CN103471551B - Method for measuring tree diameter through constant angle - Google Patents

The invention discloses a method for measuring the tree diameter through a constant angle. The distance and slant angle of a stand tree are measured through the certain constant angle, and the diameter of the stand tree is measured through calculation. By means of the method, the diameter of the stand tree can be measured under the conditions that the terrain is complex and the stand tree is difficult to get close to, the problem that the diameter at the breast height of stand trees with a large diameter class is inconvenient to measure can be solved effectively, intensity of measurement operation is relieved to some extent, and efficient and accurate measurement of forest resources is achieved.

一种定角测距树径测量方法A Method for Measuring Tree Diameter with Fixed Angle and Ranging

一、技术领域1. Technical field

本发明为一种定角测距树径测量方法，用某一定角对立木进行测距和测倾斜角实现立木的树径计测。The invention relates to a method for measuring the diameter of a standing tree by measuring distance at a fixed angle, which uses a certain fixed angle to measure the distance and measure the inclination angle of the standing tree to realize the tree diameter measurement of the standing tree.

二、技术背景2. Technical Background

到目前为止，轮尺和围尺等传统仪器是林业上普遍采用的立木胸径测定工具，但传统仪器在外业调查实际操作过程中，仍存在很多问题：So far, traditional instruments such as calipers and girths are widely used in forestry to measure the diameter of standing trees. However, there are still many problems in the actual operation of traditional instruments in field surveys:

1.传统的测量工具需要走到立木前进行测量，对于地形复杂难以靠近的立木胸径测量比较困难甚至无法测量。1. Traditional measurement tools need to go to the standing tree for measurement. It is difficult or even impossible to measure the diameter of the standing tree with complex terrain and difficult to approach.

2.传统的测量工具对于树径很大的立木，单人较难完成或无法完成测量工作。2. With traditional measuring tools, it is difficult or impossible for a single person to complete the measurement of standing trees with large diameters.

3.传统仪器作业周期长，效率低，远远不能适应对森林资源和林业的调查需求。3. Traditional instruments have long operating cycles and low efficiency, which are far from meeting the needs of forest resources and forestry investigations.

因此，在森林资源调查过程中采用传统仪器测定立木胸径不可避免地带来了很多麻烦。本方法通过对简单的定角测距获取的数据进行有效处理，达到方便外业测量和节省人力资源。Therefore, the use of traditional instruments to measure the DBH of standing trees in the process of forest resource investigation inevitably brings a lot of trouble. The method effectively processes the data obtained by simple fixed-angle distance measurement, so as to facilitate field measurement and save human resources.

三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention

为克服传统方法数据获取周期长，效率低，提高效率，缩短周期，实现树径的精准测量，本方法提供一种定角测距树径测量方法，其特征是：远距离用某一定角对立木进行测距和测倾斜角实现立木树径计测。In order to overcome the long data acquisition cycle and low efficiency of the traditional method, improve efficiency, shorten the cycle, and realize the accurate measurement of tree diameter, this method provides a fixed-angle ranging tree diameter measurement method, which is characterized in that: long-distance use a certain fixed angle to oppose The distance and inclination angle of the tree are measured to realize the measurement of the diameter of the standing tree.

方法内容：Method content:

(1)利用可旋转机械遮挡片，在遮挡片上根据0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0四种遮挡片系数，凸出四个挡片，挡片宽度根据观测点到遮挡片的距离确定为1.22cm、1.72cm、2.43cm、3.44cm。观测点至遮挡片的距离为86cm。(1) Utilize the rotatable mechanical shielding sheet, and protrude four shielding sheets on the shielding sheet according to the four shielding coefficients of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0, and the width of the shielding sheet is determined as 1.22cm according to the distance from the observation point to the shielding sheet. 1.72cm, 2.43cm, 3.44cm. The distance from the observation point to the shielding sheet is 86cm.

(2)站在某一点通过前后移动使遮挡片恰好遮挡立木胸径测得观测点至立木的斜距和倾斜角，通过计算得到立木的胸径值。(2) Standing at a certain point and moving back and forth so that the blocking piece just blocks the diameter of the standing tree, measure the slant distance and inclination angle from the observation point to the standing tree, and obtain the value of the standing tree’s diameter at breast height by calculation.

本项发明与现有方法相比具有以下优点：Compared with existing methods, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1)解决了对于复杂地形和难以靠近立木情况下的胸径测量，并提高了测量效率。在一定程度上减轻测量作业强度。(1) Solve the problem of DBH measurement for complex terrain and difficult to approach standing trees, and improve the measurement efficiency. To a certain extent, the intensity of measurement work is reduced.

(2)对于大径阶立木胸径不便测量问题进行了有效解决，实现森林资源调查的高效、精准式测量。(2) The problem of inconvenient measurement of the diameter at breast height of large-diameter standing trees has been effectively solved, and efficient and accurate measurement of forest resource investigations has been realized.

四、附图说明4. Description of drawings

图1为胸径处斜距和倾斜角测量示意图Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of slope distance and slope angle at the DBH

图2为胸径测量示意图Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of chest diameter measurement

图3为角规系数挡片及尺寸示意图Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the angle gauge stopper and its size

五、具体实施方式：5. Specific implementation methods:

定角测距树径测量方法与现有测量树径方法不同，具体在于：The tree diameter measurement method of fixed angle ranging is different from the existing tree diameter measurement method, specifically in that:

(1)遮挡片系数，根据立木的树径大小不同可选择Fg=0.5，1.0，2.0，4.0四种不同的遮挡片系数。其中，观测点至遮挡片的距离为86cm，遮挡片的宽度依次为1.22cm，1.72cm，2.43cm，3.44cm。不同的Fg依次对应不同的视角α。(1) The shading coefficient, according to the size of the tree diameter of the standing tree, four different shading coefficients of Fg=0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 can be selected. Among them, the distance from the observation point to the blocking sheet is 86 cm, and the width of the blocking sheet is 1.22 cm, 1.72 cm, 2.43 cm, and 3.44 cm. Different Fg corresponds to different viewing angles α in turn.

(2)遮挡片至立木的距离测量，首先瞄准树干的1.3m处，通过前后移动遮挡片使得选择的遮挡片恰好完全遮挡立木树径时，通过测量得到观测点至立木的斜距L_s和倾斜角δ，根据公式①D_s=L_scos(δ)解算出观测点至立木的水平距离D_s。(2) To measure the distance from the shielding piece to the standing tree, first aim at the 1.3m of the trunk, move the shielding piece back and forth so that the selected shielding piece just completely blocks the tree diameter of the standing tree, and obtain the oblique distance L _s from the observation point to the standing tree by measuring According to the inclination angle δ, the horizontal distance D _s from the observation point to the standing tree is calculated according to the formula ①D _s =L _s cos(δ).

(3)立木树径计算，利用公式② ③ ④ ⑤ 来计算树径。根据选择的不同遮挡片系数利用不同的公式计算立木树径，当遮挡片系数为Fg=0.5时，选择公式②；当遮挡片系数为Fg＝1.0时，选择公式③；当遮挡片系数为Fg=2.0时，选择公式④；当遮挡片系数为Fg=4.0时，选择公式⑤。(3) Calculate the diameter of the standing tree, using the formula ② ③ ④ ⑤ to calculate the diameter of the tree. Utilize different formulas to calculate the diameter of the standing tree according to the different shading coefficients selected. When the shading coefficient is Fg=0.5, select formula ②; when the shading coefficient is Fg=1.0, select formula ③; when the shading coefficient is Fg When Fg=2.0, select formula ④; when the shielding coefficient is Fg=4.0, select formula ⑤.