coordinates of each sample tree in the stand, and store them in the PDA in real time while ensuring The number of each sample tree corresponds to the coordinates one by one;

(2)当第二次样木信息测量时，发现编号为P的样木挂牌丢失，无法找到该样木，利用控制点O，样木P与任意样木A三者坐标信息，利用极坐标模型① β = α OP - α OA = arctan ( y P - y O x P - x O ) - arctan ( y A - y O x A - x O ) 与模型② S = ( x P - x O ) 2 + ( y P - y O ) 2 解算OP与OA水平夹角β与OP距离S；(2) When the sample wood information was measured for the second time, it was found that the sample wood numbered P was lost, and the sample wood could not be found. Using the control point O, the coordinate information of the sample wood P and any sample wood A, use the polar coordinates Model ① β = α OP - α OA = arctan ( the y P - the y o x P - x o ) - arctan ( the y A - the y o x A - x o ) with model② S = ( x P - x o ) 2 + ( the y P - the y o ) 2 Calculate the horizontal angle β between OP and OA and the distance S of OP;

(3)在林分中心O点架设全站仪，使望远镜瞄准样木A并将水平角置零，将望远镜顺时针旋转β角，保证望远镜视线与样木P方向线重合，然后在该方向上放置棱镜，图中P′点为棱镜初次放置位置，按照仪器提示控制棱镜前后移动，直到控制点O与棱镜距离为S时，此时与棱镜所在同一位置的样木即为丢失编号挂牌的样木P。(3) Set up a total station at point O in the center of the forest stand, aim the telescope at the sample tree A and set the horizontal angle to zero, and rotate the telescope clockwise by β angle to ensure that the line of sight of the telescope coincides with the direction line of the sample tree P, and then in this direction Place the prism on top, point P′ in the figure is the initial placement position of the prism, control the prism to move forward and backward according to the instrument prompts, until the distance between the control point O and the prism is S, at this time, the sample wood at the same position as the prism is the lost serial number listing Sample wood P.