CN106187475B - A kind of crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition and the preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

The present invention relates to fertilizer field, a kind of crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition is provided, be total nutrient content is 500-700g/L, soluble solid content is lower than 50g/L, pH value 3.0-9.0；The total nutrient content 500-700g/L, wherein the concentration of N is 150-165g/L, P₂O₅Concentration be 300-310g/L, K₂The concentration of O is 50-60g/L, and the sum of concentration of Mn, B, Zn three is 18-25g/L.Under the conditions of soil phosphorus is lower, rhizosphere applies composition of the invention by establishing absorption of the higher soil phosphorus feed consistency come quick start to phosphorus to crop seedling rhizosphere；Under conditions of soil phosphorus accumulation, phosphate fertilizer supply is only carried out to rhizosphere by pouring root, to reduce Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates, alleviates the degree of soil phosphorus accumulation, remarkably promotes seedling stage crop root growth, reduce seedling stage Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates.

A kind of crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition and the preparation method and application thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to fertilizer fields, start liquid composition and its preparation more particularly to a kind of crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient Method and application.

Background technique

Excessively investment causes soil phosphorus accumulation universal for northern China grain, fruit and vegetables crop phosphate fertilizer, to farmland soil Earth environmental pollution has potential risk.Studies have shown that the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of northern China facilities vegetable is less than 5%, and phosphate fertilizer is Can not regenerated resources, it is estimated that the existing phosphate rock resource in the whole world is only capable of maintaining 20 years.Phosphorus nutrients utilization efficiency and phosphate fertilizer variety, Application technique method is related.Phosphorus extremely easily fixes after applying in northern calacareous soil, and validity substantially reduces.Soil phosphorus Under conditions of contents level is low, the nutrient availability of water soluble phosphorous fertilizer is high, is formed between rhizosphere and root system quickly after rhizosphere application Soil phophorus concentration gradient is conducive to phosphorus by diffusive migration to root system surface, improves root system to the chemical availability of P acquisition. Under soil phosphorus accumulation condition, since crops seedling stage root system development is weak, the phosphorus library of soil abundance is not only needed, it is also necessary to soil phophorus Element supply reaches certain intensity.Therefore, rhizosphere locally apply phosphorus or rhizosphere trickle irrigation water soluble phosphorous fertilizer be phosphate fertilizer subtract apply, essence quantization apply Important channel.

Studies have shown that Maize at Seedling Stage row replacement lateral root number increases by 14.27%, overground part P uptake by plants compared with phosphate fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields Increase by 19.78% (Liu Peng etc., 2012).Liquid phosphate fertilizer is imposed with water can significantly improve phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency.In calacareous soil Upper gradation applies phosphate fertilizer with water droplet, can substantially reduce the fixation of phosphorus in the soil, improve the mobility of phosphorus, validity (Chu Gui is new etc., 2009).Liquid phosphate fertilizer 100% is applied with water droplet in a manner of top dressing and can significantly improve the phosphorus nourishing of maize growth middle and later periods and mention High yield improves calacareous soil corn to the absorption and use efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency up to 40.6% (Zhang Guoqiao etc., 2014).Therefore, rhizosphere application high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid had not only reduced the fixation of phosphate fertilizer in the soil, but also improved rhizosphere surrounding soil The concentration of phosphorus improves phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency.

Seedling stage is the critical period of nutrition of crop P acquisition, at this point, root system is little to the uptake of phosphorus, but is showed scarce phosphorus It is sensitive.Especially the development of seedling stage crop root is weak, soil phosphorus concentration is low is easy to cause wheat seeding to lack phosphorus, influences root system and children Seedling growth.The low soil moisture is also the low major reason of availability of soil phosphorus, in the low temperature seasons such as early spring or late autumn, and soil Under the conditions of earth humidity is higher, the ability that soil mineralization discharges phosphorus is reduced, and nutrient availability is significantly reduced.Therefore, if root Border or trickle irrigation or the high phosphorus concentration water soluble fertilizer of pouring root between crop root can quickly establish suitable soil phophorus in crop rhizosphere Plain concentration, and the soil phosphorus concentration gradient of Rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere is formed, to stimulate root growth and development, increase root system to phosphorus Absorption rate and uptake, improve the chemical availability and biological effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer, improve phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, especially making Object seedling stage and low temperature season, rhizosphere, which applies high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid, has bigger dive in promotion root growth and in terms of improving yield Power.

Ammonium polyphosphate (Ammonium Polyphosghate, APP) is that similar a kind of chemical composition, structure and property have one Surely the inorganic polymer distinguished, white powder, hygroscopicity is strong, nitrogenous, 2 kinds of elements of phosphorus.It is short chain between degree of polymerization 3-20 APP, good water solubility, the ammonium polyphosphate solubility that wherein degree of polymerization is 11 are 3.62g/100ml water, the polyphosphoric acid that the degree of polymerization is 20 Ammonium solubility is 3.52g/100ml (Cui Yishun, 2013).The ammonium polyphosphate of low polymerization degree 18-46-0 can be made 10-34-0's Liquid ammonium polyphosphate is a kind of high concentration fertilizer with slow and chelation with low polymerization degree water-soluble poly ammonium phosphate. Venugopalan etc. (1989) passes through comparison coarse whiting (TSP), Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (DAP), nitrophosphate fertilizer (NP), solid ammonium polyphosphate With the wheat manure trial of the fertilizer such as liquid ammonium polyphosphate, the results showed that, it is higher than phosphorus using the wheat yield of solid ammonium polyphosphate Sour diammonium and nitrophosphate fertilizer.Holloway etc. (2005) has found that liquid ammonium polyphosphate is due to other in fertilizer test Grain solid fertilizer, First Year applies the former makes cereal increase production 14% than the latter, and second year, which remains fertilizer efficiency, increases production cereal than the latter 15%.Kovar (2006) is the study found that impose on the ammonium polyphosphate liquid fertilizer of soil surface, and available phosphorus is to soil mobility depth Up to 15cm.Ammonium polyphosphate has certain sequestering power to metal ion, can add microelement and improve crop fertilizer efficiency.Polyphosphoric acid Ammonium not only contains orthophosphoric acid root, can also directly absorb benefit by crop containing dimerization, trimerization, four phosphate radicals, the orthophosphoric acid roots such as poly- With the phosphate radicals such as dimerization after slowly resolving into orthophosphoric acid root in the soil by being absorbed and used by plants.

Poly-aspartate zinc is a kind of water-soluble high-molecular substance of artificial bionic synthesis, is had without phosphorus, nontoxic, nuisanceless It is a kind of internationally recognized " green chemical " with the characteristic of fully biodegradable.Poly-aspartate zinc because containing peptide bond and The design feature of carboxyl isoreactivity group has the effects that extremely strong chelating, dispersion, absorption, and compatibility is splendid.It is widely applied In fertilizer synergist.Studies have shown that corn dry matter, npk nutrient uptake can be improved in poly-aspartate zinc, on corn The additive amount of Liquid Fertilizer is 1% preferable.Under the conditions of controlling basin cultivation, poly-aspartate zinc is imposed in corn tri-leaf period.Research knot Fruit shows: under drought condition, application poly-aspartate zinc can be effectively facilitated the growth of maize seedling roots, increase photosynthetic speed Rate promotes dry matter weight of aerial parts accumulation, wherein PASP processing makes seedling root long increase separately 8.3%, side compared with Osmotic treatment Radical mesh increases by 14.8%, and photosynthetic rate increases by 1.4%, and total dry weight increases by 12.2%.But due to soil types, quality and work The difference of object nutrient demand amount, dosage difference of the poly-aspartate zinc as fertilizer synergist.Therefore, it is opened in high phosphorus nutrient Poly-aspartate zinc and rhizosphere application are added in hydrodynamic, can be given full play to the double action of its fertilizer synergistic and promoting root growth, be improved fertilizer The absorption and use efficiency of material.

Through inquiring, a kind of preparation method of the high molten fertilizer of phosphorous liquid water and this fertilizer verify (grandson in the fertilizer efficiency of Wheat Seedling Loyal roc etc., 2014), using potassium nitrate, urea phosphate, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, normal pressure, close to room temperature under conditions of produce (heating 60 DEG C), and add zinc, boron microelement is prepared for high phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer, and verification the verifying results on wheat seedling.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid compositions and the preparation method and application thereof.

A kind of crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition provided by the invention, total nutrient content 500-700g/L, Soluble solid content is lower than 50g/L, pH value 3.0-9.0；The total nutrient content 500-700g/L, wherein the concentration of N be 150-165g/L, P₂O₅Concentration be 300-310g/L, K₂The concentration of O is 50-60g/L, and the sum of the concentration of Mn, B, Zn three are 18-25g/L。

The crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starts liquid composition, contains urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN solution) in every 1000L 110-130L, ammonium polyphosphate solution 640-660L, potassium nitrate 110-130kg, boric acid 25-30kg, manganese sulfate monohydrate 10-15kg, White vitriol 50-70kg, poly-aspartate zinc 15-20kg, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 20-25kg, surplus is water.

The crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starts liquid composition, in preferably every 1000L containing urea ammonium nitrate solution 120L, Ammonium polyphosphate solution 640L, potassium nitrate 110kg, boric acid 25kg, manganese sulfate monohydrate 10kg, white vitriol 60kg, poly- asparagus fern ammonia Sour zinc 20kg, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 20kg, surplus are water.

Wherein, the ammonium polyphosphate solution obtains to be dissolved in the ammonium polyphosphate of 576 mass parts in the water of 424 mass parts It arrives.

The poly-aspartate zinc is solid powder, molecular weight 5000-8000.

The crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition also contains citric acid or sodium citrate.

The present invention also provides a kind of methods for preparing the crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition, and specific steps are such as Under:

1) ammonium polyphosphate solution is prepared；

2) UAN solution and ammonium polyphosphate solution are mixed to get solution A 1 in proportion, are added after A1 is heated to 50-70 DEG C Potassium nitrate, sufficiently dissolution obtain solution B 1；

3) boric acid, manganese sulfate monohydrate, white vitriol are dissolved into solution B 1 one by one, with citric acid or sodium citrate tune PH value is 4.5-5.5, obtains solution C 1；

4) poly-aspartate zinc is completely dissolved in solution C 1, obtains solution D 1；

5) disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate is added in solution D 1, with water constant volume, mixing is sufficiently stirred, obtains crops seedling stage height Phosphorus nutrient starts liquid composition.

The present invention also provides the method that another kind prepares the crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition, specific steps It is as follows:

1) ammonium polyphosphate solution is prepared；

2) potassium nitrate of 60-75% is dissolved into ammonium polyphosphate solution in proportion, obtains solution A 2；

3) boric acid, manganese sulfate monohydrate, white vitriol are dissolved into solution A 2 one by one, with citric acid or sodium citrate tune PH value is 4.5-5.5, obtains solution B 2；

4) UAN solution is added in solution B 2, is stirring evenly and then adding into remaining potassium nitrate, obtains solution after stirring and dissolving C2；

5) poly-aspartate zinc is completely dissolved in solution C 2, obtains solution D 2；

6) disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate is added in solution D 2, with water constant volume, mixing is sufficiently stirred, obtains crops seedling stage height Phosphorus nutrient starts liquid composition.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid compositions in crop-planting field Application.

The application specifically refer to crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition apply fertilizer in seedling stage on application.

The invention has the following advantages that

1, use ammonium polyphosphate for phosphorus source, phosphorous height, and with nutrient slowly-released and chelated metal ions ability.

2, fertilizer synergist poly-aspartate zinc is added, nutrient uptake and utilization effect can be improved, there is chelating to anion Effect.

3 under the conditions of soil phosphorus is lower, and rhizosphere applies composition of the invention by establishing to crop seedling rhizosphere Higher soil phosphorus feed consistency carrys out absorption of the quick start to phosphorus；Under conditions of soil phosphorus accumulation, by pouring root or Trickle irrigation only carries out phosphate fertilizer supply to rhizosphere, to reduce Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates, alleviates the degree of soil phosphorus accumulation, remarkably promotes seedling stage Crop root growth improves crop yield.

Specific embodiment

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..Side used in following embodiments Method is conventional method unless otherwise instructed.

Embodiment 1

A kind of preparation method of crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition, the specific steps are as follows:

1) it prepares ammonium polyphosphate solution: pulvis ammonium polyphosphate 576kg being added in 424kg water, stirring and dissolving obtains nitrogen phosphorus Potassium content is the ammonium polyphosphate solution of 10-34-0；

2) the UAN solution of 120L (commercially available, to be 422g/L containing N, similarly hereinafter) and the ammonium polyphosphate solution of 640L are uniformly mixed Solution A 1 is obtained, 110kg potassium nitrate is added after solution A 1 is heated to 50-70 DEG C, stirring and dissolving obtains solution B 1；

3) by 25kg boric acid, 10kg manganese sulfate monohydrate, 60kg white vitriol, (a kind of trace element fertilizer one by one under stirring Material adds another kind after completely dissolution) it is added in solution B 1 and sufficiently dissolves, it is 5.0 with citric acid or sodium citrate tune pH value, Obtain solution C 1；

4) 20kg poly-aspartate zinc is completely dissolved in solution C 1, obtains solution D 1；

5) 20kg disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate is added in solution D 1, with water constant volume to 1000L, mixing is sufficiently stirred, obtains Start liquid composition to crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient.

Embodiment 2

A kind of preparation method of crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition, the specific steps are as follows:

1) it prepares ammonium polyphosphate solution: pulvis ammonium polyphosphate 576kg being added in 424kg water, stirring and dissolving obtains nitrogen phosphorus Potassium content is the ammonium polyphosphate solution of 10-34-0；

2) 75kg potassium nitrate is added to 640L ammonium polyphosphate solution, stirring and dissolving obtains solution A 2；

3) by 25kg boric acid, 10kg manganese sulfate monohydrate, 60kg white vitriol, (a kind of trace element fertilizer one by one under stirring Material adds another kind after completely dissolution) it is added in solution A 2 and sufficiently dissolves, it is 5.0 with citric acid or sodium citrate tune pH value, Obtain solution B 2；

4) the UAN solution of 120L is added in solution B 2, is stirring evenly and then adding into 35kg potassium nitrate, is obtained after stirring and dissolving Solution C 2

5) 20kg poly-aspartate zinc is completely dissolved in solution C 2, obtains solution D 2；

6) 20kg disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate is added in solution D 2, with water constant volume to 1000L, mixing is sufficiently stirred, obtains Start liquid composition to crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient.

Embodiment 3

A kind of preparation method of crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition, the specific steps are as follows:

1) it prepares ammonium polyphosphate solution: pulvis ammonium polyphosphate 576kg being added in 424kg water, stirring and dissolving is obtained N-P-K content is the ammonium polyphosphate solution of 10-34-0；

2) the ammonium polyphosphate solution of the UAN solution of 110L and 650L are uniformly mixed and obtain solution A 1, solution A 1 is heated 120kg potassium nitrate is added after to 50-70 DEG C, stirring and dissolving obtains solution B 1；

3) by 30kg boric acid, 10kg manganese sulfate monohydrate, 50kg white vitriol, (a kind of trace element fertilizer one by one under stirring Material adds another kind after completely dissolution) it is added in solution B 1 and sufficiently dissolves, it is 4.5 with citric acid or sodium citrate tune pH value, Obtain solution C 1；

4) 20kg poly-aspartate zinc is completely dissolved in solution C 1, obtains solution D 1；

5) 25kg disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate is added in solution D 1, with water constant volume to 1000L, mixing is sufficiently stirred, obtains Start liquid composition to crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient.

Embodiment 4

A kind of preparation method of crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition, the specific steps are as follows:

1) it prepares ammonium polyphosphate solution: pulvis ammonium polyphosphate 576kg being added in 424kg water, stirring and dissolving is obtained N-P-K content is the ammonium polyphosphate solution of 10-34-0；

2) the ammonium polyphosphate solution of the UAN solution of 120L and 650L are uniformly mixed and obtain solution A 1, solution A 1 is heated 120kg potassium nitrate is added after to 50-70 DEG C, stirring and dissolving obtains solution B 1；

3) by 30kg boric acid, 15kg manganese sulfate monohydrate, 70kg white vitriol, (a kind of trace element fertilizer one by one under stirring Material adds another kind after completely dissolution) it is added in solution B 1 and sufficiently dissolves, it is 5.5 with citric acid or sodium citrate tune pH value, Obtain solution C 1；

4) 20kg poly-aspartate zinc is completely dissolved in solution C 1, obtains solution D 1；

5) 25kg disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate is added in solution D 1, with water constant volume to 1000L, mixing is sufficiently stirred, obtains Start liquid composition to crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient.

Effect test

Crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid of the invention has been subjected to field trial on winter-spring season Tomato in Greenhouse, As a result it is expressed as follows:

6 processing are set in winter-spring season heliogreenhouse, and 3 repetitions are colonized and are colonized to tomato seedling with embodiment 1-4 20 days difference rhizospheres (apart from seedling main root 5-10cm) pouring root 2 times afterwards, the clear water pouring root of space management equivalent twice, use by control The ammonium polyphosphate solution pouring root of equivalent is twice.The crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid composition dosage of each pouring root is 20L/ Mu, 300 times of extension rate when pouring root.In addition to seedling stage pouring root, each processing is in the 1st, 2,3,4 fringe fruit expanding period of tomato with routine Drip irrigation imposes nitrogen potash fertilizer, amounts to top dressing 4 times, each top dressing nitrogen 50kg/hm², potassium 75kg/hm²。

The root growth index and yield of 1 tomato different disposal of table

Note: significant (α=0.05) with lowercase letter indication differences different after column data in table

Experimental result is shown in Table 1, compared with blank, using crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid compositions-treated tomato seedling Total root long increases 43.87%-46.35%, root surface area increases 36.98%-39.67%, root system volume increases 32.04%- 33.81%, yield increases 17.97%-23.05%, illustrates using energy after crops seedling stage high phosphorus nutrient starting liquid compositions-treated Tomato Root System growth indexes are obviously increased, and effect of increasing production is obvious；Compared with control treatment, the tomato of embodiment 1-4 processing Total root long of seedling increases 8.15%-10.01%, root surface area increases 8.63%-10.76%, root system volume increases 6.97%- 8.41%, yield increases 6.71%-11.31%, shows that poly- phosphorus is relatively used alone after adding microelement and poly-aspartate zinc Acid ammonium solution, can increase tomato seedling root growth index, and effect of increasing production is also named obviously.It is the Product Process step of embodiment 1, each A parameter index and field test effect have reached preferable effect of the invention.

Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause This, these modifications or improvements, fall within the scope of the claimed invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.