CN103185556A - Tree crown competition factor calculating and measuring method taking prism-free full-station instrument as tool - Google Patents

本发明公开了种以免棱镜全站仪为工具的树冠竞争因子计测方法。以免棱镜全站仪为工具测量林分中自由树胸径与冠幅，由PDA(Personal Digital Assistant，个人电子助理)进行数据存储和处理，利用自由树胸径和冠幅建立线性回归方程，实现林木树冠竞争因子的测算，大大提高了林分树冠竞争因子的计算精度，克服了以往林分树冠竞争因子测算中方法简单则精度低，精度高则过程繁琐的缺陷。The invention discloses a method for measuring tree crown competition factors using a prism total station as a tool. Using the prism total station as a tool to measure the diameter and crown width of free trees in the forest stand, the data is stored and processed by PDA (Personal Digital Assistant, personal electronic assistant), and the linear regression equation is established by using the free tree diameter and crown width to realize the tree canopy The calculation of the competition factor has greatly improved the calculation accuracy of the stand canopy competition factor, and overcomes the shortcomings of the previous calculation method of the stand canopy competition factor, which is simple and has low precision, and high precision but the process is cumbersome.

一种以免棱镜全站仪为工具的树冠竞争因子计测方法A method for measuring tree canopy competition factors using a prism-free total station as a tool

一、技术领域 1. Technical field

本发明涉及一种基于免棱镜全站仪为工具的森林计测方法，特别是利用免棱镜全站仪为工具的树冠竞争因子计测。  The invention relates to a forest measurement method based on a mirror-free total station as a tool, in particular to a tree crown competition factor measurement using a mirror-free total station as a tool. the

二、技术背景 2. Technical background

传统的森林计测技术手段落后，建立在机械指针式罗盘定位测量、航片判读等手工作业的基础上，周期长，效率低，精度差，远远不能适应对森林资源和生态环境的监测需求。国内对于森林的监测仅局限于以遥感和常规地面调查为主要技术的宏观、粗放的阶段。某些指标的精准测量，如树冠竞争因子、森林蓄积、平均高、平均密度等林分数据获取的理论、技术、仪器等问题还远远没有解决到令人满意的程度。  The traditional forest measurement technology is backward. It is based on manual operations such as mechanical pointer compass positioning measurement and aerial photo interpretation. The cycle is long, the efficiency is low, and the accuracy is poor. It is far from meeting the monitoring needs of forest resources and ecological environment. . Domestic forest monitoring is limited to the macroscopic and extensive stage with remote sensing and conventional ground survey as the main technology. The precise measurement of certain indicators, such as canopy competition factors, forest volume, average height, average density and other stand data acquisition theories, technologies, instruments and other issues are far from being resolved to a satisfactory level. the

所以在森林资源监测中传统的树冠竞争因子、森林蓄积、平均高、平均密度等的获取方法受森林中地形复杂因素的限制，使这些数据的获取工作量大、精度不高，因此实现这些数据快速准确获取成为本领域科技人员急待解决的问题。本发明通过使用免棱镜全站仪获取的数据的各种有效处理，达到简化外业测量、同时利用PDA(Personal Digital Assistant，个人电子助理)进行数据存储和处理、建立数学回归模型、利用智能化内业计算的系统模式。该系统整合了坐标测量、面积测量、体积测量、距离角度测量等多种内业处理功能于一体，全面提升了内业数据处理的速度，智能化和准确性，有效提高了森林监测技术特别是树冠竞争因子测算的手段。  Therefore, in forest resources monitoring, the traditional acquisition methods of canopy competition factors, forest volume, average height, and average density are limited by complex terrain factors in the forest, which makes the acquisition of these data a large workload and low accuracy. Therefore, the realization of these data Fast and accurate acquisition has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. The present invention simplifies field measurement by using various effective processing of data acquired by a prism-free total station, and at the same time utilizes a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant, personal electronic assistant) for data storage and processing, establishes a mathematical regression model, and utilizes intelligent System schema for office computing. The system integrates various office processing functions such as coordinate measurement, area measurement, volume measurement, distance and angle measurement, etc., which comprehensively improves the speed, intelligence and accuracy of office data processing, and effectively improves forest monitoring technology, especially The means of calculating the canopy competition factor. the

三、发明内容 3. Contents of the invention

为克服传统方法数据获取周期长，效率低，精度差的缺点，提高效率与精度，缩短周期，实现林分树冠竞争因子的精准测量，本发明提供一种基于免棱镜全站仪为工具的树冠竞争因子计测方法，其特征是：以免棱镜全站仪为工具测量林分中自由树胸径与冠幅，由PDA(Personal Digital Assistant，个人电子助理)进行数据存储和处理，利用自由树胸径和冠幅建立线性回归方程，实现林木树冠竞争因子的测算。  In order to overcome the disadvantages of long data acquisition period, low efficiency and poor precision of the traditional method, improve efficiency and precision, shorten the period, and realize the accurate measurement of forest stand canopy competition factors, the present invention provides a canopy measurement tool based on a prism-free total station. Competitive factor measuring method is characterized in that: free tree diameter at breast height and crown width in forest stand are measured without prism total station as a tool, data storage and processing are carried out by PDA (Personal Digital Assistant, personal electronic assistant), and free tree diameter at breast height and crown width are used Canopy width establishes linear regression equation to realize the calculation of tree canopy competition factors. the

主要发明内容：  Main invention content:

①树木胸径计测  ① Measurement of tree diameter at breast height

②树木潜在最大冠幅计测  ②Measurement of potential maximum crown width of trees

③树冠竞争因子测算  ③Calculation of canopy competition factors

本项发明与现有方法相比具有以下优点：  Compared with existing methods, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1)显著提高树木因子计测的工作效率，传统的树木因子调查中，测量需要运用测尺、罗盘仪、胸径尺等工具，同时需要记录员进行现场手工记录，工序繁琐。本研究以免棱镜全站仪作为测树工具，同时配合PDA进行现场记录，实现了测量仪器的智能化，一体化，实时性、高可靠性。在一定程度上减轻测量作业强度，拓展了测绘仪器的业务领域。  (1) Significantly improve the work efficiency of tree factor measurement. In traditional tree factor surveys, tools such as measuring rulers, compass instruments, and DBH rulers are required for measurement. At the same time, recorders are required to record manually on site, which is cumbersome. In this study, the prism total station is used as a tree measuring tool, and at the same time, it cooperates with PDA for on-site recording, which realizes the intelligentization, integration, real-time performance and high reliability of the measuring instrument. To a certain extent, the intensity of surveying operations is reduced, and the business field of surveying and mapping instruments is expanded. the

(2)实现了对树木因子的高精度测量，传统方法运用测尺、胸径尺等量测工具进行量测， 方法较为简单，误差较大，尤其是利用测尺进行冠幅量测时只能通过估计其水平方向投影进行粗略量测。通过免棱镜全站仪量测树木，可以实现对树干胸径和冠幅的精确量测，不受树高、地形等因素干扰，实时获取测树因子。这对于精确计算树冠竞争因子尤为重要。  (2) The high-precision measurement of the tree factor has been realized. The traditional method uses measurement tools such as a ruler and a diameter ruler to measure. Rough measurements are made by estimating its horizontal projection. By measuring trees with a prism-free total station, accurate measurement of trunk diameter and crown width can be realized, and tree measurement factors can be obtained in real time without being disturbed by factors such as tree height and terrain. This is especially important for accurate calculation of canopy competition factors. the

四、附图说明 4. Description of drawings

下面结合附图和实例对本发明进一步说明。  The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings and examples. the

图1为树干胸径测量，图2为自由树冠幅测量。  Figure 1 is the measurement of trunk diameter, and Figure 2 is the measurement of free tree crown width. the

五、具体实施方式： 5. Specific implementation methods:

基于免棱镜全站仪为工具的树冠竞争因子计测方法与现有方法不同，具体在于：  The measurement method of canopy competition factor based on the prism-free total station is different from the existing methods, specifically in:

(1)在林分内O点安置免棱镜全站仪，首先将全站仪瞄准自由树树干，保证视线与树干1.3m处相切(附图1)，采用全站仪对边量测功能，利用数学模型① 

精准测量树木胸径，，实时存储至PDA中，自由树树冠冠幅测量时首先瞄准自由树树冠，保证视线与树冠最外侧相切(附图2)，采用全站仪对边量测功能，利用数学模型①

精准测量自由树冠幅，实时存储至PDA中；  (1) Install a prism-free total station at point O in the forest stand. First, aim the total station at the trunk of the free tree to ensure that the line of sight is tangent to the trunk at 1.3m (attached drawing 1), and use the side-to-side measurement function of the total station , using the mathematical model①

Accurately measure the tree diameter at breast height, and store it in the PDA in real time. When measuring the crown width of the free tree crown, first aim at the crown of the free tree to ensure that the line of sight is tangent to the outermost side of the crown (attachment 2). Using the side-to-side measurement function of the total station, use Mathematical model①

Accurately measure the crown width of the free tree and store it in the PDA in real time;

(2)将PDA数据导入计算机，利用数学模型②CW＝a+bD建立自由树胸径(D)与冠幅(CW)线性回归方程；  (2) Import the PDA data into the computer, and use the mathematical model ②CW=a+bD to establish the linear regression equation of free tree diameter at breast height (D) and crown width (CW);

(3)利用数学模型③

计算树木潜在最大树冠面积(MCA)_i，计胸径为D_i的自由树其最大树冠面积为(MCA)_i；  (3) Using mathematical models③

Calculate the potential maximum crown area (MCA) _i of trees, and the maximum crown area of free trees whose diameter at breast height is D _i is (MCA) _i ;

(4)利用数学模型④ CCF = Σ i = 1 N ( MCA ) i = π 4000 ( a 2 N + 2 ab Σ i = 1 N D i + b 2 Σ i = 1 N D i 2 ) 求算树冠竞争因子(CCF)值，将单位面积林分中所有树木(MCA)_i相加即为该林分(CCF)值。  (4) Using mathematical models④ CCF = Σ i = 1 N ( MCA ) i = π 4000 ( a 2 N + 2 ab Σ i = 1 N D. i + b 2 Σ i = 1 N D. i 2 ) Calculate the canopy competition factor (CCF) value, and add all the trees (MCA) _i in the unit area of the stand to get the stand (CCF) value.

1. one kind is the crown competition factor measuring method of instrument with the non-prism total powerstation, it is characterized in that: be that instrument is measured the free tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the hat width of cloth in the standing forest with the non-prism total powerstation, by PDA (Personal Digital Assistant, the personal electric assistant) carries out data storage and processing, utilize the free tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the hat width of cloth to set up equation of linear regression, realize the measuring and calculating of forest crown competition factor, concrete steps are as follows:

2) with PDA data importing computing machine, utilize mathematical model 2. CW=a+bD set up the free tree diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground (D) and the hat width of cloth (CW) equation of linear regression;