CN103447286A - Miniaturized multipurpose treatment equipment for separating and dewatering restaurant garbage - Google Patents
- ️Wed Dec 18 2013
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- CN103447286A CN103447286A CN2013103977288A CN201310397728A CN103447286A CN 103447286 A CN103447286 A CN 103447286A CN 2013103977288 A CN2013103977288 A CN 2013103977288A CN 201310397728 A CN201310397728 A CN 201310397728A CN 103447286 A CN103447286 A CN 103447286A Authority
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Abstract
一种小型化多用途餐厨垃圾分选脱水处理设备属于脱水领域。本发明包括包括电机、联轴器、排气/清洗口、出料口调节装置、等径螺纹段、建压段、变径螺纹段、旋转连接机构、液份收集槽、液份收集槽排口、破袋钩、等径输送螺纹段、螺杆芯轴及动密封、挤压脱液上机筒、排污出口、液份储箱上开口、挤压脱液下机筒、固份储箱、液份储箱、液压支撑调整机构、过滤板、排液口、连接软管、固份清理口、排油口及自动控制系统。液份收集槽与下机筒相连，过滤板滤出的液体份经过液份收集槽排口和连接软管导入液份储箱。物料脱液后留存的固体份从机筒副出料口排出到固份储箱。出料口调节装置通过调整可旋转挡板的位置控制出料口的闭合度，提高建压脱液效果。
A miniaturized multipurpose food waste sorting and dehydration treatment device belongs to the field of dehydration. The invention includes a motor, a shaft coupling, an exhaust/cleaning port, an adjusting device for a discharge port, an equal-diameter thread section, a pressure-building section, a variable-diameter thread section, a rotary connection mechanism, a liquid collection tank, and a liquid collection tank row. mouth, bag breaking hook, equal-diameter conveying thread section, screw mandrel and dynamic seal, extrusion liquid removal upper barrel, sewage outlet, upper opening of liquid storage tank, extrusion liquid removal lower barrel, solid content storage tank, Liquid storage tank, hydraulic support adjustment mechanism, filter plate, liquid discharge port, connecting hose, solid content cleaning port, oil discharge port and automatic control system. The liquid part collection tank is connected with the lower cylinder, and the liquid part filtered out by the filter plate is introduced into the liquid part storage tank through the outlet of the liquid part collection tank and the connecting hose. The solid content remaining after the material is deliquored is discharged from the secondary discharge port of the barrel to the solid content storage tank. The outlet regulating device controls the closing degree of the outlet by adjusting the position of the rotatable baffle to improve the effect of pressure building and dehydration.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及对高含水率餐厨垃圾进行分选、破袋、脱水等操作以分离餐厨垃圾的固体成分、油水成分的高效处理装置，同时涉及餐厨垃圾固体成份挤压脱水、油水成分分离、餐厨垃圾制沼气预处理、餐厨垃圾固体成份焚烧预处理装置，以及高含水物料，如鱼虾等海产品、水产品的固液分离加工设备。The invention relates to a high-efficiency treatment device for separating solid components and oil-water components of food waste with high moisture content, such as sorting, bag breaking, and dehydration, and at the same time relates to extrusion dehydration of solid components of food waste and separation of oil-water components , food waste biogas pretreatment, food waste solid component incineration pretreatment device, and high water content materials, such as fish and shrimp and other seafood, solid-liquid separation processing equipment for aquatic products.
背景技术Background technique
餐厨垃圾的物理性状普遍呈现固液混合态，其化学成分复杂，主要包括水、无机盐、有机酸，及各种大分子有机化合物（主要包括蛋白质、淀粉、纤维素、杂多糖、脂肪等）。此外餐厨垃圾中还可能包含塑料、纸制容器，塑料、木制餐具，有时会出现餐厨垃圾被装在塑料袋、盒包装中的情况。因此在餐厨垃圾处理过程中，应当在分选处理设备的设计中充分考虑到破袋、分选、脱水等工艺要求。The physical properties of food waste generally present a solid-liquid mixed state, and its chemical composition is complex, mainly including water, inorganic salts, organic acids, and various macromolecular organic compounds (mainly including protein, starch, cellulose, heteropolysaccharides, fats, etc. ). In addition, food waste may also contain plastic and paper containers, plastic and wooden tableware, and sometimes food waste is packed in plastic bags and boxes. Therefore, in the process of food waste treatment, process requirements such as bag breaking, sorting, and dehydration should be fully considered in the design of sorting treatment equipment.
目前常用的餐厨垃圾分选处理通常采用滚筒式分选装置、振动栅格分选装置、沉降发酵分选处理装置等设备，At present, the commonly used food waste sorting and treatment usually adopts drum type sorting device, vibrating grid sorting device, sedimentation fermentation sorting device and other equipment.
滚筒式分选装置主要利用旋转的大型过滤滚筒实现对餐厨垃圾的分选，大尺寸的杂物被留在滚筒中，液体与小尺寸的餐厨垃圾成份在重力的作用下从过滤孔中落入到下方的餐厨垃圾收集装置中，供后续处理。为提高处理效率，滚筒式分选装置通常体积很大，对处理场地的要求高。工作过程属于开放式处理，由于餐厨垃圾的腐烂发酵会产生大量异味，只能设置在垃圾集中处理地点。滚筒式分选装置主要用于分拣餐厨垃圾中杂物，无法实现餐厨垃圾的固液分离。The drum sorting device mainly uses a rotating large filter drum to separate the food waste. The large-sized debris is left in the drum, and the liquid and small-sized food waste are separated from the filter holes under the action of gravity. Fall into the kitchen waste collection device below for subsequent treatment. In order to improve the processing efficiency, the drum sorting device is usually very large in size and has high requirements on the processing site. The working process belongs to open processing. Since the rotting and fermentation of food waste will produce a lot of peculiar smell, it can only be set up in the garbage centralized treatment place. The drum type sorting device is mainly used to sort the sundries in the kitchen waste, and it cannot realize the solid-liquid separation of the kitchen waste.
振动栅格分选装置的基本原理与滚筒式分选装置类似，只是将旋转的大型过滤滚筒换为振动的栅格滤板，通过栅格滤板的振动实现餐厨垃圾杂物的分选。大尺寸的杂物被留在栅格滤板上，液体与小尺寸的餐厨垃圾成份在重力的作用下从过滤孔中落入到下方的餐厨垃圾收集装置中，供后续处理。振动栅格分选装置体积也较大，工作过程封闭性要好于滚筒式分选装置，但噪音较大，也只能设置在垃圾集中处理地点。振动栅格分选装置同样无法实现餐厨垃圾的固液分离。The basic principle of the vibrating grid sorting device is similar to that of the drum type sorting device, except that the rotating large filter drum is replaced by a vibrating grid filter plate, and the separation of kitchen waste is realized through the vibration of the grid filter plate. Large-sized debris is left on the grid filter plate, and liquid and small-sized food waste components fall from the filter holes into the food waste collection device below under the action of gravity for subsequent treatment. The vibrating grid sorting device is also larger in size, and the sealing performance of the working process is better than that of the drum type sorting device, but the noise is relatively large, and it can only be installed in the centralized garbage disposal site. The vibrating grid sorting device also cannot realize the solid-liquid separation of kitchen waste.
沉降发酵分选处理装置是通过将餐厨垃圾导入沉降罐或沉降池，利用餐厨垃圾中的油、水、固体成分的不同比重进行分选。部分处理装置在沉降罐或沉降池加入注水管或导气管，利用水浮力和气浮力，进一步提升固液、油水的分离效果。沉降发酵分选处理装置体积适中，便于设置，处理过程为密闭式，环境影响小。但间歇式的处理方式导致效率较低，油水分离效果较好，但固液分离仅仅是将沉降在底部的固体部分取出，取出物仍含有大量的水分，需要后续处理。The settling fermentation sorting treatment device uses the different proportions of oil, water and solid components in the food waste to sort by introducing the food waste into the settling tank or the settling tank. Some treatment devices add water injection pipes or air guide pipes to the settling tank or settling tank, and use water buoyancy and air buoyancy to further improve the separation effect of solid-liquid and oil-water. The volume of the sedimentation fermentation sorting treatment device is moderate, easy to set up, the treatment process is closed, and the environmental impact is small. However, the intermittent treatment method leads to low efficiency, and the oil-water separation effect is better, but the solid-liquid separation only takes out the solid part that settles at the bottom, and the taken out still contains a large amount of water, which requires subsequent treatment.
目前为了进一步提高餐厨垃圾的分选处理效果，通常利用输送带或螺旋输送器，将以上三种处理设备进行工序组合，构建为大规模、系统性的餐厨垃圾分选处理系统，成为餐厨垃圾处理中心。这种处理中心一般处理城市的远郊区，而餐厨垃圾的主要源头是在城市内，因此导致餐厨垃圾从源头到集中处理地点过程长、中间环节多，更容易造成其它类型垃圾混入餐厨垃圾，在一定程度上增加了餐厨垃圾分选处理的难度。At present, in order to further improve the effect of sorting and treating food waste, conveyor belts or screw conveyors are usually used to combine the above three treatment equipments into a large-scale and systematic food waste sorting and processing system, which becomes a food waste sorting and processing system. Kitchen waste disposal center. This kind of treatment center generally treats the outer suburbs of the city, and the main source of food waste is in the city, so the process of food waste from the source to the centralized treatment site is long and there are many intermediate links, and it is more likely to cause other types of waste to be mixed into the kitchen Garbage, to a certain extent, increases the difficulty of sorting and processing food waste.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对目前餐厨垃圾分选装置普遍尺寸较大，只适合于在垃圾处理场站集中布置的情况，本发明实现了多用途餐厨垃圾集成处理设备的小型化，处理效率高，可以布置在社区街道、大型餐饮场所，也可以设置为车载，实现餐厨垃圾的移动处理。In view of the fact that the current food waste sorting devices are generally large in size and are only suitable for centralized arrangement in waste treatment stations, the invention realizes the miniaturization of multi-purpose food waste integrated treatment equipment, high processing efficiency, and can be arranged in communities Streets and large dining places can also be set up as vehicles to realize mobile processing of kitchen waste.
针对滚筒式分选、振动栅格分选装置体积大、开放式处理的问题，本发明实现了基于螺杆挤压的餐厨垃圾小型化、封闭式分选处理，对于不同含水率的餐厨垃圾都可适用。通过螺杆对于餐厨垃圾的挤压，实现了高效脱水，避免了滚筒式分选、振动栅格分选装置分选效率不高的问题。Aiming at the problems of large volume and open treatment of drum sorting and vibrating grid sorting devices, the present invention realizes the miniaturization and closed sorting treatment of kitchen waste based on screw extrusion. For kitchen waste with different moisture content are applicable. Through the extrusion of the kitchen waste by the screw, high-efficiency dehydration is realized, and the problem of low separation efficiency of the drum sorting and the vibrating grid sorting device is avoided.
针对沉降发酵分选处理装置对餐厨垃圾的处理为间歇式、处理时间长的问题，本发明实现了先固液分离，然后针对液体成份进行沉降处理，实现较好的固液分离、油水分离效果。Aiming at the problem that the settling fermentation sorting treatment device treats food waste intermittently and takes a long time, the invention realizes solid-liquid separation first, and then settles the liquid components to achieve better solid-liquid separation and oil-water separation Effect.
本发明所涉及的装置如附图1，该设备包括电机1、联轴器2、排气/清洗口3、出料口调节装置4、等径螺纹段5、建压元件6、旋转连接机构7、变径螺纹段8、液份收集槽9、液份收集槽排口10、破袋钩11、等径输送螺纹段12、动密封13、螺杆芯轴14、排污出口15、挤压脱液上机筒16、液压支撑调整机构17、挤压脱液下机筒18、固份储箱19、液份储箱20、液压支撑调整机构21、过滤板22、排液口23、连接软管24、固份清理口25、排油口26、及自动控制系统。The device involved in the present invention is shown in Figure 1, which includes a motor 1, a coupling 2, an exhaust/cleaning port 3, a discharge port adjustment device 4, an equal-diameter thread section 5, a pressure building element 6, and a rotating connection mechanism 7. Variable diameter thread section 8, liquid collection tank 9, liquid collection tank outlet 10, bag breaking hook 11, equal diameter conveying thread section 12, dynamic seal 13, screw mandrel 14, sewage outlet 15, extrusion release Liquid upper cylinder 16, hydraulic support adjustment mechanism 17, extrusion liquid removal lower cylinder 18, solid content storage tank 19, liquid content storage tank 20, hydraulic support adjustment mechanism 21, filter plate 22, liquid discharge port 23, connection soft Pipe 24, solid content cleaning port 25, oil discharge port 26, and automatic control system.
其特征在于，电机1、联轴器2、螺杆芯轴14、动密封13、等径螺纹段5、变径螺纹段8、建压元件6、等径输送螺纹段12、挤压脱液上机筒16、挤压脱液下机筒18共同组成了针对餐厨垃圾的螺杆脱液机筒副。电机1的输出轴与安装在机筒中的螺杆芯轴通过联轴器2相连接，螺杆芯轴伸入机筒副中，在两端使用螺杆动密封进行密封。螺杆脱液机筒副的下机筒安装有可拆卸的过滤板22，如图3所示，可以根据不同的需要更换不同过滤孔径的过滤板，一般常用的过滤孔径可以设置为2到5mm。It is characterized in that motor 1, coupling 2, screw mandrel 14, dynamic seal 13, equal-diameter thread section 5, variable-diameter thread section 8, pressure building element 6, equal-diameter conveying thread section 12, extrusion dehydration upper The machine barrel 16 and the lower barrel 18 for extruding and dehydrating have jointly formed the screw dehydrating machine barrel pair for kitchen waste. The output shaft of the motor 1 is connected with the screw mandrel installed in the machine barrel through the coupling 2, the screw mandrel extends into the machine barrel pair, and the screw dynamic seal is used for sealing at both ends. The lower barrel of the screw dehydrating machine barrel pair is equipped with a detachable filter plate 22, as shown in Figure 3, the filter plate with different filter apertures can be replaced according to different needs, and the commonly used filter aperture can be set to 2 to 5mm.
螺杆脱液机筒副通过旋转连接机构7与储箱基座连接在一起，该旋转机构通过旋转轴及滑动轴承配合实现。螺杆脱液机筒副下机筒18出料口B处设有出料口调节装置4，可通过旋转挡板的转动调整出闭合度的大小控制含液物料在机筒内压力的大小，此旋转挡板可由液压杆等方式实现其从0到90度的旋转。出料口调节装置图如4所示，旋转挡板在图中1位置时闭合度为0，旋转挡板在图中2位置时闭合度为50%，旋转挡板在图中3位置时闭合度为100%。The barrel pair of the screw dehydrating machine is connected with the base of the storage tank through the rotating connection mechanism 7, and the rotating mechanism is realized through the cooperation of the rotating shaft and the sliding bearing. The outlet B of the auxiliary lower barrel of the screw dehydrating barrel 18 is provided with an outlet adjusting device 4, which can adjust the degree of closure by rotating the rotating baffle to control the pressure of the liquid-containing material in the barrel. The rotating baffle can be rotated from 0 to 90 degrees by hydraulic rods and other means. The figure of the outlet adjusting device is shown in Figure 4. When the rotating baffle is at position 1 in the figure, the closing degree is 0, when the rotating baffle is at position 2 in the figure, the closing degree is 50%, and when the rotating baffle is at position 3 in the figure, it is closed The degree is 100%.
液压支撑调整机构21一端与储箱下底座固定，另一端固定在螺杆脱液机筒副上，用于调整机筒副倾角。电机1固定连接在机筒副上，当液压支撑调整机构调整机筒副倾角时，设备随着机架改变倾角调整-30°后的状态如图5，调整后机筒副与水平方向夹角在-45°到15°之间。当机筒副旋转到-45°时，加料口A处于最低位置，便于加料。同时通过对机筒副角度的调节，可以有效控制液份的分离效果。One end of the hydraulic support adjustment mechanism 21 is fixed to the lower base of the storage tank, and the other end is fixed to the screw dehydrating machine barrel pair for adjusting the inclination angle of the machine barrel pair. Motor 1 is fixedly connected to the barrel pair. When the hydraulic support adjustment mechanism adjusts the inclination angle of the barrel pair, the state of the equipment after adjusting the inclination angle of -30° with the frame changes is shown in Figure 5. After adjustment, the angle between the barrel pair and the horizontal direction Between -45° and 15°. When the barrel rotates to -45°, the feeding port A is at the lowest position, which is convenient for feeding. At the same time, the separation effect of the liquid can be effectively controlled by adjusting the angle of the barrel.
液份收集槽9与螺杆脱液机筒副的下机筒18相连。餐厨垃圾从螺杆脱液机筒副的加料口A加入，经螺杆挤压、过滤板过滤出的液体份被收集在液份收集槽9中，并经过液份收集槽排口10和连接软管24流入液份储箱20。根据处理物料的种类或工艺需要，可在螺杆脱液机筒副的加料口A加装螺旋强制加料装置，如图6所示。The liquid portion collecting tank 9 is connected with the lower machine barrel 18 of the screw dehydrating machine barrel pair. The food waste is fed from the feeding port A of the screw dehydrator barrel, and the liquid part squeezed by the screw and filtered by the filter plate is collected in the liquid part collection tank 9, and passes through the liquid part collection tank discharge port 10 and the connecting soft part Tube 24 flows into aliquot tank 20 . According to the type of material to be processed or the process requirements, a screw forced feeding device can be installed at the feeding port A of the screw dehydrating machine barrel, as shown in Figure 6.
液份收集槽9的下板具有一定的倾斜角度，液份收集槽排口10处于最低的位置，以确保液份流出。由于螺杆脱液机筒副可以在夹角-45°到15°间倾斜，为便于使液份从液份收集槽9流入液份储箱20，因此液份储箱20的液份入口的高度设置，应低于螺杆脱液机筒副水平放置时液份收集槽排口10的高度。连接软管24的长度，应确保螺杆脱液机筒副在-45°到15°倾角的活动范围内，可以实现液份收集槽排口10与液份储箱20的液份入口的连接。The lower plate of the liquid part collecting tank 9 has a certain inclination angle, and the discharge port 10 of the liquid part collecting tank is at the lowest position to ensure the liquid parts to flow out. Since the barrel pair of the screw dehydrator can be inclined between -45° and 15°, in order to make the liquid flow from the liquid collection tank 9 into the liquid storage tank 20, the height of the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank 20 is The setting should be lower than the height of the outlet 10 of the liquid collection tank when the screw dehydrator barrel is placed horizontally. The length of the connecting hose 24 should ensure that the barrel pair of the screw dehydrator is within the range of motion of the inclination angle of -45° to 15°, so as to realize the connection between the outlet 10 of the liquid collection tank and the liquid inlet of the liquid storage tank 20.
液份储箱20内设有隔板C，由于液份中的油水比重不同，油份浮在上方，利用隔板C可以使浮在上方的油份导流到油份分格。分离出的油份可以由排油口26排出，剩余液份可以从排液口23排出。收集到固份储箱19的物料可以从固份清理口25排出。The liquid storage tank 20 is provided with a separator C. Due to the different specific gravity of oil and water in the liquid, the oil floats above. The separator C can guide the floating oil to the oil compartment. The separated oil part can be discharged from the oil discharge port 26, and the remaining liquid part can be discharged from the liquid discharge port 23. The material collected into the solid content storage tank 19 can be discharged from the solid content cleaning port 25 .
挤压脱液螺杆由动密封13及螺杆芯轴14和多组螺纹元件组成。从物料加料口A到出料口B，螺纹元件依次为等径输送螺纹段12、变径螺纹段8、建压元件6、等径螺纹段5。The extruding and dehydrating screw is composed of a dynamic seal 13, a screw mandrel 14 and multiple sets of threaded elements. From the material feed port A to the discharge port B, the thread elements are the equal-diameter conveying thread section 12 , the variable-diameter thread section 8 , the pressure building element 6 , and the equal-diameter thread section 5 .
等径输送螺纹段12设置在物料加料口A，其作用在于将加料口A加入的物料向前输送。螺纹螺距根据要处理的餐厨垃圾成份特点，设置为10cm到20cm，螺槽深度在1/2到2/3倍螺杆直径之间。为便于加工安装，可以由多个螺纹元件组合而成。等径输送螺纹段长度为整段螺杆长度的1/5到1/3，并不少于3倍螺纹螺距。The equal-diameter conveying thread section 12 is arranged at the material feeding port A, and its function is to transport the material added in the feeding port A forward. The thread pitch is set to 10cm to 20cm according to the characteristics of the food waste to be processed, and the depth of the screw groove is between 1/2 to 2/3 times the diameter of the screw. In order to facilitate processing and installation, it can be composed of multiple threaded elements. The length of the equal-diameter conveying thread section is 1/5 to 1/3 of the length of the entire screw rod, not less than 3 times the thread pitch.
在等径输送螺纹段12后设置变径螺纹段8，将等径输送螺纹段11输送来的物料分别送入10-15个螺距较小、槽深逐渐变浅的小螺槽中。变径螺纹段8从加料口A方向到出料口B方向，螺纹段直径不断变小，螺槽深度最大与等径输送螺纹段12螺槽深度相同，最小在1/4到1/3倍螺杆直径之间。变径螺纹段8螺纹螺距不大于10cm，总长度为整段螺杆长度的1/2到3/5，并不少于10倍螺纹螺距。为便于加工安装，可以由多个螺纹元件组合而成。设置变径螺纹段8的作用在于不断增加物料的压力，实现挤压脱液。对于脱液难度较大的物料，可以在变径螺纹段8中设置部分反向变径螺纹元件，如图7所示。图中I、IV段为正向螺纹元件，II、III段为反向螺纹元件。III、IV段间的无螺纹空隙是为破碎装置留出的空间。The variable-diameter thread section 8 is set behind the equal-diameter conveying thread section 12, and the materials conveyed by the equal-diameter conveying thread section 11 are respectively sent into 10-15 small screw grooves with smaller pitches and gradually shallower groove depths. The variable-diameter thread section 8 is from the direction of the feed port A to the direction of the discharge port B. The diameter of the thread section becomes smaller and smaller. The maximum depth of the screw groove is the same as that of the equal-diameter conveying thread section 12, and the minimum is 1/4 to 1/3 times between screw diameters. The thread pitch of variable-diameter thread section 8 is not more than 10cm, and the total length is 1/2 to 3/5 of the length of the whole screw rod, not less than 10 times the thread pitch. In order to facilitate processing and installation, it can be composed of multiple threaded elements. The effect of setting the variable-diameter thread section 8 is to continuously increase the pressure of the material to realize extrusion dehydration. For materials that are more difficult to remove liquid, part of the reverse variable diameter thread elements can be set in the variable diameter thread section 8, as shown in FIG. 7 . Sections I and IV in the figure are forward threaded elements, and sections II and III are reverse threaded elements. The unthreaded space between the III and IV sections is the space reserved for the crushing device.
在等径输送螺纹段12与变径螺纹段8相连接的部分，有一处断开部分没有螺纹，螺纹断开位置在破袋钩11处。挤压脱液上机筒16设有不少于3个螺纹孔，多个破袋钩11或其他破碎工具从螺纹孔拧入，对等径输送螺纹段12输送来的物料进行搅动，可以撕破包裹餐厨垃圾的塑料、纸质包装。同时多个破袋钩11也形成了一个阻隔装置，阻止混在在物料中的较大杂质进入后续的变径螺纹段8。在处理其他类型物料的时候，可以根据需要，在变径螺纹段8中也设置破袋钩11或类似破碎工具，如图8所示。At the part where the equal-diameter conveying threaded section 12 is connected with the reduced-diameter threaded section 8, there is a disconnected part without threads, and the thread breaking position is at the bag breaking hook 11. The extrusion dehydration upper barrel 16 is provided with not less than 3 threaded holes, and a plurality of bag breaking hooks 11 or other crushing tools are screwed in through the threaded holes to agitate the materials conveyed by the equal-diameter conveying threaded section 12, which can tear Break the plastic and paper packaging used to wrap food waste. Simultaneously, a plurality of broken bag hooks 11 also form a blocking device, which prevents larger impurities mixed in the material from entering the follow-up variable-diameter threaded section 8 . When processing other types of materials, bag breaking hooks 11 or similar crushing tools can also be set in the variable diameter threaded section 8 as required, as shown in FIG. 8 .
在变径螺纹段8后设置为建压元件6，此时大部分液体已经通过筛网22进入液份收集槽9中，经过初步脱水处理的物料在经过反向螺纹元件时实现进一步脱水处理，建压元件的功能主要用于提高压力，使物料通过建立的压力脱水。The pressure building element 6 is set after the variable diameter thread section 8. At this time, most of the liquid has entered the liquid content collection tank 9 through the screen 22, and the material that has undergone preliminary dehydration treatment is further dehydrated when passing through the reverse thread element. The function of the pressure building element is mainly to increase the pressure and dehydrate the material through the established pressure.
等径螺纹段5，螺纹段直径、螺槽深度均与变径螺纹段8的小端相同。螺纹螺距为变径螺纹段8螺纹螺距的1/4到1/3，总长度为整段螺杆长度的1/5，并不少于4倍螺纹螺距。为便于加工安装，可以由多个螺纹元件组合而成。设置等径螺纹段5的作用在于与出口调节装置4相配合，进一步增加物料的压力，提高挤压脱液效果。The equal-diameter thread segment 5 has the same diameter and screw groove depth as the small end of the variable-diameter thread segment 8 . The thread pitch is 1/4 to 1/3 of the thread pitch of the variable-diameter thread section 8, and the total length is 1/5 of the length of the entire screw rod, which is not less than 4 times the thread pitch. In order to facilitate processing and installation, it can be composed of multiple threaded elements. The function of setting the equal-diameter thread section 5 is to cooperate with the outlet regulating device 4 to further increase the pressure of the material and improve the effect of extrusion dehydration.
物料脱液后留存的固体份从出料口B处排出到固份储箱19。出料口调节装置4主要通过调整可旋转挡板的位置控制出料口的开度，可旋转挡板的位置调节可以使用自动调节，也可以使用手动。当物料在出料口处含水率较低时，物料基本呈现固体摩擦移动状态，出料口调节装置4的可旋转挡板应设置为较大敞开度，以减少物料在机筒中的挤出阻力，控制螺杆扭矩。而当物料在出料口处含水率较高时，可旋转挡板应设置为较大闭合度，甚至可以短时间闭合，以提高物料的脱液效果。为了避免物料气味外散，可以在螺杆脱液机筒副出料口与固份储箱17的入口间使用塑料或防水布材料的遮罩连接。The solid content remaining after the material is deliquored is discharged from the discharge port B to the solid content storage tank 19. The outlet adjusting device 4 mainly controls the opening of the outlet by adjusting the position of the rotatable baffle, and the position adjustment of the rotatable baffle can be adjusted automatically or manually. When the moisture content of the material at the discharge port is low, the material basically presents a state of solid friction movement, and the rotatable baffle of the discharge port adjustment device 4 should be set to a larger opening to reduce the extrusion resistance of the material in the barrel , to control the screw torque. When the moisture content of the material at the discharge port is high, the rotatable baffle should be set to a larger closure, and can even be closed for a short time to improve the dehydration effect of the material. In order to prevent the smell of the material from dispersing, a cover of plastic or waterproof cloth material can be used to connect between the auxiliary outlet of the screw dehydrator barrel and the entrance of the solid content storage tank 17.
排气/清洗口3、液份储箱上开口15可分别用于对螺杆脱液机筒副和液份储箱20的清洗操作，清洗喷入的水可以从排污出口14、排液口23和排油口26排出。固份储箱19的清洗可使用顶部的接料口，清洗喷入的水可以从固份清理口25排出。The exhaust/cleaning port 3 and the upper opening 15 of the liquid storage tank can be used for the cleaning operation of the screw dehydrator barrel pair and the liquid storage tank 20 respectively. and drain port 26. The cleaning of the solid content storage tank 19 can use the material receiving port on the top, and the water sprayed into can be discharged from the solid content cleaning port 25.
本发明针对滚筒式、振动栅格分选装置的体积大、开放式处理气味污染严重、处理速度慢等问题，通过设置小型化、密闭化的集成设计，实现了餐厨垃圾的高效分选脱水，设备可用于社区、餐厅或直接车载进行移动处理。本发明针对沉降发酵分选处理装置间歇式生产、需要后续分选的问题，通过设置先分选后沉降的工序，实现了机械分选与静态沉降相结合，提高了分选处理效率。当设备应用于车载时，更实现了运输与处理的同时进行，提高了处理效率。The invention aims at the problems of large volume of drum type and vibrating grid sorting device, serious odor pollution and slow processing speed of open treatment, and realizes efficient sorting and dehydration of kitchen waste by setting a miniaturized and closed integrated design , the device can be used in communities, restaurants or directly on-board for mobile processing. The invention aims at the intermittent production of the sedimentation fermentation sorting treatment device and the need for subsequent sorting. By setting the process of first sorting and then sedimentation, the combination of mechanical sorting and static sedimentation is realized, and the efficiency of sorting treatment is improved. When the equipment is applied to the vehicle, it realizes the simultaneous transportation and processing and improves the processing efficiency.
本发明的脱液螺杆采用了芯轴与螺纹元件的组合式设计，在物料处理过程的微调方法上，通过调节出料口闭合度及螺杆脱液机筒副的俯仰角，利用挤压、重力效果在保证产量的前提下一定程度上提高了设备的脱液效果。The dehydrating screw of the present invention adopts the combined design of the mandrel and the threaded element. In the fine-tuning method of the material processing process, by adjusting the closure of the discharge port and the pitch angle of the screw dehydrating machine barrel pair, extrusion, gravity The effect improves the dehydration effect of the equipment to a certain extent under the premise of ensuring the output.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1（a）是本发明装置正视图。Figure 1(a) is a front view of the device of the present invention.
图1（b）是本发明装置右视图。Fig. 1(b) is a right side view of the device of the present invention.
图2（a）是实施例2装置正视图。Fig. 2 (a) is the front view of the device of embodiment 2.
图2（b）是实施例2装置右视图。Fig. 2(b) is a right side view of the device of Example 2.
图3（a）是过滤板正视图。Figure 3(a) is a front view of the filter plate.
图3（b）是过滤板右视图。Figure 3(b) is a right view of the filter plate.
图4是出料口调节装置示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a discharge opening adjustment device;
图5是本发明设计设备-30°倾斜状态示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the -30° inclined state of the design equipment of the present invention;
图6是螺旋强制加料装置示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a screw forced feeding device;
图7是反向变径螺纹元件示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a reverse reducing thread element;
图8是（a）为破袋钩；（b）为破碎刀；（c）为堵孔塞；Figure 8: (a) is a broken bag hook; (b) is a broken knife; (c) is a hole plug;
图9是图2（a）中的A-A界面示意图。Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the A-A interface in Fig. 2(a).
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
图1是本发明的一个实施例。液压支撑调整机构一端与储箱下底座固定，另一端固定在螺杆脱液机筒副上，用于调整机筒副倾角。电机固定连接在机筒副上。机筒副一侧开有加料口，用于将餐厨垃圾等含水物料送至机筒内部进行脱水操作。机筒副另一侧安装有出料口调节装置，通过调整可旋转挡板的闭合度控制含水物料在机筒副内压力的大小。下机筒下方安装有过滤板和液份收集槽。当液压支撑调整机构调整机筒副倾角至-45°时，机筒副加料口位置处于最低，以便于加料。本实施例中过滤板的过滤孔直径为3mm，当设备脱水操作进行到一定程度时，物料将堵塞一部分过滤孔，为保证脱水效率，一般工作1天可用喷水方式疏通堵塞的过滤孔，1至2周左右可拆卸过滤板进行清洗。Figure 1 is an embodiment of the present invention. One end of the hydraulic support adjustment mechanism is fixed to the lower base of the storage tank, and the other end is fixed to the screw dehydrating machine barrel pair to adjust the inclination angle of the machine barrel pair. The motor is fixedly connected on the barrel pair. There is a feeding port on the side of the machine barrel, which is used to send water-containing materials such as food waste to the inside of the machine barrel for dehydration. The other side of the barrel pair is equipped with an outlet adjustment device, which controls the pressure of the water-containing material in the barrel pair by adjusting the closure of the rotatable baffle. A filter plate and a liquid collection tank are installed under the lower barrel. When the hydraulic support adjustment mechanism adjusts the auxiliary inclination angle of the barrel to -45°, the position of the auxiliary feeding port of the barrel is at the lowest position for easy feeding. The diameter of the filter hole of the filter plate in this embodiment is 3 mm. When the dehydration operation of the equipment reaches a certain level, the material will block a part of the filter hole. The filter plate can be removed for cleaning after about 2 weeks.
脱液螺杆采用芯轴、螺纹元件的组合设计方式，螺杆按照功能分为三个区：1、等径输送螺纹段；2、变径螺纹段；3、建压元件段；4、等径螺纹段。从加料口出开始到距加料口1/5-1/3螺杆总长度为等径输送螺纹段，主要作用在于将加料口加入的物料向前输送。变径螺纹段将等径输送螺纹段11输送来的物料分别送入10-15个螺距较小、槽深逐渐变浅的小螺槽中，总长度为整段螺杆长度的1/2到3/5，主要作用在于不断增加物料的压力，实现初步挤压脱液。在等径输送螺纹段与变径螺纹段相连接的部分，有一处断开部分没有螺纹，螺纹断开位置在破袋钩处。挤压脱液上机筒从螺纹孔拧入3个螺纹孔，对物料进行搅动，撕破包裹餐厨垃圾的塑料、纸质包装。同时形成了一个阻隔装置，阻止混在在物料中的较大杂物进入变径螺纹段。反向螺纹段主要作用在于进一步建压以实现脱水，等径螺纹段总长度为整段螺杆长度的1/5，主要作用在于与出口调节装置相配合，进一步增加物料的压力，提高挤压脱液效果。The dehydration screw adopts the combined design of the mandrel and threaded components. The screw is divided into three areas according to the function: 1. Equal-diameter conveying thread section; 2. Variable-diameter thread section; 3. Pressure building element section; 4. Equal-diameter thread part. The total length of the screw from the feeding port to 1/5-1/3 from the feeding port is an equal-diameter conveying thread section, and its main function is to transport the material fed into the feeding port forward. The variable-diameter thread section feeds the materials conveyed by the equal-diameter conveying thread section 11 into 10-15 small screw grooves with smaller pitch and gradually shallower groove depth. The total length is 1/2 to 3 of the length of the entire screw. /5, the main function is to continuously increase the pressure of the material to achieve preliminary extrusion dehydration. In the part where the equal-diameter conveying thread section is connected with the variable-diameter thread section, there is a disconnected part without thread, and the thread disconnection position is at the bag breaking hook. Squeeze and remove liquid from the upper barrel and screw it into 3 threaded holes from the threaded holes to agitate the material and tear the plastic and paper packaging that wraps the food waste. At the same time, a blocking device is formed to prevent larger impurities mixed in the material from entering the variable-diameter thread section. The main function of the reverse thread section is to further build up pressure to achieve dehydration. The total length of the equal-diameter thread section is 1/5 of the length of the entire screw. The main function is to cooperate with the outlet adjustment device to further increase the pressure of the material and improve extrusion. liquid effect.
出料口调节装置主要通过调整可旋转挡板的位置控制出料口的开度，可旋转挡板的位置调节采用自动调节。当物料在出料口处含水率较低时，可旋转挡板设置为较大敞开度，以减少物料在机筒中的挤出阻力，控制螺杆扭矩。而当物料在出料口处含水率较高时，可旋转挡板设置为较大闭合度，甚至可以短时间闭合，以提高物料的脱液效果。为了避免物料气味外散，在螺杆脱液机筒副出料口与固份储箱的入口间使用防水布材料的遮罩连接。The outlet adjusting device mainly controls the opening of the outlet by adjusting the position of the rotatable baffle, and the position adjustment of the rotatable baffle adopts automatic adjustment. When the moisture content of the material at the outlet is low, the rotatable baffle is set to a larger opening to reduce the extrusion resistance of the material in the barrel and control the screw torque. When the moisture content of the material at the discharge port is high, the rotatable baffle is set to a larger closure, and can even be closed for a short time to improve the dehydration effect of the material. In order to prevent the smell of the material from dispersing, a waterproof cloth material cover is used to connect the auxiliary outlet of the screw dehydrator barrel and the inlet of the solids storage tank.
为利用重力在一定程度上增加物料脱液效果，可利用液压支撑调整机构调整螺杆脱液机筒副的俯仰角。根据设计，在-45°到15°之间调整机筒副与水平线之间的夹角。In order to use gravity to increase the material dehydration effect to a certain extent, the hydraulic support adjustment mechanism can be used to adjust the pitch angle of the screw dehydration machine barrel pair. According to the design, adjust the angle between the barrel pair and the horizontal line between -45° and 15°.
液份储箱内设有隔板，由于液份中的油水比重不同，油份浮在上方，利用隔板可以使浮在上方的油份导流到油份分格。分离出的油份可以由排油口排出，剩余液份可以从排液口排出。收集到固份储箱的物料可以从固份清理口排出。There is a baffle in the liquid storage tank. Due to the different specific gravity of oil and water in the liquid, the oil floats above. The baffle can guide the floating oil to the oil compartment. The separated oil can be discharged from the oil discharge port, and the remaining liquid can be discharged from the liquid discharge port. Material collected in the solids storage tank can be discharged from the solids clean-up port.
图5是设备调整俯仰角-30°后的状态。Figure 5 is the state of the equipment after adjusting the pitch angle to -30°.
实施例2Example 2
图2是本发明的实施例2，为利用本发明进行鱼虾等海产品废弃物的深加工。实施例2与实施例1不同之处在于，实施例2为实现对物料的破碎，在等径输送螺纹段与变径螺纹段间、变径螺纹段内设置了两处破碎装置插入点，通过螺纹拧入的不是破袋钩，而是破碎刀。为提高脱液效果，在变径螺纹段中设置了一段反向螺纹及建压挡圈，以增大螺杆对物料建立压力的能力。过滤板的过滤孔直径为2mm。实施例2的加料方式也与实施例1不同，使用螺旋强制加料装置进行强制加料，以提高装置的处理能力。由于对于脱出的液体不需要油水分离，因此液份储箱内不设油水分离的隔板，液份从排液口排出。收集到固份储箱的物料可以从固份清理口排出。Fig. 2 is embodiment 2 of the present invention, for utilizing the present invention to carry out deep processing of seafood wastes such as fish and shrimp. The difference between embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is that in embodiment 2, in order to realize the crushing of materials, two crushing device insertion points are set between the equal-diameter conveying thread section and the variable-diameter thread section, and in the variable-diameter thread section. It's not the bag breaker hook that threads in, but the breaker knife. In order to improve the dehydration effect, a section of reverse thread and a pressure building retaining ring are set in the variable diameter thread section to increase the ability of the screw to build pressure on the material. The filter hole diameter of the filter plate is 2 mm. The feeding mode of embodiment 2 is also different from embodiment 1, uses the screw forced feeding device to carry out forced feeding, to improve the processing capacity of device. Since oil-water separation is not required for the extracted liquid, there is no oil-water separation partition in the liquid storage tank, and the liquid is discharged from the liquid discharge port. Material collected in the solids storage tank can be discharged from the solids clean-up port.
Claims (8)
1. a miniaturization multipurpose changing food waste sorting dewatering processing device, it is characterized in that, comprise motor (1), shaft coupling (2), exhaust/Butterworth Hatch (3), discharge hole regulating mechanism (4), isometrical thread segment (5), build and press element (6), connecting mechanism for rotating (7), reducing thread segment (8), liquid part feeder (9), liquid part feeder row mouthful (10), breaker, isometrical conveying thread segment (12), movable sealing (13), screw mandrel (14), blowdown outlet (15), machine barrel (16) on the de-liquid of extruding, hydraulic pressure support guiding mechanism (17), machine barrel (18) under the de-liquid of extruding, Gu part storage tank (19), liquid part storage tank (20), hydraulic pressure support guiding mechanism (21), filter (22), leakage fluid dram (23), connecting hose (24), Gu part clean-up port (25), oil drain out (26), and automatic control system,
Screw rod liquid remover cylinder pair by screw mandrel (14), movable sealing (13), isometrical thread segment (5), build and press on element (6), reducing thread segment (8), isometrical conveying thread segment (12), the de-liquid of extruding machine barrel (18) under machine barrel (16), the de-liquid of extruding to form; Motor is fixed on screw rod liquid remover cylinder pair, motor is connected with screw mandrel (14) by shaft coupling (2), screw mandrel (14) stretches in the machine barrel pair, screw rod liquid remover cylinder is secondary to be connected with the storage tank pedestal by rotating mechanism (7), hydraulic pressure support guiding mechanism one end and storage tank lower bottom base are fixed, and the other end is fixed on screw rod liquid remover cylinder pair; Liquid part feeder (9) is connected with the lower machine barrel of screw rod liquid remover cylinder pair, material is from the charge door to the discharging opening, the experience screwing element is followed successively by isometrical conveying thread segment (12), reducing thread segment (8), builds and press element (6), isometrical thread segment (5), discharging opening and adjusting device (4), control water-containing materials in the secondary internal pressure of machine barrel by the closure of adjusting rotatable baffle plate, the machine barrel below is equipped with filter (22) and liquid part feeder (9), and the two ends root is used movable sealing to be sealed;
Screw rod liquid remover cylinder is secondary to link together by connecting mechanism for rotating (7) and storage tank pedestal, and this rotating mechanism coordinates and realizes by rotating shaft and sliding bearing; Hydraulic pressure support guiding mechanism (21) one ends and storage tank lower bottom base are fixed, and the other end is fixed on screw rod liquid remover cylinder pair, and screw rod liquid remover cylinder pair can tilt between angle-45 are ° to 15 °;
Liquid part feeder (9) is connected with the lower machine barrel (18) of screw rod liquid remover cylinder pair, and the feeder row mouthful (10) of liquid part feeder (9) is by connecting hose (24) connecting fluid part storage tank (20);
Between isometrical conveying thread segment and reducing thread segment, there is the screw thread of disconnection to coordinate with breaker, or establish the disconnection screw thread between the reducing thread segment and coordinate with breaker;
The secondary discharging opening of machine barrel is provided with adjusting device (4), the aperture of the Position Control discharging opening by adjusting rotatable baffle plate; Liquid part storage tank (20) utilizes profit proportion difference, dividing plate is set and makes the oil content water conservancy diversion that floats over top to the oil content lattice, realizes water-oil separating;
Exhaust/Butterworth Hatch (3), liquid part storage tank upper shed (16) are respectively used to the cleaning operation of and liquid part storage tank (20) secondary to screw rod liquid remover cylinder, clean the water sprayed into and discharge from blowdown outlet (14), leakage fluid dram (23) and oil drain out (26).
2. a kind of miniaturization multipurpose changing food waste sorting dewatering processing device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: heater is installed outside screw rod liquid remover cylinder pair and is realized temperature control.
3. a kind of miniaturization multipurpose changing food waste sorting dewatering processing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: install spiral additional at the entrance of screw rod liquid remover cylinder pair and force feeding device.
4. a kind of miniaturization multipurpose changing food waste sorting dewatering processing device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: oppositely reducing screwing element of part is set in reducing thread segment (8).
5. a kind of miniaturization multipurpose changing food waste sorting dewatering processing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: between the entrance of the secondary discharging opening of screw rod liquid remover cylinder and solid part of storage tank (19), the shade of use plastics or waterproof cloth material is connected.
6. a kind of miniaturization multipurpose changing food waste sorting dewatering processing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Isometrical conveying thread segment thread pitch be 10cm to 20cm, spiral groove depth is between 1/2 to 2/3 times of screw diameter, thread segment length is 1/6 to 1/4 of whole section spiro rod length, and is no less than 3 times of thread pitch.
7. a kind of miniaturization multipurpose changing food waste sorting dewatering processing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the reducing thread segment diameter of thread constantly diminishes, evenly excessive between dark screw channel and shallow screw channel, be that the dark screw channel of screw rod and shallow screw channel root are on same taper seat, spiral groove depth is maximum identical with isometrical conveying thread segment spiral groove depth, minimum between 1/4 to 1/3 times of screw diameter, thread pitch is not more than 10cm, total length is 1/2 to 3/5 of whole section spiro rod length, and is no less than 10 times of thread pitch.
8. a kind of miniaturization multipurpose changing food waste sorting dewatering processing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: isometrical thread segment diameter, spiral groove depth are all identical with the small end of reducing thread segment, thread pitch is 1/4 to 1/3 of reducing thread segment thread pitch, total length is 1/6 of whole section spiro rod length, and is no less than 4 times of thread pitch.
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| CN112337946A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-09 | 重庆文理学院 | A kind of organic waste microbial treatment equipment |
| CN112317511A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-05 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Small-size vertical aerobic fermentation system and push-pull shaking device thereof |
| CN112547765A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-26 | 尚思达 | Solid-liquid separation equipment that waste treatment used |
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