CN105445818A - Automatic meteorological station data acquisition device checking system and checking method thereof - Google Patents

本发明公开了一种自动气象站数据采集器校验系统及其校验方法，其中校验系统包括气象信号模拟器和上位机，气象信号模拟器用于与自动气象站数据采集器相连、并为自动气象站数据采集器提供标准气象信号，上位机用于与自动气象站数据采集器相连、并从自动气象站数据采集器获取采集数据后根据测量结果进行数据校验，气象信号模拟器包括控制器，均与控制器相连的显示模块、输入键盘、CPLD模块、第一D/A转换器、第二D/A转换器、第三D/A转换器和开关电路，以及供电用电源。能高精度模拟输出各种气象要素信号，能适应传统型和新型自动气象站数据采集器的接口和协议，实现数据校验。

The invention discloses an automatic weather station data collector verification system and a verification method thereof, wherein the verification system includes a weather signal simulator and a host computer, and the weather signal simulator is used to connect with the automatic weather station data collector and is used for The automatic weather station data collector provides standard weather signals, and the upper computer is used to connect with the automatic weather station data collector, and after obtaining the collected data from the automatic weather station data collector, perform data verification according to the measurement results. The weather signal simulator includes control device, a display module, an input keyboard, a CPLD module, a first D/A converter, a second D/A converter, a third D/A converter, a switch circuit and a power supply connected to the controller. It can simulate and output various meteorological element signals with high precision, and can adapt to the interface and protocol of traditional and new automatic weather station data collectors to realize data verification.

自动气象站数据采集器校验系统及其校验方法Automatic Weather Station Data Collector Calibration System and Calibration Method

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种校验装置及方法，特别是涉及一种自动气象站数据采集器校验系统及其校验方法，属于气象仪器计量检定领域。 The invention relates to a calibration device and method, in particular to a calibration system and a calibration method for an automatic weather station data collector, and belongs to the field of metrological calibration of meteorological instruments.

背景技术 Background technique

自动气象站观测数据的质量直接关系到气候观测的准确性。各气象要素传感器的探测性能和数据采集器的采集处理性能是决定自动气象站观测数据质量的关键因素。自动气象站一般安装在露天的环境下，投入业务运行后，容易受到外界环境的影响，测量准确度会随时间变化而发生漂移。而自动气象站的核心是数据采集器，其主要由集成芯片和独立电子元器件组成，使用一段时间后，器件参数会发生变化导致输出的电信号发生漂移，直接影响数据采集器的测量精度。 The quality of automatic weather station observation data is directly related to the accuracy of climate observation. The detection performance of each meteorological element sensor and the collection and processing performance of the data collector are the key factors to determine the quality of the observation data of the automatic weather station. Automatic weather stations are generally installed in the open air. After they are put into operation, they are easily affected by the external environment, and the measurement accuracy will drift with time. The core of the automatic weather station is the data collector, which is mainly composed of integrated chips and independent electronic components. After a period of use, the device parameters will change and cause the output electrical signal to drift, which directly affects the measurement accuracy of the data collector.

随着我国气象观测技术现代化的发展，全国气象、水文、海洋、部队等已装备10万余套自动气象站，涉及到许多厂家和不同型号。对自动气象站的技术保障提出了越来越高的要求，相关部门已明确提出了自动气象站需要定期校验。但作为自动气象站核心的数据采集器的校验工作却因校验仪器的缺乏而不能常规化开展。 With the modernization of my country's meteorological observation technology, more than 100,000 sets of automatic weather stations have been equipped for meteorology, hydrology, oceanography, and military forces across the country, involving many manufacturers and different models. Higher and higher requirements have been put forward for the technical support of automatic weather stations, and relevant departments have clearly stated that automatic weather stations need to be checked regularly. However, the calibration work of the data collector, which is the core of the automatic weather station, cannot be routinely carried out due to the lack of calibration instruments.

自动气象站数据采集器的校验需要能输出电阻、脉冲、格雷码、电压、电流等电信号的标准信号源，输出电信号的范围、分辨率等必须和数据采集器匹配。电信号和气象量之间的函数关系需满足气象传感器的特性曲线。目前，已有一些科技公司研制出高精度的通用信号源，但输出信号类型和范围同自动气象站数据采集器仍不匹配；而且，国外的相关校验设备也基本不能用于我国自动气象站的校验。 The verification of the automatic weather station data collector requires a standard signal source that can output electrical signals such as resistance, pulse, gray code, voltage, and current. The range and resolution of the output electrical signal must match the data collector. The functional relationship between the electrical signal and the meteorological quantity needs to satisfy the characteristic curve of the meteorological sensor. At present, some technology companies have developed high-precision general-purpose signal sources, but the type and range of output signals still do not match the data collectors of automatic weather stations; moreover, foreign related calibration equipment can basically not be used in automatic weather stations in my country verification.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的主要目的在于，克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种自动气象站数据采集器校验系统及其校验方法，能高精度模拟输出各种气象要素信号，能适应传统型和新型自动气象站主采集器和分采集器的接口和协议，可将自动气象站数据采集器的测量值与校验系统的设定输出进行对比研究，实现对数据采集器的校验。 The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a calibration system and calibration method for automatic weather station data collectors, which can simulate and output various meteorological element signals with high precision, and can adapt to traditional and new models. The interface and protocol of the main collector and sub-collector of the automatic weather station can compare the measured value of the data collector of the automatic weather station with the set output of the calibration system, and realize the calibration of the data collector.

为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是： In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

一种自动气象站数据采集器校验系统，包括气象信号模拟器和上位机，所述气象信号模拟器用于与自动气象站数据采集器相连、并为自动气象站数据采集器提供标准气象信号，所述上位机用于与自动气象站数据采集器相连、并从自动气象站数据采集器获取采集数据后根据测量结果进行数据校验；所述标准气象信号包括温度信号、湿度信号、风速信号、风向信号、雨量信号、辐射信号、蒸发信号和气压信号。 A kind of verification system of automatic weather station data collector, comprises meteorological signal simulator and upper computer, described weather signal simulator is used for being connected with automatic weather station data collector, and provides standard weather signal for automatic weather station data collector, The upper computer is used to be connected with the automatic weather station data collector, and after obtaining the collected data from the automatic weather station data collector, carry out data verification according to the measurement results; the standard meteorological signal includes temperature signal, humidity signal, wind speed signal, Wind direction signal, rain signal, radiation signal, evaporation signal and air pressure signal.

其中，所述气象信号模拟器包括控制器，均与控制器相连的显示模块、输入键盘、CPLD模块、第一D/A转换器、第二D/A转换器、第三D/A转换器和开关电路，以及供电用电源；所述CPLD模块的输出端连接有气压信号输出接口、雨量信号输出接口、风速信号输出接口和风向信号输出接口，所述第一D/A转换器通过第一信号调理电路连接有湿度信号输出接口，所述第二D/A转换器通过第二信号调理电路连接有蒸发信号输出接口，所述第三D/A转换器通过第三信号调理电路连接有辐射信号输出接口，所述开关电路通过电阻网络电路连接有温度信号输出接口。 Wherein, the weather signal simulator includes a controller, a display module, an input keyboard, a CPLD module, a first D/A converter, a second D/A converter, and a third D/A converter that are all connected to the controller and switch circuit, and power supply for power supply; the output end of the CPLD module is connected with an air pressure signal output interface, a rainfall signal output interface, a wind speed signal output interface and a wind direction signal output interface, and the first D/A converter passes through the first The signal conditioning circuit is connected to a humidity signal output interface, the second D/A converter is connected to an evaporation signal output interface through the second signal conditioning circuit, and the third D/A converter is connected to a radiation A signal output interface, the switch circuit is connected to a temperature signal output interface through a resistor network circuit.

本发明进一步设置为：所述电阻网络电路的输出端通过电阻测量电路和控制器相连。 The present invention is further set as: the output end of the resistance network circuit is connected to the controller through a resistance measurement circuit.

本发明进一步设置为：所述控制器通过RS232串口电路连接有气压串口输出接口。 The present invention is further configured as: the controller is connected with an air pressure serial port output interface through an RS232 serial port circuit.

本发明进一步设置为：所述控制器采用MSP430系列单片机制作，所述显示模块为TFT显示屏。 The present invention is further set as: the controller is made by MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer, and the display module is a TFT display screen.

本发明进一步设置为：所述上位机通过与自动气象站数据采集器的RS232串口相连获取采集数据。 The present invention is further set as: the upper computer obtains the collected data by connecting with the RS232 serial port of the automatic weather station data collector.

本发明进一步设置为：所述电阻网络电路采用UPR型超精密金属膜电阻制作。 The present invention is further set as: the resistor network circuit is made of UPR type ultra-precision metal film resistors.

本发明进一步设置为：所述CPLD模块的输出端通过TTL电平转换电路将输出脉冲转换为提供给雨量信号输出接口和风速信号输出接口的脉冲信号。 The present invention is further set as: the output terminal of the CPLD module converts the output pulse into a pulse signal provided to the rainfall signal output interface and the wind speed signal output interface through a TTL level conversion circuit.

本发明进一步设置为：所述电源采用锂电池。 The present invention is further set as: the power supply adopts a lithium battery.

本发明进一步设置为：所述气压信号输出接口、雨量信号输出接口、风速信号输出接口、风向信号输出接口、湿度信号输出接口、蒸发信号输出接口、辐射信号输出接口和温度信号输出接口均设置为航空插口。 The present invention is further set as: the air pressure signal output interface, rainfall signal output interface, wind speed signal output interface, wind direction signal output interface, humidity signal output interface, evaporation signal output interface, radiation signal output interface and temperature signal output interface are all set as Aviation socket.

本发明还提供自动气象站数据采集器校验系统的校验方法，包括以下步骤： The present invention also provides the verification method of automatic weather station data collector verification system, comprises the following steps:

1）在上位机中建立自动气象站数据采集器的数学模型； 1) Establish the mathematical model of the automatic weather station data collector in the host computer;

2）引入不确定度的影响量，根据影响量的特性进行分类评估，计算出合成标准不确定度； 2) Introduce the influence quantity of uncertainty, classify and evaluate according to the characteristics of the influence quantity, and calculate the composite standard uncertainty;

3）通过选取置信概率，得到相应的扩展不确定度，并给出自动气象站数据采集器各通道采集的测量结果； 3) By selecting the confidence probability, the corresponding expanded uncertainty is obtained, and the measurement results collected by each channel of the automatic weather station data collector are given;

4）根据测量结果对自动气象站数据采集器各通道的校准数据进行数据校验。 4) Perform data verification on the calibration data of each channel of the automatic weather station data collector according to the measurement results.

与现有技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果是： Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:

1、能高精度模拟输出各种气象要素信号，能适应传统型和新型自动气象站主采集器和分采集器的接口和协议，可将自动气象站数据采集器的测量值与校验系统的设定输出进行对比研究，实现对数据采集器的校验。 1. It can simulate and output various meteorological element signals with high precision, and can adapt to the interface and protocol of the main collector and sub-collector of the traditional and new automatic weather station, and can compare the measured value of the data collector of the automatic weather station with the calibration system Set the output for comparative study to realize the verification of the data collector.

2、可弥补国内自动气象站校验技术的空白，为我国气象预报业务应用的自动气象站数据采集器的校验提供了技术手段，使自动气象站数据采集器定期检定工作得到常规业务化开展。 2. It can make up for the gap in domestic automatic weather station calibration technology, and provide technical means for the calibration of automatic weather station data collectors used in my country's weather forecast business, so that the regular verification work of automatic weather station data collectors can be carried out in a routine business .

3、可实现野外现场对自动气象站数据采集器的校验，提高自动气象站的维护效率。多种信号输出形式配合完善的上位机，使得系统普适性强，可应用于多个厂家不同型号的自动气象站数据采集器的校验。 3. It can realize the verification of the data collector of the automatic weather station in the field, and improve the maintenance efficiency of the automatic weather station. A variety of signal output forms combined with a complete host computer make the system universal and can be applied to the calibration of automatic weather station data collectors of different models from multiple manufacturers.

上述内容仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了更清楚的了解本发明的技术手段，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述。 The above content is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本发明自动气象站数据采集器校验系统的结构示意图； Fig. 1 is the structural representation of automatic weather station data acquisition device verification system of the present invention;

图2为本发明自动气象站数据采集器校验系统中气象信号模拟器的结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the weather signal simulator in the verification system of the automatic weather station data collector of the present invention.

具体实施方式 detailed description

下面结合说明书附图，对本发明作进一步的说明。 Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of description, the present invention will be further described.

如图1所示，一种自动气象站数据采集器校验系统，包括气象信号模拟器和上位机，所述气象信号模拟器用于与自动气象站数据采集器相连、并为自动气象站数据采集器提供标准气象信号，所述上位机用于与自动气象站数据采集器的RS232串口相连、并从自动气象站数据采集器获取采集数据后根据测量结果进行数据校验；所述标准气象信号包括温度信号、湿度信号、风速信号、风向信号、雨量信号、辐射信号、蒸发信号和气压信号。 As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of automatic weather station data collector verification system comprises weather signal simulator and host computer, and described weather signal simulator is used for being connected with automatic weather station data collector, and is automatic weather station data acquisition The device provides a standard weather signal, and the host computer is used to connect with the RS232 serial port of the automatic weather station data collector, and after obtaining the collected data from the automatic weather station data collector, carry out data verification according to the measurement results; the standard weather signal includes Temperature signal, humidity signal, wind speed signal, wind direction signal, rainfall signal, radiation signal, evaporation signal and air pressure signal.

如图2所示，所述气象信号模拟器包括控制器，均与控制器相连的显示模块TFT显示屏、输入键盘、CPLD模块、第一D/A转换器、第二D/A转换器、第三D/A转换器和开关电路，以及供电用电源；优选为，所述电源采用锂电池，所述显示模块为TFT显示屏。 As shown in Figure 2, described meteorological signal simulator comprises controller, the display module TFT display screen that all links to each other with controller, input keyboard, CPLD module, the first D/A converter, the second D/A converter, A third D/A converter, a switch circuit, and a power supply for power supply; preferably, the power supply uses a lithium battery, and the display module is a TFT display.

所述CPLD模块的输出端连接有气压信号输出接口、雨量信号输出接口、风速信号输出接口和风向信号输出接口，所述第一D/A转换器通过第一信号调理电路连接有湿度信号输出接口，所述第二D/A转换器通过第二信号调理电路连接有蒸发信号输出接口，所述第三D/A转换器通过第三信号调理电路连接有辐射信号输出接口，所述开关电路通过电阻网络电路连接有温度信号输出接口，所述控制器通过RS232串口电路连接有气压串口输出接口。 The output end of the CPLD module is connected with an air pressure signal output interface, a rainfall signal output interface, a wind speed signal output interface and a wind direction signal output interface, and the first D/A converter is connected with a humidity signal output interface through a first signal conditioning circuit , the second D/A converter is connected to an evaporation signal output interface through a second signal conditioning circuit, the third D/A converter is connected to a radiation signal output interface through a third signal conditioning circuit, and the switch circuit is connected to a radiation signal output interface through a third signal conditioning circuit. The resistance network circuit is connected with a temperature signal output interface, and the controller is connected with an air pressure serial port output interface through an RS232 serial port circuit.

其中，电阻网络电路的输出端通过电阻测量电路和控制器相连，电阻网络电路采用UPR型超精密金属膜电阻制作。 Wherein, the output terminal of the resistance network circuit is connected with the controller through the resistance measurement circuit, and the resistance network circuit is made of UPR type ultra-precision metal film resistance.

本发明的校验系统本着方便气象计量人员使用为设计原则。采用锂电池供电方式，便于野外现场检定；引入低功耗处理器，以延长系统待机时间，可采用以低功耗著称的MSP430系列单片机作为控制器。辅以CPLD模块扩展其IO口，以及应用CPLD模块完成数字气象量的产生、显示屏的驱动任务。 The calibration system of the present invention is based on the design principle of being convenient for meteorological measurement personnel to use. The lithium battery is used as the power supply, which is convenient for field verification; the low-power processor is introduced to prolong the standby time of the system, and the MSP430 series single-chip microcomputer known for its low power consumption can be used as the controller. The CPLD module is supplemented to expand its IO port, and the CPLD module is used to complete the generation of digital meteorological quantities and the driving tasks of the display screen.

本发明可采用低温漂器件和总线光电隔离、电源隔离、温度补偿等技术，实现气象信号互不串扰；并结合CPLD模块在数字信号和模数混合器件在微弱信号产生上的优势，实现用不同种类电信号模拟同一气象量；可采用保护电路和航空插头类型的输出接口，减小接入数据采集器时的接触电阻；从而，实现从硬件电路、补偿和工艺结构上确保本校验系统的高精度和适用性。 The present invention can adopt technologies such as low-temperature drift device and bus photoelectric isolation, power isolation, temperature compensation, etc., to realize that meteorological signals do not interfere with each other; The same meteorological quantity can be simulated by electrical signals of different types; the output interface of protection circuit and aviation plug type can be used to reduce the contact resistance when connected to the data collector; thus, the verification system can be guaranteed from the hardware circuit, compensation and process structure. High precision and applicability.

具体地，温度输出可选用UPR型超精密金属膜电阻模拟，精度为±0.01%，温度系数为±2PPM/℃，额定功率1/4W。为了克服存在的有源电阻网络和数据采集器电流不匹配的问题，同时，可引入四线制高精度电阻测量电路，消除电阻切换输出时继电器的接触电阻。 Specifically, the temperature output can be simulated by UPR ultra-precision metal film resistors, with an accuracy of ±0.01%, a temperature coefficient of ±2PPM/°C, and a rated power of 1/4W. In order to overcome the current mismatch between the active resistance network and the data collector, at the same time, a four-wire high-precision resistance measurement circuit can be introduced to eliminate the contact resistance of the relay when the resistance switches the output.

湿度模拟可采用高精度、低温漂的D/A转换和运放调理电路输出0-1V电压实现。 Humidity simulation can be achieved by using high-precision, low-temperature drift D/A conversion and operational amplifier conditioning circuit to output 0-1V voltage.

风速和雨量均为脉冲信号，可利用CPLD模块输出脉冲经TTL电平转换电路后实现。 Both wind speed and rainfall are pulse signals, which can be realized after the output pulse of CPLD module passes through TTL level conversion circuit.

蒸发输出可利用高精度D/A转换得到电压控制电流环实现。 Evaporation output can be realized by using high-precision D/A conversion to obtain voltage control current loop.

风向输出有格雷码和电压（0-2.5）两种信号形式，可分别利用CPLD模块和高精度电压产生电路实现。 The wind direction output has two signal forms of gray code and voltage (0-2.5), which can be realized by using CPLD module and high-precision voltage generating circuit respectively.

气压有电压、串口、脉冲三种形式，电压形式可通过D/A和信号调理、串口形式可利用430单片机内部硬件模块、脉冲形式可利用CPLD模块实现。 Air pressure has three forms: voltage, serial port, and pulse. The voltage form can be adjusted by D/A and signal, the serial form can use the internal hardware module of 430 single-chip microcomputer, and the pulse form can be realized by CPLD module.

辐射输出为误差±20uV的电压信号，通过电源隔离、总线隔离后利用16位的D/A转换和信号调理实现，并可采用四层板、屏蔽罩减小电磁干扰。 The radiation output is a voltage signal with an error of ±20uV, which is realized by 16-bit D/A conversion and signal conditioning after power isolation and bus isolation, and four-layer boards and shielding covers can be used to reduce electromagnetic interference.

本发明的校验系统除在选用低温漂和高精度的芯片外，还可通过系统内置测温电路，对模拟信号进行自动温度补偿，而用户可凭借高精度万用电表直接进行手动零满度线性校准。 In addition to selecting low-temperature drift and high-precision chips, the calibration system of the present invention can also perform automatic temperature compensation on analog signals through the built-in temperature measurement circuit in the system, and users can directly perform manual zero-full degree linearity calibration.

本发明还提供自动气象站数据采集器校验系统的校验方法，包括以下步骤： The present invention also provides the verification method of automatic weather station data collector verification system, comprises the following steps:

1）在上位机中建立自动气象站数据采集器的数学模型； 1) Establish the mathematical model of the automatic weather station data collector in the host computer;

2）引入不确定度的影响量，根据影响量的特性进行分类评估，计算出合成标准不确定度； 2) Introduce the influence quantity of uncertainty, classify and evaluate according to the characteristics of the influence quantity, and calculate the composite standard uncertainty;

3）通过选取置信概率，得到相应的扩展不确定度，并给出自动气象站数据采集器各通道采集的测量结果； 3) By selecting the confidence probability, the corresponding expanded uncertainty is obtained, and the measurement results collected by each channel of the automatic weather station data collector are given;

4）根据测量结果对自动气象站数据采集器各通道的校准数据进行数据校验。 4) Perform data verification on the calibration data of each channel of the automatic weather station data collector according to the measurement results.

以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何的简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。 The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this field Those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, may use the technical content disclosed above to make some changes or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. Technical Essence of the Invention Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments still fall within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.