CN103267516A - Sample plot measuring technology by using digital camera as tool - Google Patents

本发明是一种以数码相机为工具的样地计测技术。以数码相机为工具测量样地信息，通过方法提取树木胸径、树高、相对坐标，通过计算公式实现样地信息测算，大大提高了样地信息的计算精度，克服了以往样地信息计测中方法简单则精度低、精度高则过程繁琐的缺陷。The present invention is a kind of sample plot measuring technique using digital camera as tool. Using a digital camera as a tool to measure plot information, extract tree diameter at breast height, tree height, and relative coordinates by means of methods, and realize plot information calculation through calculation formulas, which greatly improves the calculation accuracy of plot information and overcomes the traditional problems of plot information measurement. Simple methods lead to low precision, and high precision leads to cumbersome processes.

一种以数码相机为工具的样地计测技术A kind of land measurement technology using digital camera as a tool

一、技术领域1. Technical field

本发明涉及一种以数码相机为工具的样地计测方法，特别是利用数码相机为工具的样地信息计测。The invention relates to a method for measuring plots using a digital camera as a tool, in particular to measuring plot information using a digital camera as a tool.

二、技术背景2. Technical background

传统的森林计测技术手段落后，建立在角规测量、伐倒木解析、航片判读等手工作业的基础上，周期长，效率低，精度差，远远不能适应对森林资源和生态环境的监测需求。国内对于森林的监测仅局限于以遥感和常规地面调查为主要技术的宏观、粗放的阶段。某些指标的精准测量，如样地平均高、平均密度、蓄积量、生物量等数据获取的理论、技术、仪器等问题还远远没有解决到令人满意的程度。Traditional forest measurement techniques are backward, based on manual operations such as angle gauge measurement, felled wood analysis, and aerial photo interpretation. The cycle is long, the efficiency is low, and the accuracy is poor, which is far from being suitable for the monitoring of forest resources and ecological environment. need. Domestic forest monitoring is limited to the macroscopic and extensive stage with remote sensing and conventional ground survey as the main technology. The precise measurement of certain indicators, such as the theory, technology, and instrumentation of data acquisition such as the average height of the sample plot, average density, stock volume, and biomass, has not yet been resolved to a satisfactory level.

所以在森林资源监测中传统的样地信息等的获取方法受森林中地形复杂因素的限制，使这些数据的获取工作量大、精度不高，因此实现这些数据快速准确获取成为本领域科技人员急待解决的问题。本发明通过使用数码相机获取的数据的各种有效处理，简化外业测量，在测量过程中自动进行数据存储和处理、建立数学模型、利用智能化内业计算的系统模式。该系统整合了坐标测量、面积测量、体积测量、距离角度测量等多种内业处理功能于一体，全面提升了内业数据处理的速度，智能化和准确性，有效提高了森林监测技术测算的手段。Therefore, in the forest resources monitoring, the traditional acquisition method of sample plot information is limited by the complex terrain factors in the forest, which makes the acquisition of these data heavy workload and low accuracy. unresolved issues. The invention simplifies field measurement by using various effective processing of data acquired by a digital camera, automatically stores and processes data, establishes a mathematical model, and utilizes a system model of intelligent internal calculation during the measurement process. The system integrates various office processing functions such as coordinate measurement, area measurement, volume measurement, distance and angle measurement, etc., which comprehensively improves the speed, intelligence and accuracy of office data processing, and effectively improves the calculation efficiency of forest monitoring technology. means.

三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention

为克服传统方法的数据获取周期长、效率低、精度差的缺点，提高效率与精度，实现树干材积的精准量测，本发明提供了一种以数码相机为工具的样地计测技术，其特征是：以数码相机为工具，设计新型站标尺，通过站标尺中的读数和照片中的位置通过算法判断样地中可见树的胸径、树高、相对坐标，通过提取出胸径、树高、相对坐标计算样地信息。In order to overcome the disadvantages of long data acquisition cycle, low efficiency and poor precision of traditional methods, improve efficiency and precision, and realize accurate measurement of tree trunk volume, the present invention provides a sample plot measurement technology using a digital camera as a tool. The feature is: use a digital camera as a tool to design a new station scale, judge the diameter at breast height, tree height, and relative coordinates of visible trees in the plot through the readings in the station scale and the position in the photo through an algorithm, and extract the diameter at breast height, tree height, The relative coordinates are used to calculate the plot information.

主要发明内容：Main invention content:

①新型站标尺的设计；① Design of new station scale;

②照片数据回归方程的建立；②Establishment of photo data regression equation;

③树干胸径、树高、相对坐标的获取；③Acquisition of trunk diameter, tree height and relative coordinates;

④样地信息模型建立。④ Establishment of plot information model.

本项发明与现有方法相比具有以下优点：Compared with existing methods, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1)提高了树干材积计测工作效率，传统的树干材积测量过程中需要运用多种测量工具，并需要手工记录，工序繁琐。本发明通过数码相机直接测量并存储数据简化外业过程，在计算机提取树干胸径、树高、相对坐标，通过数学模型计算样地信息。实现智能化、一体化、高可靠性。在一定程度上减轻了测量作业强度，拓展了测绘仪器的业务领域。(1) The work efficiency of tree trunk volume measurement is improved. In the traditional tree trunk volume measurement process, a variety of measurement tools need to be used, and manual records are required, and the process is cumbersome. The invention simplifies the field process by directly measuring and storing data with a digital camera, extracts trunk diameter, tree height, and relative coordinates in a computer, and calculates plot information through a mathematical model. Realize intelligence, integration and high reliability. To a certain extent, it reduces the intensity of surveying operations and expands the business field of surveying and mapping instruments.

(2)实现了对样地信息的高精度测量，传统方法量测较为简单，误差大。通过数码相机可以实现树干外围特征点的精确量测，计算简便快捷。(2) The high-precision measurement of sample plot information is realized. The traditional method is relatively simple and has large errors. The precise measurement of the peripheral feature points of the tree trunk can be realized by a digital camera, and the calculation is simple and fast.

四、附图说明4. Description of drawings

下面结合附图和实例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings and examples.

图1为新型站标尺码，图2为新型站标尺，图3为样地照片处理原理图。Figure 1 is the new station scale code, Figure 2 is the new station scale, and Figure 3 is the principle diagram of sample plot photo processing.

五、具体实施方式：5. Specific implementation methods:

基于数码相机单木计测方法与现有方法不同，具体在于：The single tree measurement method based on a digital camera is different from the existing method in that:

(1)设计新型标尺码以2cm为码元宽度和相邻码元的间距离，4cm为参考码宽度，采用6位的cray为信息码，新型站标尺由两张这种新型标尺码互相垂直构成；(1) design new-style standard scale code with 2cm as the distance between code element width and adjacent code element, 4cm is reference code width, adopts 6 crays as information code, and new-type station scale is perpendicular to each other by two this new-style scale codes constitute;

(2)选取单木良好观测范围内用数码相机照相，照相时将新型标尺放在树干中心位置(2) Select a single tree within a good observation range to take pictures with a digital camera, and place the new ruler at the center of the trunk when taking pictures

(3)通过照片读取码尺上的数据值A(x_A，y_A，z_A)及B(x_B，y_B，z_B)等与照片相应位置构成回归方程 x = a 1 u 2 + b 1 v 2 + c 1 uv + d 1 u + e 1 v + f 1 y = a 2 u 2 + b 2 v 2 + c 2 uv + d 2 u + e 2 v + f 2 z = a 3 u 2 + b 3 v 2 + c 3 uv + d 3 u + e 3 v + f 3 求解回归方程中的对应的未知量值；(3) Read the data values A (x _A , y _A , z _A ) and B (x _B , y _B , z _B ) on the yardstick through the photo and form a regression equation with the corresponding position of the photo x = a 1 u 2 + b 1 v 2 + c 1 uv + d 1 u + e 1 v + f 1 the y = a 2 u 2 + b 2 v 2 + c 2 uv + d 2 u + e 2 v + f 2 z = a 3 u 2 + b 3 v 2 + c 3 uv + d 3 u + e 3 v + f 3 Solve the corresponding unknown quantities in the regression equation;

(4)通过像素值判别照片中树干边缘位置，再通过步骤3)中构成的回归方程求解判读出的树干边缘的坐标，通过坐标求解出树干任意位置处的胸径、树高、树木相对坐标；(4) distinguish the trunk edge position in the photo by the pixel value, then solve the coordinates of the trunk edge read out by the regression equation formed in step 3), solve the diameter at breast height, tree height, tree relative coordinates at any position of the trunk by coordinates;

(5)通过提取出胸径、树高、相对坐标计算样地信息。(5) Calculate plot information by extracting DBH, tree height, and relative coordinates.