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CN107332462B - The self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy that can track maximum power point extracts circuit - Google Patents

  • ️Fri Mar 29 2019
The self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy that can track maximum power point extracts circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107332462B
CN107332462B CN201710612813.XA CN201710612813A CN107332462B CN 107332462 B CN107332462 B CN 107332462B CN 201710612813 A CN201710612813 A CN 201710612813A CN 107332462 B CN107332462 B CN 107332462B Authority
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China
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capacitor
diode
resistor
cathode
circuit
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2017-07-25
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CN107332462A (en
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黄以华
黄文津
曾泽丰
王焕宇
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Sun Yat Sen University
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2017-07-25
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2019-03-29
2017-07-25 Application filed by Sun Yat Sen University filed Critical Sun Yat Sen University
2017-07-25 Priority to CN201710612813.XA priority Critical patent/CN107332462B/en
2017-11-07 Publication of CN107332462A publication Critical patent/CN107332462A/en
2019-03-29 Application granted granted Critical
2019-03-29 Publication of CN107332462B publication Critical patent/CN107332462B/en
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2037-07-25 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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  • 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 title description 4
  • 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
  • 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 59
  • 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 19
  • 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
  • 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
  • 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
  • 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
  • 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
  • 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
  • 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
  • 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
  • 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
  • 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
  • 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
  • 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
  • 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
  • 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
  • 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
  • 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
  • 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
  • 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
  • 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
  • 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
  • 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
  • 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
  • 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
  • 238000001566 impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
  • 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
  • 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
  • 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
  • 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
  • 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
  • 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
  • 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/181—Circuits; Control arrangements or methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供的自供电的能够跟踪最大功率点的压电振动能量提取电路的电路控制模块由分立式模拟电路器件构成，使用两个三极管来充当比较器和开关的角色，能够成功地捕获最大功率点并完成压电能量的收集，而且无需借助可编程控制器等额外器件。因此，该新型电路具备低功耗，阻抗独立，自启动，无需电池等优点。

The circuit control module of the self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy extraction circuit capable of tracking the maximum power point provided by the present invention is composed of discrete analog circuit devices, uses two triodes to act as comparators and switches, and can successfully capture the maximum power point. power point and complete the harvesting of piezoelectric energy without resorting to additional devices such as programmable controllers. Therefore, the new circuit has the advantages of low power consumption, independent impedance, self-starting, and no need for batteries.

Description

The self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy that can track maximum power point extracts circuit

Technical field

The present invention relates to piezoelectric energies to extract field, can track maximum power more particularly, to one kind is self-powered The piezoelectric vibration energy of point extracts circuit.

Background technique

In recent years, the development of wireless sensor and wireless communication network node obtains great concern, and has become one Big research hotspot.Wireless sensor is widely portable to building safety detection with wireless communication network node, environmental Kuznets Curves are surveyed It examines, the scenes such as smart home, animal locating and tracking.But as the rapid growth of node device quantity and size gradually become Small and inserting knot position distribution is dispersed further, and node power is gradually shown using this conventional technique scheme of chemical cell Its limitation and shortcoming.Since the service life of chemical cell is limited, and frequent charging is needed, battery is carried out again Secondary charging or replacement battery, become a great problem.

And with the common progress of low-power Electronic Design and low-power electronic manufacture, wireless sensor with communicate The power consumption of network node further decreases, can be down to 10 to 100 μ W.Therefore, the piezoelectric effect that can use piezoelectric material will be outer The ubiquitous vibrational energy in boundary is converted into electric energy, provides enough electric energy, this technical solution, referred to as piezoelectricity for node work Energy collection technology, the element used are piezoelectric energy collector (piezoelectric energy harvester).

What it is due to the output of piezoelectric energy collector is alternating current, and its output impedance is in capacitive.In order to piezoelectric energy It is stored and is made full use of, circuit needs a rectification interface circuit, and the alternating current of output is converted into be suitble to save The direct current that point uses.Classical rectification interface circuit is that half-wave or full-wave rectification bridge are followed by storage capacitor, although this side Case structure is simple, can export basicly stable DC current, but energy extraction efficiency is low.In order to overcome this deficiency, Guyomar, Lefeuvre, Richard team propose a kind of referred to as SSHI (Synchronized Switch Harvesting With Inductor) high efficiency nonlinear Energy extraction circuit be subject to appropriate with the auxiliary of inductance and synchronous switch Control strategy reduces the charge and discharge time of the inner clip capacitor of piezoelectric energy collector and increases the charging time to storage capacitor, To improve energy extraction efficiency.

Above classical circuit and SSHI circuit will obtain maximum Energy extraction power, it is also necessary to which external load meets resistance Resist matched condition, but since external load is all specifically to apply, such as: sensor, the electronic equipments such as radiofrequency launcher are born The impedance of load can not be changed, and above-mentioned interface circuit is difficult to meet impedance matching condition, in this regard, Richard et al. is proposed Independent synchronous charge-extraction SECE (the Synchronous Electric Change Extraction) circuit of impedance, it was also proposed that Realize using Buck-Boost step-down/up type translation circuit impedance independence.However only to realize impedance only for these circuits Vertical, there is no the targets for veritably reaching impedance matching or impedance self-adaptive.

For the matched problem of resolved impedance spectroscopy, maximized so that collecting power, MPPT maximum power point tracking MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) technology is suggested.Currently, realizing that the algorithm of MPPT technique has hill-climbing algorithm and FOCV Two kinds of (Fractional Open Circuit Voltage), on the mainstream implementation of algorithm, the former needs microprocessor Etc. ancillary equipments monitored in real time and adjusted, the latter need auxiliary capacitor etc. come measure piezoelectricity open-circuit voltage in advance and obtain Half value.Above implementation requires external accessory power supply, cannot achieve really without battery and complete self-powered.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is that the maximum power point tracking technology more than solving needs ancillary equipment to be monitored adjusting, cannot achieve Self-powered technological deficiency provides a kind of self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy extraction circuit that can track maximum power point.

To realize the above goal of the invention, the technical solution adopted is that:

The self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy extraction circuit that can track maximum power point, including piezoelectric energy collector, Full-wave rectification bridge, storage capacitor Ci, passive high three-way filter and circuit control module；

Wherein the positive output end of piezoelectric energy collector, negative output terminal be in respectively with full-wave rectification bridge diagonal end one, Two connection of end, the end three of full-wave rectification bridge are grounded, the end four of full-wave rectification bridge and storage capacitor CiAnode connection, storage capacitor CiCathode ground connection；

Passive high three-way filter includes capacitor CHPWith resistance RHP, capacitor CHPAnode connect with the end four of full-wave rectification bridge, Capacitor CHPCathode pass through resistance RHPGround connection；

The circuit control module includes resistance R1, diode DHP, diode D1, capacitor C1, resistance R2, resistance R3, two poles Pipe D2, PNP triode T1, diode D3With NPN triode T2；Wherein diode DHPCathode and capacitor CHPCathode connection, two Pole pipe DHPPlus earth；Resistance R1One end and capacitor CHPCathode connection, resistance R1The other end and diode D1Sun Pole connection, diode D1Cathode and capacitor C1Anode connection, capacitor C1Cathode ground connection；The PNP triode T1Transmitting Pole and diode D2Cathode connection, diode D2Anode and capacitor C1Anode connection；PNP triode T1Base stage pass through Resistance R2With capacitor CHPCathode connection, PNP triode T1Collector pass through resistance R3With NPN triode T2Base stage connection, NPN triode T2Collector and diode D3Cathode connection, diode D3Anode and full-wave rectification bridge end four connect, NPN triode T2Emitter be used for and load connect；

The equivalent internal resistance and equivalent capacity for enabling piezoelectric energy collector constant voltage source model are expressed as Rs、Cj, capacitor CHPWith Resistance RHPCapacitance and resistance value be expressed as CHPAnd RHP, storage capacitor CiCapacitance be expressed as Ci, then R is enableds、Cj、CHP、RHPWith CiMeet condition:

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The circuit control module provided by the invention for extracting circuit is made of discrete analog circuit device, uses two three Pole pipe serves as the role of comparator and switch, can successfully capture maximum power point and complete the collection of piezoelectric energy, and And without additional devices such as programmable controllers.Therefore, which has low-power consumption, and impedance is independent, self-starting, nothing The advantages that needing battery.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for extracting circuit.

Fig. 2 is the equivalent circuit of piezoelectric energy collector, full-wave rectification bridge, storage capacitor and passive high three-way filter Figure.

Fig. 3 is storage capacitor CiWith resistance RHPVoltage curve.

Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram for extracting the charging stage of circuit.

Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram for extracting circuit maximum power point acquisition phase.

Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram for extracting the Energy extraction stage of circuit.

Specific embodiment

The attached figures are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitating the patent；

Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is further elaborated.

Embodiment 1

As shown in Figure 1, the self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy that can track maximum power point provided by the invention extracts electricity Road, including piezoelectric energy collector, full-wave rectification bridge, storage capacitor Ci, passive high three-way filter and circuit control module.This reality It applies in example, piezoelectric energy collector is piezoelectric patches.

Wherein the positive output end of piezoelectric energy collector, negative output terminal be in respectively with full-wave rectification bridge diagonal end one, Two connection of end, the end three of full-wave rectification bridge are grounded, the end four of full-wave rectification bridge and storage capacitor CiAnode connection, storage capacitor CiCathode ground connection；

Passive high three-way filter includes capacitor CHPWith resistance RHP, capacitor CHPAnode connect with the end four of full-wave rectification bridge, Capacitor CHPCathode pass through resistance RHPGround connection；

The circuit control module includes resistance R1, diode DHP, diode D1, capacitor C1, resistance R2, resistance R3, two poles Pipe D2, PNP triode T1, diode D3With NPN triode T2；Wherein diode DHPCathode and capacitor CHPCathode connection, two Pole pipe DHPPlus earth；Resistance R1One end and capacitor CHPCathode connection, resistance R1The other end and diode D1Sun Pole connection, diode D1Cathode and capacitor C1Anode connection, capacitor C1Cathode ground connection；The PNP triode T1Transmitting Pole and diode D2Cathode connection, diode D2Anode and capacitor C1Anode connection；PNP triode T1Base stage pass through Resistance R2With capacitor CHPCathode connection, PNP triode T1Collector pass through resistance R3With NPN triode T2Base stage connection, NPN triode T2Collector and diode D3Cathode connection, diode D3Anode and full-wave rectification bridge end four connect, NPN triode T2Emitter be used for and load connect；

The equivalent internal resistance and equivalent capacity for enabling piezoelectric energy collector constant voltage source model are expressed as Rs、Cj, capacitor CHPWith Resistance RHPCapacitance and resistance value be expressed as CHPAnd RHP, storage capacitor CiCapacitance be expressed as Ci, then R is enableds、Cj、CHP、RHPWith CiMeet condition:

Shown in institute Fig. 2, which is piezoelectric energy collector, full-wave rectification bridge, storage capacitor and passive high-pass filtering The constant voltage equivalent circuit of device.Resistance RsFor the internal resistance of piezoelectric energy collector, passive high three-way filter time constant is equal to pressure The half of time constant in electric flux collector, i.e.,Resistance RHPVoltage and storage capacitor CiVoltage curve be Fig. 3, as time t=τ ln 2, resistance RHPVoltage reach peak valueLucky storage capacitor CiVoltage Also reach open-circuit voltage VOCHalf, be the corresponding voltage value of maximum power point.

As shown in figure 4, Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram for extracting the charging stage of circuit.Piezoelectric energy collector generates alternating current, To be continuously the storage capacitor C that original state is zeroiIt charges, while the resistance R of passive high three-way filterHPOn voltage Also it begins to ramp up, the C in circuit control module1Also start energy storage, due to triode T1Upper emitter to the voltage between base stage not Have and is greater than emitter junction conducting voltage, therefore triode T1In not turning on state.

As shown in figure 5, Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram for extracting circuit maximum power point acquisition phase.As storage capacitor CiOn electricity Pressure is charged to justWhen, the resistance R of positive value passive high three-way filterHPOn voltage reach maximum value, i.e. its voltage waveform Then peak value is begun to decline.Due to diode D2With triode T1Effect, as resistance RHPOn voltage decline 2VD+VBEWhen, Triode T1Upper emitter starts to be greater than emitter junction conducting voltage to the voltage between base stage, to promote triode T1Access switch On state.Capacitor C1Start to discharge, with diode D2, triode T1The end ec, resistance R3, triode T2The end be formed back Road promotes triode T2Into saturation state, it is equivalent to switch conduction.Due to voltage 2VD+VBEIt is minimum, resistance RHPOn voltage Decline 2VD+VBERequired time is extremely short, for the vibration period, can be ignored, therefore, resistance RHPUpper voltage waveform Peak value can be detected, i.e. the maximum power point of piezoelectric energy collector is successfully captured to.

As shown in fig. 6, Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram for extracting the Energy extraction stage of circuit.Triode T2In maximum power point It is activated at quarter on state, storage capacitor CiOn charge can be transferred to application load, and then complete to piezoelectricity energy The extraction of amount.Capacitor C on passive high three-way filterHPEnergy pass through sustained diodeHPIt is transferred to application load.

In conclusion circuit of the invention uses well-designed passive high three-way filter, realize to piezoelectricity maximum work The tracking of rate point is captured as control module with simple topological circuit using discrete component, realizes and answer for burst type It is powered with load, so as to complete the design of self-powered maximum power point energy collection circuit.The circuit is supplied without external Electricity is not needed using complicated integrated chip, and there are no the auxiliary for needing the additional processors such as DSP or microprocessor.Due to control The lower and whole circuit of the power consumption of circuit is simpler, moreover, application load and integrated circuit keep independent, is independent of each other, because This, which has the advantages that high efficiency, design is simple, complete self-powered, loaded self-adaptive.

Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used also on the basis of the above description To make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention within the spirit and principle of invention Protection scope within.

Claims (2)

1.自供电的能够跟踪最大功率点的压电振动能量提取电路，其特征在于：包括压电能量收集器、全波整流桥、储能电容Ci、无源高通滤波器和电路控制模块；1. the self-powered piezoelectric vibration energy extraction circuit that can track the maximum power point, is characterized in that: comprise piezoelectric energy collector, full-wave rectifier bridge, energy storage capacitor C i , passive high-pass filter and circuit control module; 其中压电能量收集器的正输出端、负输出端分别与全波整流桥处于对角的端一、端二连接，全波整流桥的端三接地，全波整流桥的端四与储能电容Ci的正极连接，储能电容Ci的负极接地；The positive output end and the negative output end of the piezoelectric energy harvester are respectively connected to the diagonal ends of the full-wave rectifier bridge, and the end 3 of the full-wave rectifier bridge is grounded. The positive pole of the capacitor C i is connected, and the negative pole of the energy storage capacitor C i is grounded; 无源高通滤波器包括电容CHP和电阻RHP，电容CHP的正极与全波整流桥的端四连接，电容CHP的负极通过电阻RHP接地；The passive high-pass filter includes a capacitor C HP and a resistor R HP , the positive electrode of the capacitor C HP is connected to the terminal 4 of the full-wave rectifier bridge, and the negative electrode of the capacitor C HP is grounded through the resistor R HP ; 所述电路控制模块包括电阻R1、二极管DHP、二极管D1、电容C1、电阻R2、电阻R3、二极管D2、PNP三极管T1、二极管D3和NPN三极管T2；其中二极管DHP的阴极与电容CHP的负极连接，二极管DHP的阳极接地；电阻R1的一端与电容CHP的负极连接，电阻R1的另一端与二极管D1的阳极连接，二极管D1的阴极与电容C1的正极连接，电容C1的负极接地；所述PNP三极管T1的发射极与二极管D2的阴极连接，二极管D2的阳极与电容C1的正极连接；PNP三极管T1的基极通过电阻R2与电容CHP的负极连接，PNP三极管T1的集电极通过电阻R3与NPN三极管T2的基极连接，NPN三极管T2的集电极与二极管D3的阴极连接，二极管D3的阳极与全波整流桥的端四连接，NPN三极管T2的发射极用于与负载连接；The circuit control module includes resistor R 1 , diode D HP , diode D 1 , capacitor C 1 , resistor R 2 , resistor R 3 , diode D 2 , PNP transistor T 1 , diode D 3 and NPN transistor T 2 ; The cathode of D HP is connected to the cathode of capacitor C HP , and the anode of diode D HP is grounded; one end of resistor R 1 is connected to the cathode of capacitor C HP , the other end of resistor R 1 is connected to the anode of diode D 1 , and the The cathode is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitor C1 , and the negative electrode of the capacitor C1 is grounded ; the emitter of the PNP triode T1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2, and the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitor C1 ; the PNP triode T1 The base is connected to the cathode of the capacitor C HP through the resistor R2, the collector of the PNP transistor T1 is connected to the base of the NPN transistor T2 through the resistor R3 , and the collector of the NPN transistor T2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D3 , the anode of diode D 3 is connected to the terminal four of the full-wave rectifier bridge, and the emitter of NPN triode T 2 is used to connect with the load; 令压电能量收集器恒压电源模型的等效内阻和等效电容表示为Rs、Cj，电容CHP和电阻RHP的容值和阻值分别表示为CHP和RHP，储能电容Ci的容值表示为Ci，则令Rs、Cj、CHP、RHP和Ci满足条件：Let the equivalent internal resistance and equivalent capacitance of the constant voltage power supply model of the piezoelectric energy harvester be denoted as R s , C j , the capacitance and resistance of the capacitor C HP and the resistance R HP are denoted as C HP and R HP respectively, and the storage The capacitance value of the energy capacitor C i is expressed as C i , then let R s , C j , CH HP , R HP and C i satisfy the conditions: 2.根据权利要求1所述的供电的能够跟踪最大功率点的压电振动能量提取电路，其特征在于：所述压电能量收集器为压电片。2 . The piezoelectric vibration energy extracting circuit capable of tracking the maximum power point, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric energy harvester is a piezoelectric sheet. 3 .

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CN108809145B (en) * 2018-04-24 2019-12-13 西安电子科技大学 Maximum power point tracking control piezoelectric energy acquisition circuit
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CN109004862A (en) * 2018-08-02 2018-12-14 湖南工业大学 A kind of low latency self-powered piezo-electric generating synchronization charge-extraction circuit
CN110752744B (en) * 2019-10-29 2020-09-11 合肥工业大学 Non-inductance self-starting energy collection system for piezoelectric energy collection
CN112491295B (en) * 2020-11-20 2024-06-25 宁波大学 Piezoelectric energy collection circuit based on maximum power point tracking
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