CN108490408B - A Field Test Method for Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Moving Target Detection - Google Patents
- ️Tue Jun 02 2020
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- CN108490408B CN108490408B CN201810587748.4A CN201810587748A CN108490408B CN 108490408 B CN108490408 B CN 108490408B CN 201810587748 A CN201810587748 A CN 201810587748A CN 108490408 B CN108490408 B CN 108490408B Authority
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种机载合成孔径雷达动目标检测外场试验方法，能够实现高轨合成孔径雷达的等效，使得机载合成孔径雷达能够录取长合成孔径时间的动目标回波数据，为验证高轨合成孔径雷达动目标检测技术的可行性提供支撑；本发明的一种机载合成孔径雷达动目标检测外场试验方法，除了适用于舰船目标的成像试验，还适用于水体、农作物和林地等时敏目标进行长合成孔径时间下的成像试验。
The present invention provides an external field test method for airborne synthetic aperture radar moving target detection, which can realize the equivalence of high-orbit synthetic aperture radar, so that the airborne synthetic aperture radar can record moving target echo data with long synthetic aperture time, so as to verify the Provide support for the feasibility of high-orbit synthetic aperture radar moving target detection technology; an airborne synthetic aperture radar moving target detection field test method of the present invention is not only applicable to the imaging test of ship targets, but also applicable to water bodies, crops and woodlands Isochronous targets were used for imaging experiments with long synthetic aperture times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-orbit synthetic aperture radar testing, and particularly relates to an outfield testing method for detecting a moving target of an airborne synthetic aperture radar.
Background
In the process of detecting an interested target, particularly a ship target, by the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar, because the ship structure and the scattering characteristic of the ship target are complex and are influenced by environmental factors such as sea surface storms and the like, the ship target and sea clutter move in a complex nonlinear manner, and the ship motion needs to be compensated by coherent accumulation of echo signals, so that whether the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar has a good detection effect on a moving target or not needs to be verified. In order to fully verify the feasibility of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar moving target imaging and detection technology, a verification test needs to be carried out. The verification test for the satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar system comprises two types of methods:
the first method is computer simulation test, which uses computer software to complete radar signal echo simulation and simulation treatment, thereby completing system test;
the second method is an actual external field test, in which a synthetic aperture radar is mounted on a moving platform such as an airplane, the transmission of signals and the collection of echoes are completed through a transmitter and a receiver, and signal processing is performed on the airplane or the ground, so that system testing is completed.
However, objects of interest with complex scattering characteristics and non-linear motion, such as ship objects, are difficult to effectively simulate and simulate through simulation experiments. Under the conditions that actual measurement data of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is lacked, the synthetic aperture time of a low-orbit synthetic aperture radar satellite is too short, and the synthetic aperture time of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar satellite is longer, the detection result of the low-orbit synthetic aperture radar on a moving target cannot be adopted to verify the moving target detection technology of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar. That is to say, the existing test method cannot meet the verification of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar moving target detection technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an outfield test method for detecting a moving target of an airborne synthetic aperture radar, which provides support for verifying the feasibility of a high-orbit synthetic aperture radar moving target detection technology.
An airborne synthetic aperture radar moving target detection external field test method comprises the following steps:
s1: simulating a moving target equivalent to the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the target of interest;
s2: acquiring flight parameters equivalent to the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar, wherein the flight parameters comprise azimuth resolution, range resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, synthetic aperture time and squint angle;
s3: the airborne synthetic aperture radar transmits radar signals to the area to be observed where the moving target is located according to the flight parameters and receives echo signals;
s4: and detecting the constant false alarm rate of the echo signal to obtain an external field test image of the moving target.
Preferably, the object of interest is a ship object.
Preferably, the simulation for obtaining the moving target equivalent to the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the target of interest is specifically:
acquiring the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic of an interested target in a real sea area with a set level sea state;
and controlling the motion of the moving target in the real sea area according to the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic, so that the error between the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the moving target and the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the target of interest is smaller than a set threshold value.
Preferably, the simulation for obtaining the moving target equivalent to the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the target of interest is specifically:
artificially manufacturing waves with set levels in an offshore area, and then acquiring the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic of an interested target model in the offshore area; wherein the object of interest model is in a set proportion to the size of the object of interest;
and controlling the motion of the moving target in the offshore region according to the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic, so that the error between the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the moving target and the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the interested target model is smaller than a set threshold value.
Preferably, the acquiring the flight parameters equivalent to the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar specifically includes the following steps:
s201: the movement speed of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar after the movement speed is reduced by mu times is used as the movement speed of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, so that the equivalence of the azimuth resolution of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is realized, wherein mu is the ratio of the action distance of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar to the action distance of the airborne synthetic aperture radar;
s202: the bandwidth of a radar signal transmitted by the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is used as the bandwidth of a radar signal transmitted by the airborne synthetic aperture radar, so that the equivalent distance-direction resolution of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is realized;
s203: acquiring the transmitting power and the antenna area of the airborne synthetic aperture radar under the conditions of set transmitting efficiency, action distance, movement speed and loss coefficient on the basis of the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is equal to that of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, thereby realizing the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar;
s204: on the basis of the condition that the azimuth resolution of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is equivalent to the azimuth resolution of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, the synthetic aperture time of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is used as the synthetic aperture time of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, so that the equivalent of the synthetic aperture time of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is realized;
s205: and taking the value larger than the squint angle of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar as the squint angle of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, thereby realizing the equivalence of the squint angles of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides an outfield test method for detecting a moving target of an airborne synthetic aperture radar, which can realize the equivalence of a high-orbit synthetic aperture radar, so that the airborne synthetic aperture radar can record moving target echo data with long synthetic aperture time, and support is provided for verifying the feasibility of a high-orbit synthetic aperture radar moving target detection technology.
The outfield test method for detecting the moving target of the airborne synthetic aperture radar is not only suitable for the imaging test of the ship target, but also suitable for the imaging test of the sensitive target such as water, crops and forest lands under the condition of long synthetic aperture time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an outfield test method for detecting a moving target of an airborne synthetic aperture radar provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of imaging of an elevated synthetic aperture radar and an airborne synthetic aperture radar provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an outfield test scene for moving target detection provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a flight line of a moving target detection outfield test helicopter provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, the figure is a flowchart of an outfield test method for detecting a moving target of an airborne synthetic aperture radar according to this embodiment. An airborne synthetic aperture radar moving target detection external field test method comprises the following steps:
s1: and acquiring a moving target equivalent to the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the target of interest.
It should be noted that the object has six degrees of freedom in space, namely, a degree of freedom of movement in the directions of three orthogonal coordinate axes x, y, and z, and a degree of freedom of rotation around the three coordinate axes. That is, the object of interest may have 3 translational movements and 3 rotations in the orthogonal coordinate system oxyz. The 3 translational movements are respectively translational movements along x, y and z axes, and the 3 rotations are respectively rotations around the x, y and z axes, so that the 6 independent movements are called as 6 degrees of freedom.
Optionally, the object of interest is a ship object.
Two methods of acquiring a moving object equivalent to the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the object of interest are described below.
The first method comprises the following steps: acquiring the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic of an interested target in a real sea area with a set level sea state;
and controlling the motion of the moving target in the real sea area according to the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic, so that the error between the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the moving target and the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the target of interest is smaller than a set threshold value.
The second method is as follows: artificially manufacturing waves with set levels in an offshore area, and then acquiring the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic of an interested target model in the offshore area; wherein the object of interest model is in a set proportion to the size of the object of interest;
and controlling the motion of the moving target in the offshore region according to the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic, so that the error between the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the moving target and the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the interested target model is smaller than a set threshold value.
It should be noted that the sea state of the set level can be 1-5 levels, wherein the sea state of level 1 is ripple or surge and ripple exist at the same time; the 2-level sea condition is that the wave crest with small waves begins to break, and the wave flower is not white but is in glass color; the grade 3 sea state is that the wave is not big, but is very striking, the wave crest is broken, and some places form white wave-white wave; waves with a level 4 sea state have obvious shapes and form white waves everywhere; the 5-level sea state is that a high wave crest appears, the wave takes up a large area on the wave crest, and the wind begins to cut off the wave crest.
S2: acquiring flight parameters equivalent to the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar, wherein the flight parameters comprise azimuth resolution, range resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, synthetic aperture time and squint angle.
The method for acquiring the flight parameters equivalent to the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar specifically comprises the following steps:
s201: and the movement speed of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar after the movement speed is reduced by mu times is used as the movement speed of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, so that the equivalence of the azimuth resolution of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is realized, wherein mu is the ratio of the action distance of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar to the action distance of the airborne synthetic aperture radar.
It should be noted that the azimuth resolution equivalently requires the same view angle change range corresponding to the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar and the airborne synthetic aperture radar. As shown in fig. 2, in the same time sampling interval, the spatially varying angles of the synthetic aperture radar beam on the high orbit and the synthetic aperture radar beam on the aircraft are consistent, that is, the following are satisfied:
wherein R is1(ta) And R2(ta) Instantaneous slope, v, of airborne and high-orbit synthetic aperture radars, e.g. GEOSAR1(ta) And v2(ta) Respectively airborne synthesisInstantaneous velocity, Δ t, of aperture radar and high-orbit synthetic aperture radaraThe corresponding azimuth sampling interval.
The difference between the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is mainly reflected in that the working distance is greatly shortened, and if the ratio of the working distance and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is approximately equal to the multiple mu of a constant, which is approximately equal to R2(0)/R1(0) Then v1(ta)≈v2(ta) Mu, namely reducing the flight speed of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar by mu times to realize the equivalent of the azimuth resolution.
S202: the bandwidth of the radar signal transmitted by the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is used as the bandwidth of the radar signal transmitted by the airborne synthetic aperture radar, so that the equivalent of the distance resolution of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is realized.
S203: the method comprises the steps of acquiring the transmitting power and the antenna area of the airborne synthetic aperture radar under the conditions of set transmitting efficiency, action distance, movement speed and loss coefficient based on the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is equal to the signal-to-noise ratio of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, and accordingly achieving the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar.
It should be noted that, as known from the radar equation, the echo signal scattering energy is mainly determined by the antenna area, the transmitting power, the moving target backscattering coefficient and the signal propagation loss, and according to the size of the slant distance between the antenna area and the transmitting power of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, the signal-to-noise ratio of the airborne test echo signal and the signal-to-noise ratio of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar can be kept at the same level by adjusting the antenna area and the transmitting power of the airborne synthetic aperture radar.
The left side and the right side of the formula (2) are respectively a calculation formula of the signal-to-noise ratio of the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the signal-to-noise ratio of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar, wherein P isav1And Pav2Average transmit power, σ, of airborne and high-orbit synthetic aperture radars, respectively0Is the backscattering area of the moving target, rho is the ground resolution, A1And A2antenna areas, η, of airborne synthetic aperture radar and high-orbit synthetic aperture radar, respectively1and η2The transmitting efficiency of the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar respectively, lambda is the carrier wave length, R1And R2Respectively, the operating distance, V, of the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar1And V2Radar motion speed, L, for airborne and high-orbit synthetic aperture radars, respectively1And L2Loss coefficients of the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar are shown, and k is a Boltzmann constant; t is the noise temperature of the receiver.
S204: and on the basis of the condition that the azimuth resolution of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is equivalent to the azimuth resolution of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, the synthetic aperture time of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is used as the synthetic aperture time of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, so that the equivalent of the synthetic aperture time of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is realized.
It should be noted that, on the premise that the azimuth resolutions of the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar are equivalent, the synthetic aperture times of the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar are also equivalent, that is, the following requirements are met:
in the formula R1And R2The shortest slant distance, rho, of the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar respectivelya1And rhoa2The azimuth resolution, V, of the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar respectively1And V2The azimuth equivalent speed of the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar are respectively.
S205: and taking the value larger than the squint angle of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar as the squint angle of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, thereby realizing the equivalence of the squint angles of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar.
It should be noted that the maximum ground inclination angle of the in-orbit imaging of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is ± 60 °, and the corresponding inclination angle is about ± 7.6 ° at most, so that the inclination angle of the airborne synthetic aperture radar in this embodiment is 10 °, thereby achieving the equivalent inclination angle of the airborne synthetic aperture radar and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar.
S3: and the airborne synthetic aperture radar transmits radar signals to the area to be observed where the moving target is located according to the flight parameters and receives echo signals.
Referring to fig. 3, the figure is a schematic view of a moving target detection external field test scene provided in this embodiment. Referring to fig. 4, the figure is a schematic view of a flight line of the moving target detection outfield test helicopter provided in this embodiment. It should be noted that, when the airborne synthetic aperture radar transmits a radar signal to the moving target according to the flight parameters, the airborne synthetic aperture radar can be installed in a pod of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a helicopter or an airship, a medium-large ship near the sea area of the island is used as the moving target, and a cross-shaped corner reflector array is placed on the island to form a to-be-observed area of the test; then, the unmanned aerial vehicle, the helicopter or the airship carrying the airborne synthetic aperture radar flies through the area to be observed at a constant speed and in a straight line at a distance of 4-6 km from the coastline at a height of 2km, and simultaneously transmits radar signals. In addition, the echo signals are recorded by a data recorder of the airborne synthetic aperture radar.
S4: and detecting the constant false alarm rate of the echo signal to obtain an external field test image of the moving target.
Therefore, the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar moving target external field detection test method provided by the embodiment records sea surface ship target echo data with long synthetic aperture time through the slow-flying airborne synthetic aperture radar, realizes the equivalence of echo signal characteristics and the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar, and provides support for verifying the feasibility of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar ship target detection technology.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. An airborne synthetic aperture radar moving target detection external field test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: simulating a moving target equivalent to the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the target of interest;
s2: acquiring flight parameters equivalent to the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar, wherein the flight parameters comprise azimuth resolution, range resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, synthetic aperture time and squint angle;
the method for acquiring the flight parameters equivalent to the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar specifically comprises the following steps:
s201: the movement speed of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar after the movement speed is reduced by mu times is used as the movement speed of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, so that the equivalence of the azimuth resolution of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is realized, wherein mu is the ratio of the action distance of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar to the action distance of the airborne synthetic aperture radar;
s202: the bandwidth of a radar signal transmitted by the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is used as the bandwidth of a radar signal transmitted by the airborne synthetic aperture radar, so that the equivalent distance-direction resolution of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is realized;
s203: acquiring the transmitting power and the antenna area of the airborne synthetic aperture radar under the conditions of set transmitting efficiency, action distance, movement speed and loss coefficient on the basis of the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is equal to that of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, thereby realizing the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar;
s204: on the basis of the condition that the azimuth resolution of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is equivalent to the azimuth resolution of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, the synthetic aperture time of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is used as the synthetic aperture time of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, so that the equivalent of the synthetic aperture time of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is realized;
s205: the value larger than the squint angle of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is used as the squint angle of the airborne synthetic aperture radar, so that the equivalent squint angle of the high-orbit synthetic aperture radar is realized;
s3: the airborne synthetic aperture radar transmits radar signals to the area to be observed where the moving target is located according to the flight parameters and receives echo signals;
s4: and detecting the constant false alarm rate of the echo signal to obtain an external field test image of the moving target.
2. The on-board synthetic aperture radar moving target outfield test method of claim 1, wherein the target of interest is a ship target.
3. The method for testing the outfield of the moving target detection of the airborne synthetic aperture radar as claimed in claim 2, wherein the simulation for obtaining the moving target equivalent to the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the target of interest is specifically:
acquiring the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic of an interested target in a real sea area with a set level sea state;
and controlling the motion of the moving target in the real sea area according to the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic, so that the error between the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the moving target and the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the target of interest is smaller than a set threshold value.
4. The method for testing the outfield of the moving target detection of the airborne synthetic aperture radar as claimed in claim 2, wherein the simulation for obtaining the moving target equivalent to the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the target of interest is specifically:
artificially manufacturing waves with set levels in an offshore area, and then acquiring the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic of an interested target model in the offshore area; wherein the object of interest model is in a set proportion to the size of the object of interest;
and controlling the motion of the moving target in the offshore region according to the translation characteristic and the rotation characteristic, so that the error between the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the moving target and the six-degree-of-freedom motion characteristic of the interested target model is smaller than a set threshold value.
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