CN105157619A - System and method for detecting parallelism error between lathe rotating shaft and lathe tool rest guide rail - Google Patents

The invention relates to a system and a method for detecting parallelism error of a lathe rotating shaft and a lathe tool rest guide rail, wherein the system comprises a lathe, a multi-dimensional adjusting table, a lathe tool rest guide rail, a dead axle tool and a centering instrument; the fixed shaft tool is fixedly arranged on the lathe through a multidimensional adjusting table; the multidimensional adjusting platform drives the fixed shaft tool to translate and pitch; the centering instrument is arranged on the lathe tool rest guide rail and freely slides on the lathe tool rest guide rail; the centering instrument and the dead axle tool are positioned on the same light path. The invention provides a system and a method for detecting parallelism error between a lathe rotating shaft and a lathe tool rest guide rail, which are convenient to operate and reliable in detection result.

车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度误差检测系统及方法System and method for detecting parallelism error between lathe rotation axis and lathe tool holder guide rail

技术领域technical field

本发明属于光学检测领域，涉及一种平行度误差检测系统及检测方法，尤其涉及一种车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度误差检测系统及方法。The invention belongs to the field of optical detection, and relates to a parallelism error detection system and a detection method, in particular to a parallelism error detection system and method of a lathe rotating shaft and a lathe tool rest guide rail.

背景技术Background technique

随着航天、航空事业的不断发展，光学镜头的像质要求越来越高，因此对光学系统同轴度要求日益严格，高同轴度通常通过光学定心加工来保证。光学定心加工后透镜组的同轴精度由车床主轴的旋转精度以及透镜光学定中心精度决定，此外与车床刀架导轨相对车床旋转轴的平行度误差决定。如果刀架导轨相对于车床旋转轴线不平行，那么在车刀车削过程中就会引入一定的加工误差，使得车削端面与旋转轴的垂直度较差，或是车削外圆与旋转轴的同轴度较差，都会使得最终装配完成后的光学系统同轴度较差，无法实现优秀的成像质量，因此车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度作为定心车床的一项重要指标，必须经过严格的检测，检测合格后方可实现高精度光学定心加工。With the continuous development of aerospace and aviation, the image quality requirements of optical lenses are getting higher and higher, so the requirements for the coaxiality of the optical system are becoming increasingly strict, and high coaxiality is usually guaranteed by optical centering processing. The coaxial accuracy of the lens group after optical centering processing is determined by the rotation accuracy of the lathe spindle and the optical centering accuracy of the lens. In addition, it is determined by the parallelism error with the lathe tool holder guide rail relative to the lathe rotation axis. If the guide rail of the tool holder is not parallel to the rotation axis of the lathe, then a certain machining error will be introduced during the turning process of the turning tool, making the perpendicularity of the turning end surface and the rotation axis poor, or the coaxiality of the turning outer circle and the rotation axis Poor degree of accuracy will make the coaxiality of the optical system after the final assembly is poor, and excellent imaging quality cannot be achieved. Therefore, as an important index of the centering lathe, the parallelism between the lathe rotation axis and the lathe tool holder guide rail must be strictly controlled. High-precision optical centering processing can only be realized after passing the inspection.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了解决背景技术中存在的上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种便于操作以及检测结果可靠的车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度误差检测系统及方法。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems in the background technology, the present invention provides a system and method for detecting the parallelism error between the rotating shaft of the lathe and the guide rail of the tool post of the lathe, which is easy to operate and has reliable detection results.

本发明的技术解决方案是：本发明提供了一种车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度误差检测系统，其特殊之处在于：所述车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度误差检测系统包括车床、多维调整台、车床刀架导轨、定轴工装以及定心仪；所述定轴工装通过多维调整台固定设置在车床上；所述多维调整台带动定轴工装平移及俯仰；所述定心仪设置在车床刀架导轨上并在车床刀架导轨上自如滑动；所述定心仪与定轴工装处于同一光路上。The technical solution of the present invention is: the present invention provides a parallelism error detection system between the rotating shaft of the lathe and the guide rail of the tool rest of the lathe, which is special in that: the parallelism error detection system between the rotating shaft of the lathe and the guide rail of the tool rest Lathe, multi-dimensional adjustment table, lathe tool holder guide rail, fixed-axis tooling and centering instrument; the fixed-axis tooling is fixed on the lathe through the multi-dimensional adjustment table; the multi-dimensional adjustment table drives the fixed-axis tooling to translate and pitch; the centering device It is arranged on the guide rail of the tool rest of the lathe and slides freely on the guide rail of the tool rest of the lathe; the centering device and the fixed-axis tooling are on the same optical path.

上述定轴工装包括镜框以及镶嵌在镜框中的十字分划板。The above-mentioned fixed-axis tooling includes a picture frame and a cross reticle embedded in the picture frame.

上述定轴工装还包括镶嵌于镜框内部并用于压制十字分划板的压圈。The above-mentioned fixed-axis tooling also includes a pressure ring embedded in the mirror frame and used for pressing the cross reticle.

上述十字分划板包括两个相对设置的透光面；所述两个相对的透光面的平行度不低于0.02mm；所述十字分划板刻线中心与十字分划板外圆的同心度不低于0.01mm。The above-mentioned cross reticle includes two oppositely arranged light-transmitting surfaces; the parallelism of the two opposite light-transmitting surfaces is not less than 0.02mm; The concentricity is not less than 0.01mm.

上述定轴工装通过法兰盘固定设置在车床上。The above-mentioned fixed-axis tooling is fixedly arranged on the lathe through the flange.

一种基于如上所述的车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度误差检测系统的检测方法，其特殊之处在于：所述检测方法包括以下步骤：A detection method based on the above-mentioned parallelism error detection system between the rotation axis of the lathe and the guide rail of the tool holder of the lathe, which is special in that: the detection method includes the following steps:

1)将十字分划板以及压圈组装在定轴工装的镜框中，将定轴工装通过多维调整台固定在车床主轴上；将定心仪固定在车床刀架导轨上；所述定心仪可在车床刀架导轨上自如滑动；1) Assemble the cross reticle and the pressure ring in the frame of the fixed-axis tooling, and fix the fixed-axis tooling on the main shaft of the lathe through the multi-dimensional adjustment table; fix the centering device on the guide rail of the lathe tool holder; the centering device can be Sliding freely on the guide rail of the lathe tool post;

2)通过调整多维调整台带动定轴工装平移及俯仰，使十字分划板目标在定心仪中穿心且自准像在车床旋转时位置不变；2) By adjusting the multi-dimensional adjustment table to drive the translation and pitch of the fixed-axis tooling, the cross reticle target is passed through the centering instrument and the position of the self-collimation image remains unchanged when the lathe rotates;

3)在车床刀架导轨上移动定心仪，改变定心仪相对车床的位置，观察自准像在定心仪中的变化情况，通过调整定心仪的方位及俯仰使自准像在定心仪中的位置变化尽可能小；判断自准像是否存在变化量，若是，则自准像的变化量就是车床旋转轴与刀架导轨平行度误差引起的变化量，所述自准像的变化量大小的一半是车床旋转轴与刀架导轨平行度的误差值；若否，则车床旋转轴与刀架导轨平行度无误差。3) Move the centering device on the guide rail of the lathe tool post, change the position of the centering device relative to the lathe, observe the change of the self-collimation image in the centering device, and adjust the position and pitch of the centering device to make the position of the self-collimation image in the centering device The change is as small as possible; judge whether there is a change in the self-collimation image, if so, the change in the self-collimation image is the change caused by the parallelism error between the lathe rotation axis and the tool post guide rail, and the change in the self-collimation image is half of the size is the error value of the parallelism between the rotation axis of the lathe and the guide rail of the tool post; if not, there is no error in the parallelism between the rotation axis of the lathe and the guide rail of the tool post.

本发明的优点是：The advantages of the present invention are:

本发明基于光学自准直原理以及光学定心加工原理，通过设计定轴工装，将定轴工装与车床旋转轴重合，并且调整定心仪使得定心仪光轴与定轴工装光轴光轴重合，从而将车床旋转轴与定心仪光轴联系起来，通过定心仪在车床导轨上的滑动平移，监视十字分划板工装自准像在定心仪中的晃动量，则可实现车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度误差的监测。The present invention is based on the principle of optical self-collimation and the principle of optical centering processing. By designing the fixed-axis tooling, the fixed-axis tooling coincides with the rotation axis of the lathe, and the centering device is adjusted so that the optical axis of the centering device coincides with the optical axis of the fixed-axis tooling. In this way, the rotation axis of the lathe is connected with the optical axis of the centering instrument. Through the sliding translation of the centering instrument on the lathe guide rail, the shaking amount of the self-collimating image of the cross reticle tooling in the centering instrument can be monitored, and the rotation axis of the lathe and the lathe tool can be realized. Monitoring of parallelism errors of rack guide rails.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为平行度误差检测系统的原理示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the parallelism error detection system;

图2是本发明所采用的定轴工装的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the fixed axis tooling that the present invention adopts;

图3是本发明所采用的十字分划板的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the cross reticle adopted in the present invention;

图4是图3的侧视图；Fig. 4 is the side view of Fig. 3;

其中：in:

1-车床主轴；2-车床刀架导轨；3-多维调整台；4-定轴工装；41-镜框，42-压圈，43-十字分划板；5-定心仪。1- lathe spindle; 2- lathe tool post guide rail; 3- multi-dimensional adjustment table; 4- fixed axis tooling; 41- mirror frame, 42- pressure ring, 43- cross reticle; 5- centering device.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

本发明主要结合光学定心原理以及自准直原理进而提供了一种车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度误差检测系统及方法。The invention mainly combines the principle of optical centering and self-collimation to provide a system and method for detecting the parallelism error between the rotating shaft of the lathe and the guide rail of the tool rest of the lathe.

参见图1、图2、图3以及图4，本发明提供了一种车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度误差检测系统，包括车床、多维调整台3以及车床刀架导轨2，车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨平行度误差检测系统还包括定轴工装4以及定心仪5；定轴工装4通过多维调整台3固定设置在车床上；定心仪5设置在车床刀架导轨2上并在车床刀架导轨2上自如滑动；定心仪5与定轴工装4处于同一光路上。定轴工装4包括镜框41、镶嵌在镜框41中的十字分划板43以及镶嵌于镜框41内部并用于压制十字分划板43的压圈42。Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the present invention provides a system for detecting the parallelism error between the rotation axis of a lathe and the guide rail of a lathe tool holder, including a lathe, a multi-dimensional adjustment table 3, a guide rail 2 of a lathe tool holder, and a lathe rotation axis The parallelism error detection system with the tool rest guide rail of the lathe also includes a fixed-axis tooling 4 and a centering device 5; the fixed-axis tooling 4 is fixed on the lathe through the multi-dimensional adjustment table 3; the centering device 5 is arranged on the tool post guide rail 2 of the lathe The tool rest slides freely on the guide rail 2; the centering device 5 and the fixed axis tooling 4 are on the same optical path. The fixed axis tooling 4 includes a mirror frame 41 , a cross reticle 43 embedded in the mirror frame 41 , and a pressure ring 42 embedded in the mirror frame 41 and used to press the cross reticle 43 .

定轴工装4为一十字分划板43工装，定轴工装4示意图如图2所示，十字分划板43示意图如图3以及图4所示，十字分划板43以及压圈42安装在定轴工装4镜框41内。在图3以及图4中，A为端面基准，要求两个平面的平行度优于0.02mm，B为外圆基准，要求十字分划板43刻线中心与外圆的同心度优于0.01mm。The fixed axis tooling 4 is a cross reticle 43 tooling, the schematic diagram of the fixed axis tooling 4 is shown in Figure 2, the schematic diagram of the cross reticle 43 is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the cross reticle 43 and the pressure ring 42 are installed on Fixed axis frock 4 in the picture frame 41. In Figure 3 and Figure 4, A is the end face datum, requiring the parallelism of the two planes to be better than 0.02mm, and B is the outer circle datum, requiring the concentricity between the center of the reticle 43 and the outer circle to be better than 0.01mm .

本发明在检测车床旋转轴与车床刀架导轨2平行度的步骤如下：The steps of the present invention in detecting the parallelism of the lathe rotating shaft and the lathe tool rest guide rail 2 are as follows:

1、将定轴工装4通过法兰在车床主轴1上；1. Put the fixed axis tooling 4 on the lathe spindle 1 through the flange;

2、通过调整定轴工装4的平移及俯仰，使得十字分划板43目标在定心仪5中穿心且自准像在车床旋转时位置不变；2. By adjusting the translation and pitch of the fixed-axis tooling 4, the cross reticle 43 target is passed through the centering device 5 and the position of the self-collimation image remains unchanged when the lathe rotates;

3、前后移动定心仪5相对于车床的位置，观察自准像在定心仪5中的变化情况，此时自准像位置的变化量由两个原因引起，一是定心仪5光轴相对与车床导轨的偏移量，另一个是车床旋转轴与刀架导轨平行度误差。通过调整定心仪5的方位及俯仰使得自准像在定心仪5中的位置变化尽可能小。如果沿方位方向有偏移，调整定心仪5的左右方位，若高低方向有偏移，则调整定心仪5的俯仰方向。定心仪5调整完成后，此时自准像的变化量就是由于车床旋转轴与刀架导轨平行度误差引起的变化量，该偏移变化量大小的一半则为车床旋转轴与刀架导轨平行度误差值。3. Move the position of the centering device 5 relative to the lathe, and observe the change of the self-collimation image in the centering device 5. At this time, the change in the position of the self-collimation image is caused by two reasons. One is that the optical axis of the centering device 5 is relative to the The offset of the lathe guide rail, and the other is the parallelism error between the lathe rotation axis and the tool post guide rail. By adjusting the azimuth and elevation of the centering device 5, the position change of the autocollimation image in the centering device 5 is as small as possible. If there is an offset along the azimuth direction, adjust the left and right azimuth of the centering instrument 5, and if there is an offset in the high and low direction, then adjust the pitch direction of the centering instrument 5. After the adjustment of the centering instrument 5 is completed, the change of the self-collimation image at this time is the change caused by the parallelism error between the rotation axis of the lathe and the guide rail of the tool holder, and half of the offset change is the parallelism between the rotation axis of the lathe and the guide rail of the tool holder. degree error value.