CN103557803A - Method for measuring diameter of standing tree - Google Patents

本发明公开了一种量测立木直径的方法。该方法是在非接触立木的情况下，运用免棱镜全站仪瞄准被测立木指定高度的树干的两边，获取免棱镜全站仪与树干两遍视线切点的距离及其水平角，最后根据三角余弦定理得出立木直径。一种量测立木直径的方法，具有价格低廉、携带方便、量测过程简单和效率高等特点；尤其针对免棱镜全站仪提供了一种无需伐倒树木同时可以精准获取立木任意处直径的新的方法，不仅可以为林业科研提供数据，而且能够起到保护森林资源的作用。The invention discloses a method for measuring the diameter of a standing tree. The method is to use the non-prism total station to aim at the two sides of the trunk at the specified height of the measured standing tree under the condition of non-contact standing trees, and obtain the distance and the horizontal angle of the two line of sight tangent points between the non-prism total station and the trunk, and finally according to The trigonometric law of cosines gives the diameter of a standing tree. A method for measuring the diameter of standing trees, which has the characteristics of low price, convenient portability, simple measurement process and high efficiency; especially for the mirrorless total station, it provides a new method that can accurately obtain the diameter of standing trees at any place without felling trees The method can not only provide data for forestry scientific research, but also play a role in protecting forest resources.

一种量测立木直径的方法A method for measuring the diameter of standing trees

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及森林资源调查领域，尤其涉及一种量测立木直径的方法，特别适合于非接触式高精度量测立木的直径。The invention relates to the field of forest resource investigation, in particular to a method for measuring the diameter of standing trees, which is particularly suitable for non-contact high-precision measuring of the diameter of standing trees.

背景技术Background technique

森林资源调查中，如何精准获取立木的直径一直是林业研究者探讨的热门话题。传统的量测立木直径的工具有轮尺、直径卷尺和钩尺等工具，这些传统立木直径量测工具在使用过程中，需要同时满足以下的要求：量测的立木直径的位置必须是量测者能够接触到，这个要求导致了量测者必须接触到被量测立木，并且被量测立木的直径位置不能太高，在量测者的可控制范围内。这样的要求大大限制了量测立木直径的范围，对一些量测者不能到达或者很难到达区域的立木，无法进行直径量测；并且使得量测者无法量测到树木高度2m以上的直径。In forest resources investigation, how to accurately obtain the diameter of standing trees has always been a hot topic for forestry researchers. The traditional tools for measuring the diameter of standing trees include calipers, diameter tapes and hook rulers. These traditional standing tree diameter measuring tools need to meet the following requirements at the same time during use: the position of the measured standing tree diameter must be the measurement This requirement leads to the fact that the measurer must be in contact with the standing tree to be measured, and the diameter of the standing tree to be measured cannot be too high, within the controllable range of the measurer. Such requirements greatly limit the scope of measuring the diameter of standing trees. For some standing trees that cannot be reached or are difficult to reach, the diameter measurement cannot be performed; and it makes it impossible for the measurer to measure the diameter of trees with a height of more than 2m.

随着科技的发展，一些高科技技术及仪器在森林调查中应用开来。三维激光扫描仪在非接触式量测立木直径中优势明显：首先，对被量测的立木进行激光扫描，获取立木的点云数据，然后，将数据导入计算机，可以直接在计算机上量测任意段的立木直径，非常方便而且精度非常高。但市场上一台三维激光扫描仪价格在100万人民币左右，体积笨重、携带不方便、操作繁琐，且后期的数据处理对量测者的计算机水平要求很高，这些因素使得三维激光扫描仪量测立木直径还在处于科研阶段，距普及到森林资源调查中还有很长的路程。近景摄影测量技术在立木直径量测中应用，也是一种非接触式的量测立木直径的方法，该方法在采集数据的时候过程简单，但后期针对照片提取立木直径时，每个操作者针对同一棵树木同一处直径的量测，获取的数据精度不尽相同，受操作人员的技术水平影响很大，对操作人员的技术要求很高。With the development of science and technology, some high-tech techniques and instruments have been applied in forest surveys. The 3D laser scanner has obvious advantages in the non-contact measurement of the standing tree diameter: first, laser scan the measured standing tree to obtain the point cloud data of the standing tree, and then import the data into the computer, which can directly measure any It is very convenient and the accuracy is very high. However, the price of a 3D laser scanner on the market is around RMB 1 million, and it is bulky, inconvenient to carry, cumbersome to operate, and the later data processing requires a high computer level of the measurer. These factors make the volume of the 3D laser scanner The measurement of standing tree diameter is still in the scientific research stage, and there is still a long way to go before it is popularized in forest resources investigation. The application of close-range photogrammetry technology in the measurement of standing tree diameter is also a non-contact method for measuring the diameter of standing trees. The process of this method is simple when collecting data, but when extracting the diameter of standing trees from photos later, each operator needs to The measurement of the diameter of the same tree at the same place, the accuracy of the data obtained is not the same, which is greatly affected by the technical level of the operator, and the technical requirements for the operator are very high.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是针对上述不足之处提供了一种基于全站仪量测立木直径的方法，具有非接触式量测立木直径、价格低廉、精度高、操作方便和高效等特点。客服了传统量测立木的限制因素和局限性。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the diameter of a standing tree based on a total station, which has the characteristics of non-contact measurement of the diameter of a standing tree, low price, high precision, convenient operation and high efficiency. Overcome the limiting factors and limitations of traditional standing tree measurement.

本发明的一种量测立木直径的方法通过以下技术方案实现的：A method for measuring the diameter of standing trees of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种量测立木直径的方法步骤为：A method for measuring the diameter of a standing tree is as follows:

步骤一：使用全站仪瞄准被测立木指定高度的树干的一边，量测出全站仪与树干该点的距离D₁及其水平角；Step 1: Use the total station to aim at one side of the trunk at the specified height of the standing tree to be measured, and measure the distance D ₁ and the horizontal angle between the total station and the point of the trunk;

步骤二：水平移动全站仪的视准轴，使视准轴瞄准树干另一边，并量测出全站仪与树干另一边的距离D₂及其水平角；Step 2: Move the collimation axis of the total station horizontally so that the collimation axis is aimed at the other side of the trunk, and measure the distance D ₂ and the horizontal angle between the total station and the other side of the trunk;

步骤三：由全站仪量测立木指定高度树干的两边的水平角之差，获取立木指定高度树干的两边与全站仪的夹角β；Step 3: measure the difference between the horizontal angles of the two sides of the trunk at the designated height of the standing tree by the total station, and obtain the angle β between the two sides of the trunk at the designated height of the standing tree and the total station;

步骤四：根据三角余弦定理得出立木指定高度的树干两边的距离，即为立木直径D；Step 4: According to the trigonometric cosine theorem, the distance between the two sides of the trunk at the specified height of the standing tree is obtained, which is the diameter D of the standing tree;

其中：所述的对边原理求两点水平距离公式为： Wherein: described opposite side principle seeks two point horizontal distance formulas as:

式中：D——立木直径；In the formula: D——Standing tree diameter;

D₁——全站仪与树干一边视线切点的距离；D ₁ ——the distance between the total station and the tangent point of the line of sight on one side of the tree trunk;

D₂——全站仪与树干另一边视线切点的距离；D ₂ ——the distance between the total station and the tangent point of the line of sight on the other side of the tree trunk;

β——全站仪与立木树干两边视线夹角。β——The angle between the total station and the line of sight on both sides of the trunk of the standing tree.

本发明具有以下优点：基于全站仪的一种量测立木直径的方法，具有价格低廉、携带方便、量测过程简单和效率高等特点；尤其针对免棱镜全站仪提供了一种无需伐倒树木同时可以精准获取立木任意处直径的新的方法，不仅可以为林业科研提供数据，而且能够起到保护森林资源的作用。The present invention has the following advantages: a method for measuring the diameter of standing trees based on a total station has the characteristics of low price, easy portability, simple measurement process and high efficiency; At the same time, the new method of accurately obtaining the diameter of any standing tree can not only provide data for forestry research, but also play a role in protecting forest resources.

附图说明Description of drawings

附图1为免棱镜全站仪量测立木直径的示意图。Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic diagram of measuring the diameter of a standing tree with a prism-free total station.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如图1所示，一种量测立木直径的方法，按如下步骤进行；As shown in Figure 1, a method for measuring the diameter of a standing tree is carried out as follows;

步骤一：使用全站仪1瞄准被测立木指定高度的树干的一边，量测出全站仪1与树干2该点的距离D₁及其水平角；Step 1: Use the total station 1 to aim at one side of the trunk at the specified height of the measured standing tree, and measure the distance D ₁ and the horizontal angle between the total station 1 and the point of the trunk 2;

步骤二：水平移动全站仪1的视准轴，使视准轴瞄准树干2另一边，并量测出全站仪1与树干2另一边的距离D₂及其水平角；Step 2: move the collimation axis of the total station 1 horizontally, make the collimation axis aim at the other side of the trunk 2, and measure the distance D ₂ and the horizontal angle between the total station 1 and the other side of the trunk 2;

步骤三：由全站仪1量测立木指定高度树干2的两边的水平角之差，获取立木指定高度树干2的两边与全站仪的夹角β；Step 3: measure the horizontal angle difference between the two sides of the trunk 2 at the designated height of the standing tree by the total station 1, and obtain the angle β between the two sides of the trunk 2 at the designated height of the standing tree and the total station;

步骤四：根据三角余弦定理得出立木指定高度的树干两边的距离，即为立木直径D；Step 4: According to the trigonometric cosine theorem, the distance between the two sides of the trunk at the specified height of the standing tree is obtained, which is the diameter D of the standing tree;

其中：所述的对边原理求两点水平距离公式为：

Wherein: described opposite side principle seeks two point horizontal distance formulas as:

式中：D——立木树干2直径；In the formula: D - the diameter of the trunk of the standing tree;

D₁——全站仪1与树干2一边视线切点的距离；D ₁ ——the distance between total station 1 and the tangent point of line of sight on one side of tree trunk 2;

D₂——全站仪1与树干2另一边视线切点的距离；D ₂ ——the distance between total station 1 and the tangent point of line of sight on the other side of tree trunk 2;

β——全站仪1与立木树干2两边视线夹角。β——The angle between the total station 1 and the line of sight on both sides of the standing tree trunk 2.

为了更好的实施该技术方案，免棱镜全站仪能更精准获取数据，能更加方便操作。In order to better implement this technical solution, the prism-free total station can acquire data more accurately and be more convenient to operate.

1.一种量测立木直径的方法，按如下步骤进行：1. A method for measuring the diameter of a standing tree, carried out as follows: 步骤一：使用全站仪瞄准被测立木指定高度的树干的一边，量测出全站仪与树干该点的距离D₁及其水平角；Step 1: Use the total station to aim at one side of the trunk at the specified height of the standing tree to be measured, and measure the distance D ₁ and the horizontal angle between the total station and the point of the trunk; 步骤二：水平移动全站仪的视准轴，使视准轴瞄准树干另一边，并量测出全站仪与树干另一边的距离D₂及其水平角；Step 2: Move the collimation axis of the total station horizontally so that the collimation axis is aimed at the other side of the trunk, and measure the distance D ₂ and the horizontal angle between the total station and the other side of the trunk; 步骤三：由全站仪量测立木指定高度树干的两边的水平角之差，获取立木指定高度树干的两边与全站仪的夹角β；Step 3: measure the difference between the horizontal angles of the two sides of the trunk at the designated height of the standing tree by the total station, and obtain the angle β between the two sides of the trunk at the designated height of the standing tree and the total station; 步骤四：根据三角余弦定理得出立木指定高度的树干两边的距离，即为立木直径D；Step 4: According to the trigonometric cosine theorem, the distance between the two sides of the trunk at the specified height of the standing tree is obtained, which is the diameter D of the standing tree; 其中：所述的对边原理求两点水平距离公式为：

Wherein: described opposite side principle seeks two point horizontal distance formulas as:

式中：D——立木直径；In the formula: D——Standing tree diameter; D₁——全站仪与树干一边视线切点的距离；D ₁ ——the distance between the total station and the tangent point of the line of sight on one side of the tree trunk; D₂——全站仪与树干另一边视线切点的距离；D ₂ ——the distance between the total station and the tangent point of the line of sight on the other side of the tree trunk; β——全站仪与立木树干两边视线夹角。β——The angle between the total station and the line of sight on both sides of the trunk of the standing tree. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种立木直径的方法，其特征在于：全站仪为免棱镜全站仪。2. the method for a kind of standing tree diameter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the total station is a prism-free total station.