CN104201848B - A kind of double-stator permanent magnet vernier wind-driven generator - Google Patents
- ️Tue Jun 06 2017
CN104201848B - A kind of double-stator permanent magnet vernier wind-driven generator - Google Patents
A kind of double-stator permanent magnet vernier wind-driven generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN104201848B CN104201848B CN201410321107.6A CN201410321107A CN104201848B CN 104201848 B CN104201848 B CN 104201848B CN 201410321107 A CN201410321107 A CN 201410321107A CN 104201848 B CN104201848 B CN 104201848B Authority
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双定子永磁游标风力发电机，属于电机制造领域，包括外定子(4)、内定子(8)以及转子(6)；所述外定子开设有梨形槽和第一定子齿；所述内定子(8)设置有第二定子齿(9)，第二定子齿(9)设置磁通调制极(10)和磁通调制极槽(11)；所述转子(6)为杯状结构，所述转子上设置有Halbach结构永磁体(7)；所述外定子(4)的第一定子齿的齿数与内定子(8)上磁通调制极齿(10)的个数总数相等；且所述外定子(4)的梨形槽和磁通调制极(10)正对分布设置，外定子(4)的第一定子齿与磁通调制极槽(11)正对分布设置。本发明不仅能够产生高度正弦的气隙磁场，而且还具有大输出转矩的特性。
The invention discloses a double-stator permanent magnet vernier wind power generator, which belongs to the field of motor manufacturing and comprises an outer stator (4), an inner stator (8) and a rotor (6); the outer stator is provided with a pear-shaped slot and a first Stator teeth; the inner stator (8) is provided with second stator teeth (9), and the second stator teeth (9) are provided with flux modulation poles (10) and flux modulation pole slots (11); the rotor ( 6) is a cup-shaped structure, and the rotor is provided with a Halbach structure permanent magnet (7); the number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) is the same as that of the magnetic flux modulation pole teeth (10) on the inner stator (8). ) are equal in number; and the pear-shaped slots and flux modulation poles (10) of the outer stator (4) are oppositely distributed, and the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) and the flux modulation pole slots ( 11) Positively against the distribution setting. The invention not only can generate a highly sinusoidal air gap magnetic field, but also has the characteristic of large output torque.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种新型低速大转矩三相永磁游标直驱式风力发电机，属于电机制造技术领域。The invention relates to a novel low-speed and high-torque three-phase permanent magnet vernier direct-drive wind power generator, which belongs to the technical field of motor manufacturing.
背景技术Background technique
现有可再生清洁能源中，风能具有绿色清洁、安全、技术成熟度高等优点，其开发利用前景广阔。风力发电系统能够将自然界中风的动能转变成机械动能，继而进行机电能量转换，最终转换成生产生活可用的电能。风电系统核心装置在于完成机电能量转换的风力发电机，风力发电机性能优劣在很大程度上直接制约着风能利用效率，关系到风力发电系统的可靠性以及运营成本。大功率风力发电机转速较低，MW级容量的风机转速只有十几转/min。风速大于4m/s时可用于风力发电，现有多数风力发电机在较低风速时发电效率低下、风能利用较低，限制了风力发电在低速场合的应用，设计低速大转矩风力发电机一直是风电研究领域的热点和难点。Among the existing renewable and clean energy sources, wind energy has the advantages of greenness, cleanliness, safety, and high technological maturity, and its development and utilization have broad prospects. The wind power generation system can convert the kinetic energy of wind in nature into mechanical kinetic energy, then convert electromechanical energy, and finally convert it into electrical energy that can be used for production and life. The core device of the wind power system is the wind generator that completes the conversion of electromechanical energy. The performance of the wind generator directly restricts the utilization efficiency of wind energy to a large extent, and is related to the reliability and operating cost of the wind power system. The speed of high-power wind turbines is relatively low, and the speed of wind turbines with MW-level capacity is only a dozen revolutions/min. When the wind speed is greater than 4m/s, it can be used for wind power generation. Most of the existing wind power generators have low power generation efficiency and low wind energy utilization at low wind speeds, which limits the application of wind power generation in low-speed occasions. Designing low-speed and high-torque wind power generators has always been It is a hot and difficult point in the field of wind power research.
游标电机是一种新型的低速大转矩永磁电机，其工作原理基于“磁齿轮效应”原理，当定子电枢绕组相数、转子永磁体极对数、磁通调制极数目三者满足特定关系时，永磁转子产生的磁场被磁通调制极调制成含有不同次数谐波的空间磁场，其主要次数谐波与磁通调制极的极对数相同，该主波与定子电枢绕组所产生的基波磁场相互作用，产生特定的传动比，即为有效转矩，从而避免使用传统的齿轮箱，实现低速大转矩直驱式风力发电。The vernier motor is a new type of low-speed high-torque permanent magnet motor. Its working principle is based on the principle of "magnetic gear effect". relationship, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet rotor is modulated by the magnetic flux modulation poles into a space magnetic field containing different order harmonics, and its main order harmonics are the same as the number of pole pairs of the magnetic flux modulation poles. The generated fundamental magnetic field interacts to generate a specific transmission ratio, which is the effective torque, thereby avoiding the use of traditional gearboxes and realizing low-speed, high-torque direct-drive wind power generation.
近些年来，一种单定子表贴式永磁游标电机(Surface Permanent MagnetVernier Machine，以下简称SPMVM)由于其卓越的性能，如结构简单、空载反电动势正弦度较高和低速大转矩等优点，受到国内外学者广泛关注。然而，这种表贴式永磁Vernier电机的永磁体利用率不高，其气隙磁密强度不大，导致电机出力不够，转矩密度还有提升空间。In recent years, a single-stator surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier motor (Surface Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine, hereinafter referred to as SPMVM) has the advantages of simple structure, high sine degree of no-load back EMF and high torque at low speed due to its excellent performance. , has received widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. However, the permanent magnet utilization rate of this surface-mounted permanent magnet Vernier motor is not high, and its air gap magnetic density is not strong, resulting in insufficient motor output, and there is still room for improvement in torque density.
目前国内外对于双定子结构的永磁游标电机研究还比较少。At present, there are relatively few researches on permanent magnet vernier motors with double stator structure at home and abroad.
中国专利(申请号：CN201310069627.8)公布了一种内置永磁体式的双定子径向磁场游标电机，给出了内嵌式永磁转子组装的四种方法。上述所提出电机结构新颖，功率因数较高。其内定子中开有凹槽，凸起为定子齿，两凸起之间凹槽容纳绕组，这种定子结构使得绕组利用率不高。Chinese patent (application number: CN201310069627.8) discloses a double-stator radial magnetic field vernier motor with built-in permanent magnets, and provides four methods for assembling the built-in permanent magnet rotor. The motor proposed above has novel structure and high power factor. There are grooves in the inner stator, the protrusions are stator teeth, and the grooves between the two protrusions accommodate the windings. This stator structure makes the winding utilization rate not high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种高度正弦的气隙磁场和大输出转矩特性的径向磁场双定子永磁游标电机。Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a radial magnetic field double-stator permanent magnet vernier motor with highly sinusoidal air gap magnetic field and large output torque characteristics.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种双定子永磁游标风力发电机，包括外定子(4)、内定子(8)以及转子(6)；所述外定子(4)、内定子(8)尺寸不同，且所述外定子(4)、内定子(8)同轴内外套接布置，而所述转子(6)设置于外定子(4)和内定子(8)之间，且外定子(4)、内定子(8)与转子(6)三者同心分布：A dual-stator permanent magnet vernier wind generator, comprising an outer stator (4), an inner stator (8) and a rotor (6); the outer stator (4), the inner stator (8) have different sizes, and the outer stator (4), inner stator (8) coaxial inner and outer sleeve arrangement, and described rotor (6) is arranged between outer stator (4) and inner stator (8), and outer stator (4), inner stator (8) ) and the rotor (6) are distributed concentrically:
所述外定子(4)呈圆筒形，且其内部沿周向开设有梨形槽，所述梨形槽槽中放置第一三相电枢绕组，相邻槽间为第一定子齿；The outer stator (4) is cylindrical, and its interior is provided with pear-shaped slots along the circumferential direction. The first three-phase armature winding is placed in the pear-shaped slots, and the first stator teeth are between adjacent slots. ;
所述内定子(8)为圆筒齿形结构，所述内定子(8)外部沿周向设置有一个以上的第二定子齿(9)，所述相邻的第二定子齿之间放置第二三相电枢绕组，每个第二定子齿(9)沿周向均设置一个以上的磁通调制极(10)，所述磁通调制极之间设置有磁通调制极槽(11)；The inner stator (8) has a cylindrical tooth structure, and more than one second stator teeth (9) are arranged on the outside of the inner stator (8) along the circumferential direction, and the adjacent second stator teeth are placed between For the second three-phase armature winding, each second stator tooth (9) is provided with more than one magnetic flux modulation pole (10) along the circumferential direction, and magnetic flux modulation pole slots (11) are arranged between the magnetic flux modulation poles;
所述转子(6)为杯状结构，所述转子(6)内外表面上设置有Halbach结构永磁体(7)，且内外表面上相对的永磁体(7)的充磁方向相同；The rotor (6) is a cup-shaped structure, and the inner and outer surfaces of the rotor (6) are provided with Halbach structure permanent magnets (7), and the magnetization directions of the relative permanent magnets (7) on the inner and outer surfaces are the same;
所述外定子(4)的第一定子齿的齿数与内定子(8)上磁通调制极齿(10)的个数总数相等；且所述外定子(4)的梨形槽和磁通调制极(10)正对分布设置，外定子(4)的第一定子齿与磁通调制极槽(11)正对分布设置。The number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) is equal to the total number of magnetic flux modulation pole teeth (10) on the inner stator (8); The flux modulation poles (10) are disposed in direct opposition, and the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) are disposed in direct opposition to the magnetic flux modulation pole slots (11).
进一步地：还包括机壳(1)、转轴(2)，所述转轴(2)设置于机壳(1)内，而转轴(2)的作动端通过第一轴承与机壳(1)连接，且该作动端伸出机壳(1)外；所述外定子(4)固定于机壳(1)上，内定子(8)通过电机机座臂(12)固定于机壳(1)上；所述转轴(2)上设置有有凸起，所述杯状转子(6)一侧通过凸起与转轴(2)相连，另一侧通过轴承(3)固定于机座臂(12)上。Further: it also includes a casing (1), a rotating shaft (2), the rotating shaft (2) is arranged in the casing (1), and the actuating end of the rotating shaft (2) is connected to the casing (1) through the first bearing connected, and the actuating end extends out of the casing (1); the outer stator (4) is fixed on the casing (1), and the inner stator (8) is fixed to the casing ( 1) above; the rotating shaft (2) is provided with a protrusion, one side of the cup-shaped rotor (6) is connected to the rotating shaft (2) through the protrusion, and the other side is fixed to the base arm through the bearing (3) (12) on.
优选的：所述第一三相电枢绕组、第二三相电枢绕组均采用三相分数槽集中结构形式。Preferably: both the first three-phase armature winding and the second three-phase armature winding adopt a three-phase fractional slot centralized structure.
优选的：所述第二定子齿(9)上磁通调制极(10)为平行齿梯形槽结构。Preferably: the magnetic flux modulation pole (10) on the second stator tooth (9) has a parallel tooth trapezoidal slot structure.
优选的：所述Halbach结构永磁体(7)通过表贴的方式设置于转子的内外表面。Preferably: the Halbach structure permanent magnet (7) is arranged on the inner and outer surfaces of the rotor in a surface mount manner.
优选的：所述Halbach结构永磁体(7)通过内置的方式设置于转子上，且所述Halbach结构永磁体通过隔磁套封装于转子内。Preferably: the Halbach structure permanent magnet (7) is arranged on the rotor in a built-in manner, and the Halbach structure permanent magnet is packaged in the rotor through a magnetic isolation sleeve.
优选的：所述每个第二定子齿(9)上的磁通调制极的个数为三个。Preferably: the number of magnetic flux modulation poles on each second stator tooth (9) is three.
优选的：所述外定子(4)上圆周上均匀分布有18个梨形槽；所述第二定子齿(9)的个数为6个。Preferably: 18 pear-shaped slots are evenly distributed on the upper circumference of the outer stator (4); the number of the second stator teeth (9) is 6.
本发明电机转矩密度和反电势高度正弦原理如下：The sinusoidal principle of motor torque density and back EMF height of the present invention is as follows:
通过采用转子(6)内外表贴Halbach型永磁体(7)体方式，在给电机提供了较高气隙密度磁通同时，气隙磁密波形正弦度有较大提高，内外双定子结构，能够增大定子电枢绕组(5)的电势，从而提高电机转矩密度。By adopting the method of attaching Halbach-type permanent magnets (7) inside and outside the rotor (6), while providing a higher air-gap density flux to the motor, the sine degree of the air-gap flux density waveform is greatly improved, and the inner and outer double stator structure, The potential of the stator armature winding (5) can be increased, thereby increasing the torque density of the motor.
工作原理：working principle:
由于外定子(4)内部沿周向开设有梨形槽，所述梨形槽槽中放置第一三相电枢绕组，相邻槽间为第一定子齿；内定子(8)外部沿周向设置有一个以上的第二定子齿(9)，所述相邻的第二定子齿之间放置第二三相电枢绕组，每个第二定子齿(9)沿周向均设置一个以上的磁通调制极(10)，所述磁通调制极之间设置有磁通调制极槽(11)；所述转子(6)内外表面上设置有Halbach结构永磁体(7)，且内外表面上相对设置的永磁体(7)的充磁方向相同；且所述外定子(4)的第一定子齿的齿数与内定子(8)上磁通调制极齿(10)的个数总数相等；且所述外定子(4)的梨形槽和磁通调制极(10)正对分布设置，外定子(4)的第一定子齿与磁通调制极槽(11)正对分布设置；因此外定子(4)的第一定子齿的齿数等于永磁体(7)极对数与外定子(4)的第一三相电枢绕组极对数之和，内定子(8)磁通调制极数等于永磁体7极对数与内定子(8)第二三相电枢绕组极对数之和，外定子(4)的第一定子齿的齿数与内定子(8)上磁通调制极数相等，内外定子第一、二三相电枢绕组反电势同频率；永磁体(7)极对数与外定子磁场极对数比即为电机传动比；当永磁转子(6)有一个微小位置变化时，就能引起一个较大的磁通变化，从而产生大转矩输出，满足游标电机谐波调制工作原理。Since the inside of the outer stator (4) is provided with a pear-shaped slot along the circumferential direction, the first three-phase armature winding is placed in the pear-shaped slot, and the first stator teeth are between adjacent slots; the outer edge of the inner stator (8) is More than one second stator teeth (9) are arranged in the circumferential direction, and a second three-phase armature winding is placed between the adjacent second stator teeth, and each second stator tooth (9) is provided with more than one Magnetic flux modulation poles (10), magnetic flux modulation pole slots (11) are arranged between the magnetic flux modulation poles; Halbach structure permanent magnets (7) are arranged on the inner and outer surfaces of the rotor (6), and on the inner and outer surfaces The magnetization directions of the oppositely arranged permanent magnets (7) are the same; and the number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) is equal to the total number of flux modulation pole teeth (10) on the inner stator (8) ; and the pear-shaped slots of the outer stator (4) and the magnetic flux modulation poles (10) are disposed in direct opposition, and the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) are disposed in opposition to the magnetic flux modulation pole slots (11) ; Therefore, the number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) equals the sum of the pole pairs of the permanent magnet (7) and the number of pole pairs of the first three-phase armature winding of the outer stator (4), and the inner stator (8) magnetic The number of modulation poles is equal to the sum of the number of 7 pole pairs of the permanent magnet and the number of pole pairs of the second three-phase armature winding of the inner stator (8), and the number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) is the same as that of the first stator teeth of the inner stator (8). The number of magnetic flux modulation poles is equal, and the back electromotive force of the first and second three-phase armature windings of the inner and outer stators is the same frequency; the ratio of the pole logarithm of the permanent magnet (7) to the pole logarithm of the outer stator magnetic field is the motor transmission ratio; when the permanent magnet rotor ( 6) When there is a small position change, it can cause a large magnetic flux change, thereby generating a large torque output, which satisfies the working principle of the vernier motor harmonic modulation.
本发明提供的一种双定子永磁游标风力发电机，相比现有技术，具有以下有益效果：A double-stator permanent magnet vernier wind power generator provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1.省略了齿轮箱环节，减小了风力发电系统故障率，提高了整个风力发电系统的可靠性。1. The gearbox link is omitted, which reduces the failure rate of the wind power generation system and improves the reliability of the entire wind power generation system.
2.产生正弦度较高的反电势波形，定转子结构简单，易于制造、装配，维护方便。2. It produces a back EMF waveform with a high sine degree, and the structure of the stator and rotor is simple, easy to manufacture, assemble, and easy to maintain.
3.电机定子电枢绕组采用集中式绕组，能够有效地降低绕组端部长度，使得电机端部效应明显减小。3. The stator armature winding of the motor adopts a concentrated winding, which can effectively reduce the length of the winding end, so that the effect of the motor end is significantly reduced.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1为本发明电机的装配示意图；Accompanying drawing 1 is the assembly schematic diagram of motor of the present invention;
附图2为本发明电机的结构示意图；Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of motor of the present invention;
附图3为本发明电机定子齿及磁通调制极示意图；Accompanying drawing 3 is the schematic diagram of motor stator teeth and magnetic flux modulation poles of the present invention;
附图4为本发明电机的绕组分布示意图；Accompanying drawing 4 is the winding distribution schematic diagram of motor of the present invention;
附图5为本发明电机的转子(6)三种不同形式，图5.1(a)为Halbach永磁转子结构，图5.1(b)内外表贴永磁转子结构，图5.1(c)为具有聚磁效应的内嵌式永磁转子结构。Accompanying drawing 5 is three different forms of the rotor (6) of the motor of the present invention, Fig. 5.1 (a) is the structure of Halbach permanent magnet rotor, Fig. 5.1 (b) is the structure of permanent magnet rotor attached inside and outside, Fig. 5.1 (c) is the structure with polymer Magnetic effect embedded permanent magnet rotor structure.
图中：1机壳，2转轴，3轴承，4外定子，5电枢绕组，6杯状转子，7 Halbach结构永磁体，8内定子，9定子齿，10磁通调制极11磁通调制极槽，12机座臂，13隔磁套。In the figure: 1 casing, 2 rotating shaft, 3 bearing, 4 outer stator, 5 armature winding, 6 cup rotor, 7 Halbach structure permanent magnet, 8 inner stator, 9 stator teeth, 10 flux modulation pole 11 flux modulation Pole groove, 12 base arms, 13 magnetic isolation sleeves.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
一种双定子永磁游标风力发电机，如图1所示，包括外定子4、内定子8以及转子6；所述外定子4、内定子8尺寸不同，且所述外定子4、内定子8同轴内外套接布置，而所述转子6设置于外定子4和内定子8之间，且外定子4、内定子8与转子6三者同心分布：A double-stator permanent magnet vernier wind generator, as shown in Figure 1, includes an outer stator 4, an inner stator 8 and a rotor 6; the outer stator 4, the inner stator 8 have different sizes, and the outer stator 4, the inner stator 8 coaxial inner and outer sleeves, and the rotor 6 is arranged between the outer stator 4 and the inner stator 8, and the outer stator 4, the inner stator 8 and the rotor 6 are concentrically distributed:
本发明实例电机含有双层气隙拓扑结构，所述外定子4呈圆筒形，且其内部沿周向开设有梨形槽，所述梨形槽槽中放置第一三相电枢绕组，相邻槽间为第一定子齿；The motor of the example of the present invention has a double-layer air-gap topological structure, the outer stator 4 is cylindrical, and a pear-shaped slot is opened inside it along the circumferential direction, and the first three-phase armature winding is placed in the pear-shaped slot. Between adjacent slots is the first stator tooth;
所述内定子8为圆筒齿形结构，所述内定子8外部沿周向设置有一个以上的第二定子齿9，所述相邻的第二定子齿之间放置第二三相电枢绕组，每个第二定子齿9沿周向均设置一个以上的磁通调制极10，所述磁通调制极之间设置有磁通调制极槽11；The inner stator 8 is a cylindrical tooth structure, and more than one second stator teeth 9 are arranged on the outside of the inner stator 8 along the circumferential direction, and a second three-phase armature is placed between the adjacent second stator teeth. In the winding, each second stator tooth 9 is provided with more than one magnetic flux modulation pole 10 along the circumferential direction, and a magnetic flux modulation pole slot 11 is arranged between the magnetic flux modulation poles;
所述转子6为杯状结构，所述转子上设置有Halbach结构永磁体7，且内外表贴的永磁体7的充磁方向相同；即所述转子(6)内外表面上设置有Halbach结构永磁体(7)，且内外表面上相对的永磁体(7)的充磁方向相同。The rotor 6 is a cup-shaped structure, the rotor is provided with a Halbach structure permanent magnet 7, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 7 attached inside and outside is the same; that is, the rotor (6) is provided with a Halbach structure permanent magnet on the inner and outer surfaces. magnet (7), and the magnetization directions of the opposite permanent magnets (7) on the inner and outer surfaces are the same.
所述外定子4的第一定子齿的齿数与内定子8上磁通调制极齿10的个数总数相等；定子电枢绕组极对数、转子永磁极对数和定子磁通调制极数有多种组合，如2所示，有17对转子极，1对定子极和18个磁通调制极；且所述外定子4的梨形槽和磁通调制极10正对分布设置，外定子4的第一定子齿与磁通调制极槽11正对分布设置。The number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator 4 is equal to the total number of the flux modulation pole teeth 10 on the inner stator 8; There are many combinations, as shown in 2, there are 17 pairs of rotor poles, 1 pair of stator poles and 18 magnetic flux modulation poles; The first stator teeth of the stator 4 are disposed opposite to the magnetic flux modulation pole slots 11 .
所述外定子4、内定子8形状尺寸不同，外定子4齿数与内定子8上磁通调制极数相等，内外定子电枢绕组均采用三相集中式绕组，外定子4、内定子8与转子6三者同心分布，转子6上有Halbach型钕铁硼永磁体7，产生高度正弦反电势波形。外定子4的第一定子齿的齿数等于永磁体7极对数与外定子4的第一三相电枢绕组极对数之和，内定子8磁通调制极数等于永磁体7极对数与内定子8第二三相电枢绕组极对数之和。因此本发明的永磁体7极对数Pr、内定子电枢极对数Ns以及磁通调制极数目NFMP之间满足NFMP＝Ns+Pr，完成谐波磁通调制工作原理，实现低速大转矩运行。本电机采用所述双定子及转子内外表贴Halbach永磁结构，可有效提高电机的转矩和功率密度，减少电机的铜耗。The shape and size of the outer stator 4 and the inner stator 8 are different, the number of teeth of the outer stator 4 is equal to the number of magnetic flux modulation poles on the inner stator 8, the armature windings of the inner and outer stators all adopt three-phase centralized windings, the outer stator 4, the inner stator 8 and the The three rotors 6 are concentrically distributed, and there is a Halbach type NdFeB permanent magnet 7 on the rotor 6, which generates a highly sinusoidal back EMF waveform. The number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator 4 is equal to the sum of the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet 7 and the number of pole pairs of the first three-phase armature winding of the outer stator 4, and the number of magnetic flux modulation poles of the inner stator 8 is equal to the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet 7 The sum of the number and the number of pole pairs of the second three-phase armature winding of the inner stator 8. Therefore, the number of pole pairs Pr of the permanent magnet 7, the number of pole pairs Ns of the inner stator armature, and the number of magnetic flux modulation poles N FMP satisfy N FMP =Ns+Pr, complete the working principle of harmonic flux modulation, and realize low-speed large torque operation. The motor adopts the double stator and the Halbach permanent magnet structure on the inside and outside of the rotor, which can effectively improve the torque and power density of the motor and reduce the copper consumption of the motor.
所述外定子4上圆周上均匀分布有18个梨形槽；所述第二定子齿9的个数为6个。There are 18 pear-shaped slots evenly distributed on the upper circumference of the outer stator 4; the number of the second stator teeth 9 is 6.
如图1所示，还包括机壳1、转轴2，所述转轴2设置于机壳1内，而转轴2的作动端通过第一轴承与机壳1连接，且该作动端伸出机壳1外；所述外定子4固定于机壳1上，内定子8通过电机机座臂12固定于机壳1上；所述转轴2上设置有有凸起，所述杯状转子6一侧通过凸起与转轴2相连，另一侧通过轴承3固定于机座臂12上。As shown in Figure 1, it also includes a casing 1 and a rotating shaft 2, the rotating shaft 2 is arranged in the casing 1, and the actuating end of the rotating shaft 2 is connected with the casing 1 through the first bearing, and the actuating end protrudes Outside the casing 1; the outer stator 4 is fixed on the casing 1, and the inner stator 8 is fixed on the casing 1 through the motor base arm 12; a protrusion is provided on the rotating shaft 2, and the cup-shaped rotor 6 One side is connected with the rotating shaft 2 through a protrusion, and the other side is fixed on the base arm 12 through a bearing 3 .
上述外定子4、内定子8，转子6结构机械稳定性较强，受力均衡，可保证本发明的电磁性能不受影响。The above-mentioned outer stator 4, inner stator 8, and rotor 6 have strong structural mechanical stability and balanced force, which can ensure that the electromagnetic performance of the present invention is not affected.
本发明实例所述第二定子齿9上磁通调制极10为平行齿梯形槽结构。即电机内定子8上磁通调制极10优选采用平行齿梯形槽结构，如图3所示，所述每个第二定子齿9上的磁通调制极的个数为三个。即每个定子齿上有三个磁通调制极10。The magnetic flux modulation pole 10 on the second stator tooth 9 described in the example of the present invention has a parallel tooth trapezoidal slot structure. That is, the magnetic flux modulation poles 10 on the inner stator 8 of the motor preferably adopt a parallel tooth trapezoidal slot structure, as shown in FIG. 3 , the number of magnetic flux modulation poles on each second stator tooth 9 is three. That is, there are three flux modulation poles 10 on each stator tooth.
本发明实例的游标电机转子6采用内外表贴Halbach永磁结构，与传统单定子永磁表贴式游标电机相比，本发明电机在提高主磁通的同时也能较大幅度提高气隙磁通的正弦度，双定子结构增大了电机转矩输出能力，提高了电机的功率因数。The vernier motor rotor 6 of the example of the present invention adopts the Halbach permanent magnet structure mounted on the inside and outside. Compared with the traditional single-stator permanent magnet surface-mounted vernier motor, the motor of the present invention can also greatly improve the air gap magnetic flux while increasing the main magnetic flux. The sine degree of the pass, the double stator structure increases the torque output capacity of the motor, and improves the power factor of the motor.
所述第一三相电枢绕组、第二三相电枢绕组均采用三相分数槽集中结构形式，即本发明实例的游标电机内外定子4均采用三相集中式绕组，图4为本电机绕组示意图，绕组顺序为A+A-C-C+B+B-A-A+C+C-B-B+。The first three-phase armature winding and the second three-phase armature winding all adopt the three-phase fractional slot centralized structure, that is, the inner and outer stators 4 of the vernier motor of the example of the present invention all adopt three-phase centralized windings, and Fig. 4 is the motor Winding diagram, the winding sequence is A+A-C-C+B+B-A-A+C+C-B-B+.
图5为所提出电机的三种不同的转子结构，图5.1(a)游标电机转子所示结构中，内外表贴Halbach永磁结构转子，该结构能够产生高度正弦的气隙磁场，图5.1(b)为内外表贴式永磁结构转子，图5.1(c)永磁体内嵌结构转子，该结构有聚磁效益，但有漏磁现象，需增加隔磁套。即：Figure 5 shows three different rotor structures of the proposed motor. In the structure shown in Figure 5.1(a) of the vernier motor rotor, the Halbach permanent magnet structure rotor is attached on the inside and outside, and this structure can generate a highly sinusoidal air-gap magnetic field. Figure 5.1( b) It is a permanent magnet structure rotor mounted on the inside and outside. Figure 5.1 (c) is a rotor with a permanent magnet embedded structure. This structure has the benefit of magnetic flux accumulation, but has magnetic flux leakage, and a magnetic isolation sleeve needs to be added. which is:
所述Halbach结构永磁体7通过表贴的方式设置于转子的内外表面。The Halbach structure permanent magnet 7 is arranged on the inner and outer surfaces of the rotor in a surface mount manner.
所述Halbach结构永磁体7通过内置的方式设置于转子上，且所述Halbach结构永磁体通过隔磁套封装于转子内。The Halbach structure permanent magnet 7 is arranged on the rotor in a built-in manner, and the Halbach structure permanent magnet is packaged in the rotor through a magnetic isolation sleeve.
本发明实例游标电机相邻磁极磁路路径为：从内定子8轭部穿过内定子8齿到磁通调制极9，再穿过内定子8与转子6之间的气隙，然后穿过转子6，接着穿过转子6与外定子4之间的气隙，最后通过外定子4齿部到达外定子4轭部。The path of the magnetic circuit of the adjacent magnetic poles of the vernier motor in the example of the present invention is: from the yoke of the inner stator 8 through the teeth of the inner stator 8 to the flux modulation pole 9, then through the air gap between the inner stator 8 and the rotor 6, and then through The rotor 6 then passes through the air gap between the rotor 6 and the outer stator 4 , and finally passes through the teeth of the outer stator 4 to reach the yoke of the outer stator 4 .
本发明电机转矩密度和反电势高度正弦原理如下：The sinusoidal principle of motor torque density and back EMF height of the present invention is as follows:
通过采用转子6内外表贴Halbach型永磁体7体方式，在给电机提供了较高气隙密度磁通同时，气隙磁密波形正弦度有较大提高，内外双定子结构，能够增大定子电枢绕组5的电势，从而提高电机转矩密度。By adopting the method of attaching 7 Halbach type permanent magnets on the inside and outside of the rotor 6, while providing the motor with a higher air gap density flux, the sine degree of the air gap flux density waveform is greatly improved, and the inner and outer double stator structure can increase the size of the stator. The potential of the armature winding 5, thereby increasing the torque density of the motor.
工作原理：working principle:
由于外定子4内部沿周向开设有梨形槽，所述梨形槽槽中放置第一三相电枢绕组，相邻槽间为第一定子齿；内定子8外部沿周向设置有一个以上的第二定子齿9，所述相邻的第二定子齿之间放置第二三相电枢绕组，每个第二定子齿9沿周向均设置一个以上的磁通调制极10，所述磁通调制极之间设置有磁通调制极槽11；所述转子6内外表面上设置有Halbach结构永磁体7，且内外表面上相对设置的永磁体7的充磁方向相同；且所述外定子4的第一定子齿的齿数与内定子8上磁通调制极齿10的个数总数相等；且所述外定子4的梨形槽和磁通调制极10正对分布设置，外定子4的第一定子齿与磁通调制极槽11正对分布设置；因此外定子4的第一定子齿的齿数等于永磁体7极对数与外定子4的第一三相电枢绕组极对数之和，内定子8磁通调制极数等于永磁体7极对数与内定子8第二三相电枢绕组极对数之和，外定子4的第一定子齿的齿数与内定子8上磁通调制极数相等，内外定子第一、二三相电枢绕组反电势同频率；永磁体7极对数与外定子磁场极对数比即为电机传动比；当永磁转子6有一个微小位置变化时，就能引起一个较大的磁通变化，从而产生大转矩输出，满足游标电机谐波调制工作原理。Since the inside of the outer stator 4 is provided with a pear-shaped slot along the circumferential direction, the first three-phase armature winding is placed in the pear-shaped slot, and the first stator teeth are between adjacent slots; the outside of the inner stator 8 is provided with More than one second stator tooth 9, a second three-phase armature winding is placed between the adjacent second stator teeth, each second stator tooth 9 is provided with more than one magnetic flux modulation pole 10 along the circumferential direction, the A magnetic flux modulation pole slot 11 is arranged between the magnetic flux modulation poles; a Halbach structure permanent magnet 7 is arranged on the inner and outer surfaces of the rotor 6, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 7 oppositely arranged on the inner and outer surfaces is the same; and the outer The number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the stator 4 is equal to the total number of the magnetic flux modulation pole teeth 10 on the inner stator 8; The first stator teeth of 4 and the magnetic flux modulation pole slot 11 are distributed and arranged in direct opposition; therefore, the number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator 4 is equal to the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet 7 and the first three-phase armature winding of the outer stator 4 The sum of the number of pole pairs, the number of magnetic flux modulation poles of the inner stator 8 is equal to the sum of the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet 7 and the number of pole pairs of the second three-phase armature winding of the inner stator 8, and the number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator 4 is equal to The number of magnetic flux modulation poles on the inner stator 8 is equal, and the back EMFs of the first and second three-phase armature windings of the inner and outer stators are at the same frequency; When the rotor 6 has a small position change, it can cause a large magnetic flux change, thereby generating a large torque output, which satisfies the working principle of the vernier motor harmonic modulation.
由上述可知，本发明提出的游标电机与磁齿轮有明显区别。磁齿轮由具有较少磁极高速旋转的内转子、较多磁极低速旋转的外转子以及一个由高导磁材料和非导磁材料交错组成的调磁环组成，内、外转子表面放置不同极对数的永磁体，调磁环固定不动，将多级外转子产生的较多数目的空间磁场在内侧气隙中调制成含有主要谐波次数与内定子极对数相同的空间谐波，调磁环起到调制内、外转子磁场的作用。由此可以看出，磁齿轮由于调磁环的存在，产生了双层气隙结构，使得气隙磁场较为复杂，导致其功率密度较低。本发明提出一种新型双定子低速大转矩游标电机，在实现低速大转矩的同时，能够有效增加电机的磁场强度和功率密度。From the above, it can be seen that the vernier motor proposed by the present invention is obviously different from the magnetic gear. The magnetic gear is composed of an inner rotor with fewer magnetic poles rotating at high speed, an outer rotor with more magnetic poles rotating at low speed, and a magnetic adjustment ring composed of high magnetic permeability material and non-magnetic material interlaced. Different pole pairs are placed on the surface of the inner and outer rotors. The number of permanent magnets, the magnetic adjustment ring is fixed, and the large number of space magnetic fields generated by the multi-stage outer rotor are modulated in the inner air gap to contain the space harmonics with the same main harmonic order as the number of pole pairs of the inner stator, and the magnetic adjustment The ring plays the role of modulating the magnetic field of the inner and outer rotors. It can be seen from this that the magnetic gear has a double-layer air gap structure due to the existence of the magnetic adjustment ring, which makes the air gap magnetic field more complicated, resulting in a lower power density. The invention proposes a novel double-stator low-speed and high-torque vernier motor, which can effectively increase the magnetic field strength and power density of the motor while realizing low-speed and high-torque.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1.一种双定子永磁游标风力发电机，包括外定子(4)、内定子(8)以及转子(6)；所述外定子(4)、内定子(8)尺寸不同，且所述外定子(4)、内定子(8)同轴内外套接布置，而所述转子(6)设置于外定子(4)和内定子(8)之间，且外定子(4)、内定子(8)与转子(6)三者同心分布，其特征在于：1. a kind of twin-stator permanent magnet vernier wind generator, comprises outer stator (4), inner stator (8) and rotor (6); Described outer stator (4), inner stator (8) size is different, and described The outer stator (4) and the inner stator (8) are coaxially arranged on the inner and outer sleeves, and the rotor (6) is arranged between the outer stator (4) and the inner stator (8), and the outer stator (4), the inner stator (8) is distributed concentrically with the rotor (6), and is characterized in that: 所述外定子(4)呈圆筒形，且其内部沿周向开设有梨形槽，所述梨形槽槽中放置第一三相电枢绕组，相邻槽间为第一定子齿；The outer stator (4) is cylindrical, and its interior is provided with pear-shaped slots along the circumferential direction. The first three-phase armature winding is placed in the pear-shaped slots, and the first stator teeth are between adjacent slots. ; 所述内定子(8)为圆筒齿形结构，所述内定子(8)外部沿周向设置有一个以上的第二定子齿(9)，所述相邻的第二定子齿之间放置第二三相电枢绕组，每个第二定子齿(9)沿周向均设置一个以上的磁通调制极(10)，所述磁通调制极之间设置有磁通调制极槽(11)；The inner stator (8) has a cylindrical tooth structure, and more than one second stator teeth (9) are arranged on the outside of the inner stator (8) along the circumferential direction, and the adjacent second stator teeth are placed between For the second three-phase armature winding, each second stator tooth (9) is provided with more than one magnetic flux modulation pole (10) along the circumferential direction, and magnetic flux modulation pole slots (11) are arranged between the magnetic flux modulation poles; 所述转子(6)为杯状结构，所述转子(6)内外表面上设置有Halbach结构永磁体(7)，且内外表面上相对的永磁体(7)的充磁方向相同；The rotor (6) is a cup-shaped structure, and the inner and outer surfaces of the rotor (6) are provided with Halbach structure permanent magnets (7), and the magnetization directions of the relative permanent magnets (7) on the inner and outer surfaces are the same; 所述外定子(4)的第一定子齿的齿数与内定子(8)上磁通调制极齿(10)的个数总数相等；且所述外定子(4)的梨形槽和磁通调制极(10)正对分布设置，外定子(4)的第一定子齿与磁通调制极槽(11)正对分布设置；The number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) is equal to the total number of magnetic flux modulation pole teeth (10) on the inner stator (8); The flux modulation poles (10) are disposed in direct opposition, and the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) are disposed in direct opposition to the magnetic flux modulation pole slots (11); 还包括机壳(1)、转轴(2)，所述转轴(2)设置于机壳(1)内，而转轴(2)的作动端通过第一轴承与机壳(1)连接，且该作动端伸出机壳(1)外；所述外定子(4)固定于机壳(1)上，内定子(8)通过电机机座臂(12)固定于机壳(1)上；所述转轴(2)上设置有有凸起，所述杯状转子(6)一侧通过凸起与转轴(2)相连，另一侧通过轴承(3)固定于机座臂(12)上；It also includes a casing (1), a rotating shaft (2), the rotating shaft (2) is arranged in the casing (1), and the actuating end of the rotating shaft (2) is connected to the casing (1) through a first bearing, and The actuating end extends out of the casing (1); the outer stator (4) is fixed on the casing (1), and the inner stator (8) is fixed on the casing (1) through the motor base arm (12) ; The rotating shaft (2) is provided with a protrusion, one side of the cup-shaped rotor (6) is connected with the rotating shaft (2) through the protrusion, and the other side is fixed to the base arm (12) through the bearing (3) superior; 所述Halbach结构永磁体(7)通过表贴的方式设置于转子的内外表面；或者所述Halbach结构永磁体(7)通过内置的方式设置于转子上，且所述Halbach结构永磁体通过隔磁套封装于转子内；The Halbach structure permanent magnet (7) is arranged on the inner and outer surfaces of the rotor by means of surface attachment; or the Halbach structure permanent magnet (7) is arranged on the rotor by a built-in mode, and the Halbach structure permanent magnet is passed through a magnetic isolation The sleeve is sealed in the rotor; 外定子(4)的第一定子齿的齿数等于永磁体(7)极对数与外定子(4)的第一三相电枢绕组极对数之和，内定子(8)磁通调制极数等于永磁体7极对数与内定子(8)第二三相电枢绕组极对数之和，外定子(4)的第一定子齿的齿数与内定子(8)上磁通调制极数相等，内外定子第一、二三相电枢绕组反电势同频率；永磁体(7)极对数与外定子磁场极对数比即为电机传动比。The number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) is equal to the sum of the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnet (7) and the number of pole pairs of the first three-phase armature winding of the outer stator (4), and the magnetic flux modulation of the inner stator (8) The number of poles is equal to the sum of the 7 pole pairs of the permanent magnet and the number of pole pairs of the second three-phase armature winding of the inner stator (8), the number of teeth of the first stator teeth of the outer stator (4) and the magnetic flux on the inner stator (8) The number of modulation poles is equal, and the back EMFs of the first and second three-phase armature windings of the inner and outer stators have the same frequency; the ratio of the pole logarithm of the permanent magnet (7) to the pole logarithm of the magnetic field of the outer stator is the motor transmission ratio. 2.根据权利要求1所述的双定子永磁游标风力发电机，其特征在于：所述第一三相电枢绕组、第二三相电枢绕组均采用三相分数槽集中结构形式。2. The dual-stator permanent magnet vernier wind power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first three-phase armature winding and the second three-phase armature winding both adopt a three-phase fractional slot centralized structure. 3.根据权利要求2所述的双定子永磁游标风力发电机，其特征在于：所述第二定子齿(9)上磁通调制极(10)为平行齿梯形槽结构。3. The dual-stator permanent magnet vernier wind power generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the magnetic flux modulation poles (10) on the second stator teeth (9) have a parallel tooth trapezoidal slot structure. 4.根据权利要求3所述的双定子永磁游标风力发电机，其特征在于：所述每个第二定子齿(9)上的磁通调制极的个数为三个。4. The dual-stator permanent magnet vernier wind power generator according to claim 3, characterized in that: the number of magnetic flux modulation poles on each second stator tooth (9) is three. 5.根据权利要求4所述的双定子永磁游标风力发电机，其特征在于：所述外定子(4)上圆周上均匀分布有18个梨形槽；所述第二定子齿(9)的个数为6个。5. The dual-stator permanent magnet vernier wind power generator according to claim 4, characterized in that: 18 pear-shaped slots are evenly distributed on the upper circumference of the outer stator (4); the second stator teeth (9) The number is 6.
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