CN108614503A - Multi-functional agricultural auxiliary system based on distributed solar energy - Google Patents

本发明公开了基于分布式太阳能的多功能农林辅助系统，其中，温度传感器与处理器的输入端相连，处理器的输出端与继电器模块相连，继电器模块的常开触点与电机的电源相串接，用以导通或关断电机电源，当棚内温度超出额定值时，通过控制电机开启大棚，实现对棚内温度的无人控制；湿度传感器与处理器的输入端相连，处理器的输出端与显示模块相连，通过显示模块实时显示土壤水分含量；烟雾传感器与处理器的输入端相连，处理器的输出端与报警模块相连，当处理器检测到烟雾传感器检测的烟雾浓度超过预设值时，通过报警模块进行警报。整个系统体积较小，安装便利，占用空间较小。

The invention discloses a multifunctional agricultural and forestry auxiliary system based on distributed solar energy, wherein the temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the processor, the output end of the processor is connected to the relay module, and the normally open contact of the relay module is connected in series with the power supply of the motor. Connected to turn on or off the power supply of the motor. When the temperature in the shed exceeds the rated value, the shed can be opened by controlling the motor to realize unmanned control of the temperature in the shed; the humidity sensor is connected to the input end of the processor, and the processor’s The output terminal is connected to the display module, and the soil moisture content is displayed in real time through the display module; the smoke sensor is connected to the input terminal of the processor, and the output terminal of the processor is connected to the alarm module. When the processor detects that the smoke concentration detected by the smoke sensor exceeds the preset When the value is exceeded, an alarm is issued through the alarm module. The whole system is small in size, easy to install and takes up less space.

基于分布式太阳能的多功能农林辅助系统Multifunctional agricultural and forestry auxiliary system based on distributed solar energy

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种基于分布式太阳能的多功能农林辅助系统，属于电力电子与智能控制技术领域。The invention relates to a multifunctional agricultural and forestry auxiliary system based on distributed solar energy, which belongs to the technical field of power electronics and intelligent control.

背景技术Background technique

农林业辅助技术和无人控制大棚温度调节技术运用不太广泛。目前市场上存在着较少类似产品。这些产品的服务对象较为单一，且产品功能较少，不能满足农林业的需求。这些产品存在着价格较高，功能性不强，实用性不高，服务不够全面等问题。Auxiliary technologies for agriculture and forestry and temperature adjustment technologies for unmanned greenhouses are not widely used. There are few similar products on the market at present. The service objects of these products are relatively single, and the product functions are few, which cannot meet the needs of agriculture and forestry. These products have problems such as higher prices, weak functionality, low practicability, and insufficient services.

在智慧农业及科技惠农的大背景下，越来越多的人希望用科技改善传统农业模式，本发明通过一系列技术的应用，极大的满足了农民的需求。旨在实现智慧农业，并在农民数量日益减少的今天对大棚温度调节实现无人控制，减少种植过程中对于种植者的需求量。Under the background of smart agriculture and technology benefiting farmers, more and more people hope to use technology to improve traditional agricultural models. This invention greatly meets the needs of farmers through the application of a series of technologies. It aims to realize smart agriculture, and realize unmanned control of greenhouse temperature regulation today when the number of farmers is decreasing, reducing the demand for growers during the planting process.

发明内容Contents of the invention

根据现有技术的不足，本发明提供基于分布式太阳能的多功能农林辅助系统，用以实时检测大棚内的温度、湿度等参数。According to the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a multifunctional agricultural and forestry auxiliary system based on distributed solar energy, which is used to detect parameters such as temperature and humidity in the greenhouse in real time.

本发明按以下技术方案实现：The present invention is realized according to the following technical solutions:

基于分布式太阳能的多功能农林辅助系统，包括太阳能电池板、蓄电池、烟雾传感器、温度传感器、湿度传感器、处理器、显示模块和报警模块；所述太阳能电池板与蓄电池相连，所述蓄电池通过电源开关与处理器相连，太阳能电池板将光能转化为电能后通过蓄电池进行存储，实现持续供电；所述温度传感器与处理器的输入端相连，所述处理器的输出端与继电器模块相连，所述继电器模块的常开触点与电机的电源相串接，，用以导通或关断电机电源，当棚内温度超出额定值时，通过控制电机开启大棚，实现对棚内温度的无人控制；所述湿度传感器与处理器的输入端相连，所述处理器的输出端与显示模块相连，通过显示模块实时显示土壤水分含量；所述烟雾传感器与处理器的输入端相连，所述处理器的输出端与报警模块相连，当处理器检测到烟雾传感器检测的烟雾浓度超过预设值时，通过报警模块进行警报。A multifunctional agricultural and forestry auxiliary system based on distributed solar energy, including solar panels, batteries, smoke sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, processors, display modules and alarm modules; the solar panels are connected to batteries, and the batteries are powered by power The switch is connected to the processor, and the solar panel converts the light energy into electric energy and then stores it through the battery to realize continuous power supply; the temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the processor, and the output end of the processor is connected to the relay module. The normally open contact of the relay module is connected in series with the power supply of the motor to turn on or turn off the power supply of the motor. When the temperature in the shed exceeds the rated value, the shed can be opened by controlling the motor to realize unmanned control of the temperature in the shed. control; the humidity sensor is connected to the input end of the processor, the output end of the processor is connected to the display module, and the soil moisture content is displayed in real time through the display module; the smoke sensor is connected to the input end of the processor, and the processing The output terminal of the detector is connected with the alarm module, and when the processor detects that the smoke concentration detected by the smoke sensor exceeds the preset value, the alarm module will send out an alarm.

优选的是，所述处理器由复位电路、单片机、时钟电路构成，其中单片机采用STC89C52单片机。Preferably, the processor is composed of a reset circuit, a single-chip microcomputer, and a clock circuit, wherein the single-chip microcomputer adopts a STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer.

优选的是，所述温度传感器采用DS18B20芯片。Preferably, the temperature sensor adopts DS18B20 chip.

优选的是，所述继电器模块包括线圈、常开触点、三极管Q1和电阻R1；所述三极管Q1的发射极与电源相连，三极管Q1的基极与电阻R1一端相连，电阻R1另一端与处理器相连，三极管Q1的集电极与线圈相连，常开触点与电机电源相串接。Preferably, the relay module includes a coil, a normally open contact, a transistor Q1 and a resistor R1; the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to a power supply, the base of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the processing The collector of the triode Q1 is connected to the coil, and the normally open contact is connected in series with the motor power supply.

优选的是，所述湿度传感器采用YL69土壤湿度传感器。Preferably, the humidity sensor adopts YL69 soil moisture sensor.

优选的是，所述显示模块采用采用12864液晶屏。Preferably, the display module adopts a 12864 liquid crystal screen.

优选的是，所述烟雾传感器采用MQ-2半导体气体烟雾传感器，所述MQ-2半导体气体烟雾传感器通过AD转换器与处理器相连。Preferably, the smoke sensor is an MQ-2 semiconductor gas smoke sensor, and the MQ-2 semiconductor gas smoke sensor is connected to the processor through an AD converter.

优选的是，所述AD转换器采用ADC0832芯片。Preferably, the AD converter adopts ADC0832 chip.

优选的是，所述报警模块包括蜂鸣器，所述蜂鸣器通过连接三极管Q2与处理器相连。Preferably, the alarm module includes a buzzer, and the buzzer is connected to the processor through a transistor Q2.

本发明有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:

A．当光照射到太阳能电池板时，电板自动收集光能，并将光能转化为电能，并将电能储存。A． When light hits the solar panel, the panel automatically collects light energy, converts light energy into electrical energy, and stores the electrical energy.

B．当森林或林区发生火灾，内置的烟雾传感器能感应到烟雾，通过报警的方式及时通知管理人员。B． When a fire breaks out in a forest or forest area, the built-in smoke sensor can sense the smoke and notify the management personnel in time by means of an alarm.

C.在大面积露天种植区域，产品中的湿度传感器可对土壤水分含量进行检测，可准确找出水分含量不足的区域，并提示种植者哪个地区缺水，在水资源匮乏的今天，能够节约水资源。C. In large-scale open-air planting areas, the humidity sensor in the product can detect the soil moisture content, accurately find out the areas with insufficient moisture content, and prompt the grower which area is short of water. In today's water shortage, it can save water resources.

D.在大棚种植区域，通过产品的温度传感器，能够实现对棚内温度的监测。并与电机相连，当棚内温度超出额定值时，可通过控制电机开启大棚，使大棚进行内外空气流通，实现无人控制温度调节。D. In the greenhouse planting area, the temperature in the greenhouse can be monitored through the temperature sensor of the product. And connected with the motor, when the temperature in the shed exceeds the rated value, the shed can be opened by controlling the motor, so that the inner and outer air of the shed can circulate and realize unmanned control of temperature adjustment.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的整体控制原理框图；Fig. 1 is the overall control principle block diagram of the present invention;

图2为继电器模块电路图；Fig. 2 is a relay module circuit diagram;

图3为烟雾传感器电路图；Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of the smoke sensor;

图4为报警模块电路图；Fig. 4 is the alarm module circuit diagram;

图5为处理器电路图。Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of the processor.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图，通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described through specific embodiments below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

如图1所示，基于分布式太阳能的多功能农林辅助系统，包括太阳能电池板2、蓄电池3、烟雾传感器6、温度传感器4、湿度传感器5、处理器1、显示模块11和报警模块10；太阳能电池板2与蓄电池3相连，蓄电池3通过电源开关12与处理器1相连，太阳能电池板2将光能转化为电能后通过蓄电池3进行存储，实现持续供电；温度传感器4与处理器1的输入端相连，处理器1的输出端与继电器模块8相连，继电器模块8的常开触点与电机9的电源相串接，，用以导通或关断电机9电源，当棚内温度超出额定值时，通过控制电机9开启大棚，实现对棚内温度的无人控制；湿度传感器5与处理器1的输入端相连，处理器1的输出端与显示模块11相连，通过显示模块11实时显示土壤水分含量；烟雾传感器6与处理器1的输入端相连，处理器1的输出端与报警模块10相连，当处理器1检测到烟雾传感器6检测的烟雾浓度超过预设值时，通过报警模块10进行警报。As shown in Figure 1, the multifunctional agricultural and forestry auxiliary system based on distributed solar energy includes a solar panel 2, a storage battery 3, a smoke sensor 6, a temperature sensor 4, a humidity sensor 5, a processor 1, a display module 11 and an alarm module 10; The solar panel 2 is connected to the storage battery 3, and the storage battery 3 is connected to the processor 1 through the power switch 12. The solar panel 2 converts light energy into electric energy and stores it through the storage battery 3 to realize continuous power supply; the temperature sensor 4 and the processor 1 The input end is connected, the output end of processor 1 is connected with relay module 8, and the normally open contact of relay module 8 is connected in series with the power supply of motor 9, in order to turn on or turn off the power supply of motor 9, when the temperature in the shed exceeds When the rated value is reached, the greenhouse is opened by controlling the motor 9 to realize unmanned control of the temperature in the shed; the humidity sensor 5 is connected to the input terminal of the processor 1, and the output terminal of the processor 1 is connected to the display module 11. Display the soil moisture content; the smoke sensor 6 is connected to the input terminal of the processor 1, and the output terminal of the processor 1 is connected to the alarm module 10, and when the processor 1 detects that the smoke concentration detected by the smoke sensor 6 exceeds a preset value, an alarm is issued Module 10 is alerted.

如图5所示，处理器1由复位电路、单片机、时钟电路构成，其中单片机采用STC89C52单片机。STC89C52在4V-5.5V的电压下工作,因此我们通常给单片机通上5V的直流电。单片机的40脚用来接电源，而单片机的20脚用来接地。复位电路起到检测单片机启动状态，来完成单片机启动的作用。因此，当单片机通电之后就会产生复位信号，来确定单片机的正常启动。当在单片机工作中，出现其他干扰信号倒致其无法正常工作，这里我们需要按下复位按钮，使整个电路重新进行工作。As shown in Figure 5, the processor 1 is composed of a reset circuit, a single-chip microcomputer, and a clock circuit, wherein the single-chip microcomputer adopts the STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer. STC89C52 works at a voltage of 4V-5.5V, so we usually supply 5V DC to the microcontroller. Pin 40 of the microcontroller is used for power supply, and pin 20 of the microcontroller is used for grounding. The reset circuit plays the role of detecting the start-up state of the single-chip microcomputer to complete the start-up of the single-chip microcomputer. Therefore, when the single-chip microcomputer is powered on, a reset signal will be generated to determine the normal startup of the single-chip microcomputer. When the single-chip microcomputer is working, other interference signals appear to cause it to fail to work normally. Here we need to press the reset button to make the whole circuit work again.

如图2所示，温度传感器4采用DS18B20芯片。继电器模块8包括线圈、常开触点、三极管Q1和电阻R1； 三极管Q1的发射极与电源相连，三极管Q1的基极与电阻R1一端相连，电阻R1另一端与处理器1相连，三极管Q1的集电极与线圈相连，常开触点K1与电机9电源相串接。As shown in Figure 2, the temperature sensor 4 uses a DS18B20 chip. The relay module 8 includes a coil, a normally open contact, a transistor Q1 and a resistor R1; the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the power supply, the base of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the processor 1, and the transistor Q1 The collector is connected to the coil, and the normally open contact K1 is connected in series with the power supply of the motor 9 .

单片机控制电路在线圈加上一定的电压时，线圈电流流过时，衔铁以克服弹簧的拉力返回到核心，从而常开触点闭合将导通负载电路。当线圈失电时，电磁感应消失，衔铁在弹簧的反作用力被拉返回原来的位置将断开负载电路。When the single-chip microcomputer control circuit applies a certain voltage to the coil, when the coil current flows, the armature returns to the core to overcome the tension of the spring, so that the normally open contact is closed and the load circuit is turned on. When the coil is de-energized, the electromagnetic induction disappears, and the armature is pulled back to its original position by the reaction force of the spring to disconnect the load circuit.

湿度传感器5采用 YL69土壤湿度传感器。其测量精准，价格便宜，广泛应用于节水农业灌溉、温室大棚、花卉蔬菜、草地牧场、土壤速测、植物培养、科学试验等场领域。Humidity sensor 5 adopts YL69 soil moisture sensor. It is accurate in measurement and cheap in price, and is widely used in water-saving agricultural irrigation, greenhouses, flowers and vegetables, grass pastures, soil quick measurement, plant cultivation, scientific experiments and other fields.

显示模块11采用采用12864液晶屏，该点阵的屏显成本相对较低，适用于各类仪器，小型设备的显示领域。The display module 11 adopts a 12864 liquid crystal screen, and the screen display cost of the dot matrix is relatively low, and is suitable for various instruments and small equipment display fields.

如图3、图4所示，烟雾传感器6采用MQ-2半导体气体烟雾传感器，MQ-2半导体气体烟雾传感器通过AD转换器与处理器相连。AD转换器7采用ADC0832芯片。报警模块10包括蜂鸣器，蜂鸣器通过连接三极管Q2与处理器相连。MQ-2半导体气体烟雾传感器可用于氢气、煤气、天然气、烟雾等气体的检测，尤其对于甲烷乙烷的检测有着重要的作用。这种传感器具有在较宽的烟雾浓度范围内灵敏的进行可燃气体的检测和报警，再由于其成本较低，结构简单，体型较小的有点，使其在家庭烟雾报警中占有绝对的地位。通过ADC0832的收集就可以得出在烟雾各个浓度下所对应的电压值，进而可以设定出我们所需要的烟雾报警值。当处理器1检测到MQ-2半导体气体烟雾传感器测得的烟雾浓度大于烟雾报警值时，通过蜂鸣器进行警报，通知管理人员采取相应的措施。As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the smoke sensor 6 adopts the MQ-2 semiconductor gas smoke sensor, and the MQ-2 semiconductor gas smoke sensor is connected to the processor through an AD converter. AD converter 7 adopts ADC0832 chip. The alarm module 10 includes a buzzer, which is connected to the processor through a transistor Q2. MQ-2 semiconductor gas smoke sensor can be used for the detection of hydrogen, coal gas, natural gas, smog and other gases, especially for the detection of methane and ethane. This sensor can sensitively detect and alarm combustible gas in a wide smoke concentration range, and because of its low cost, simple structure, and small size, it occupies an absolute position in home smoke alarms. Through the collection of ADC0832, the voltage values corresponding to the various concentrations of smoke can be obtained, and then the smoke alarm value we need can be set. When the processor 1 detects that the smoke concentration measured by the MQ-2 semiconductor gas smoke sensor is greater than the smoke alarm value, it will alarm through the buzzer and notify the management personnel to take corresponding measures.

A．当光照射到太阳能电池板时，太阳能电池板自动收集光能，将光能转化为电能，做为各种传感器的用电来源。A． When light hits the solar panel, the solar panel automatically collects light energy and converts the light energy into electrical energy, which is used as a power source for various sensors.

B．当森林或林区发生火灾，内置的烟雾传感器6能感应到烟雾，通过报警的方式及时通知管理人员。B． When a fire breaks out in a forest or a wooded area, the built-in smoke sensor 6 can sense the smoke and notify the management personnel in time by means of an alarm.

C.在大面积露天种植区域，产品中的湿度传感器5可对土壤水分含量进行检测，可准确找出水分含量不足的区域，并提示种植者。C. In a large open-air planting area, the humidity sensor 5 in the product can detect the soil moisture content, accurately find out the area with insufficient moisture content, and prompt the grower.

D.在大棚种植区域，通过产品的温度传感器4对棚内温度的监测，并与电机9相连，当棚内温度超出额定值时，可通过控制电机9开启大棚，使大棚进行内外空气流通，实现无人控制温度调节。D. In the greenhouse planting area, the temperature sensor 4 of the product is used to monitor the temperature in the greenhouse, and it is connected to the motor 9. When the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds the rated value, the greenhouse can be opened by controlling the motor 9, so that the inside and outside air of the greenhouse can circulate. Realize unmanned control temperature adjustment.

以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it can still be described in the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.