CN110187548A - Display panel - Google Patents

The present invention provides a kind of display panel, belongs to field of display technology, can at least partly solve the problems, such as that existing display panel brightness is low.A kind of display panel of the invention, each sub-pixel have first area and second area, gray scale regulation unit and liquid crystal are equipped in first area and second area；First substrate is equipped with for making natural light take optical port along predetermined direction injection liquid crystal at first area, and when in liquid crystal without electric field, propagation is totally reflected between first substrate and the second substrate from the natural luminous energy for taking optical port to inject；Gray scale regulates and controls unit for controlling the first liquid crystal lens of Formation of liquid crystals and the second liquid crystal lens of first area and second area respectively；First liquid crystal lens for changing from take optical port inject natural light in the first polarised light the direction of propagation, it be totally reflected it cannot between first substrate and the interface of liquid crystal, and so that the second polarization luminous energy in natural light is all-trans between first substrate and the second substrate and be incident upon second area.

Display panel

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of display technology, and in particular to a kind of display panel.

Background technique

With the development of field of display technology, various products having a display function occur in daily life, such as hand Machine, tablet computer, television set, display, laptop, Digital Frame, navigator etc., the need of these products all without exception Assemble display device.

Currently, Thin Film Transistor-LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display, TFT-LCD) be mainstream on the market display device, as shown in Figure 1, the display panel in TFT-LCD generally comprises Upper polaroid 91 (POL), the down polaroid 92 (POL) being located on first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, and it is located at the Liquid crystal 70 between one substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, upper polaroid 91 are attached to the light emission side of display panel, down polaroid 92 It is attached to the incident side of display panel, and the light transmission shaft of upper polarisation is vertical with the light transmission shaft of down polaroid 92.Pass through upper polaroid 91, the exitance of the common adjusting light of down polaroid 92 and liquid crystal 70, so that the brightness that different display units are shown is different, To achieve the purpose that show image in display panel.

But display panel in the prior art is when displaying an image, the theoretically at least half (display of incident natural light When maximum brightness) it can be absorbed by upper polaroid 91 and down polaroid 92, cause the transmitance of light lower.

Summary of the invention

The present invention at least partly solves the problems, such as that existing display panel brightness is low, provides a kind of display surface of high brightness Plate.

Solving technical solution used by present invention problem is a kind of display panel, including the first base that box is arranged Plate and the second substrate, and it is divided into multiple sub-pixels, each sub-pixel has first area and second area, firstth area Gray scale regulation unit and the liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate are equipped in domain and second area；

The first substrate is equipped at first area takes optical port for making natural light inject liquid crystal along predetermined direction, It is complete between the first substrate and the second substrate from the natural luminous energy for taking optical port to inject when in the liquid crystal without electric field Reflection is propagated；

The gray scale regulation unit is used to control the first liquid crystal of Formation of liquid crystals of the first area and second area respectively Lens and the second liquid crystal lens；First liquid crystal lens are for changing the from the natural light for taking optical port to inject The direction of propagation of one polarised light be totally reflected it cannot between the first substrate and the interface of liquid crystal, and make the natural light In the second polarization luminous energy be all-trans between the first substrate and the second substrate and be incident upon second area；

The first substrate of the second area is equipped with transformational structure close to the side of the liquid crystal, for will be from described the Second polarised light in one region reflects and is changed into the first polarised light, and second liquid crystal lens are for changing described first The direction of propagation of polarised light.

It may further be preferable that each sub-pixel also has third region, it is equipped with and uses in the third region In the absorption knot for absorbing light from the second area, being totally reflected between the first substrate and the second substrate Structure.

It may further be preferable that the absorbing structure is set to the first substrate in the third region close to the liquid crystal Side.

It may further be preferable that the gray scale regulation unit includes: public electrode；First electrode is located at firstth area In domain, the public electrode and the first electrode form described for regulating and controlling the liquid crystal deflection angle of the first area One liquid crystal lens；Second electrode is located in the second area, and the public electrode and the second electrode are described for regulating and controlling The liquid crystal deflection angle of second area is to form second liquid crystal lens.

It may further be preferable that the public electrode is set to the second substrate close to liquid crystal side, the first electrode The first substrate is set to close to liquid crystal side with the second electrode.

It may further be preferable that the first electrode includes multiple first sub-electrodes, it is being parallel to first substrate and from institute It states first area to be directed toward on the direction of the second area, multiple first sub-electrodes are arranged successively；The second electrode packet Multiple second sub electrodes are included, are being parallel to first substrate and from the direction that the second area is directed toward in the first area, it is more A second sub electrode is arranged successively.

It may further be preferable that described take optical port for optical grating construction.

It may further be preferable that the transformational structure is half wave plate.

It may further be preferable that first liquid crystal lens and second liquid crystal lens are respectively prism structure or light Grid structure.

It may further be preferable that the second substrate is color membrane substrates.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of existing display panel；

Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of display panel of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 3 a is a kind of schematic diagram of situation of light propagation in a kind of display panel of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 3 b is the schematic diagram of another situation of light propagation in a kind of display panel of the embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the partial enlargement diagram of first area in Fig. 3 b；

Wherein, appended drawing reference are as follows: 10 first substrates；20 the second substrates；30 first areas；32 take optical port；40 second areas； 41 transformational structures；50 third regions；51 absorbing structures；61 public electrodes；62 first electrodes；63 second electrodes；70 liquid crystal；80 is blunt Change layer；91 upper polaroids；92 down polaroids.

Specific embodiment

Technical solution in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific embodiment party Present invention is further described in detail for formula.

Hereinafter reference will be made to the drawings, and the present invention will be described in more detail.In various figures, identical element is using similar attached Icon is remembered to indicate.For the sake of clarity, the various pieces in attached drawing are not necessarily to scale.In addition, may not show in figure Certain well known parts out.

Many specific details of the invention, such as structure, material, size, the processing work of component is described hereinafter Skill and technology, to be more clearly understood that the present invention.But it just as the skilled person will understand, can not press The present invention is realized according to these specific details.

Embodiment 1:

As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the present embodiment provides a kind of display panels, including the first substrate 10 that box is arranged and Two substrates 20, and be divided into multiple sub-pixels, each sub-pixel have first area 30 and a second area 40, first area 30 and the Gray scale regulation unit and the liquid crystal 70 between first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are equipped in two regions 40；

First substrate 10 is equipped with for making natural light take optical port along predetermined direction injection liquid crystal 70 at first area 30 32, when in liquid crystal 70 without electric field, it is all-trans between first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 from the natural luminous energy for taking optical port 32 to inject Penetrate propagation；

It is saturating that gray scale regulates and controls liquid crystal 70 formation first liquid crystal of the unit for controlling first area 30 and second area 40 respectively Mirror (Lens) and the second liquid crystal lens (Lens)；First liquid crystal lens are for changing from the in the natural light for taking optical port 32 to inject The direction of propagation of one polarised light be totally reflected it cannot between first substrate 10 and the interface of liquid crystal 70, and make in natural light Second polarization luminous energy is all-trans between first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is incident upon second area 40；

The first substrate 10 of second area 40 is equipped with transformational structure 41 close to the side of liquid crystal 70, for that will come from the firstth area Second polarised light in domain 30 reflects and is changed into the first polarised light, the second liquid crystal lens for changing the first polarised light propagation side To.

Wherein, that is to say, that each sub-pixel has first area 30 and second area 40.It is set in first area 30 Optical port 32 is taken, and the liquid crystal 70 in first area 30 can form the first liquid crystal lens.Change-over knot is equipped in second area 40 Structure 41, and the liquid crystal 70 in second area 40 can form the second liquid crystal lens.

A kind of situation that natural light is propagated between first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is: as shown in Figure 3a, in liquid crystal When no-voltage in 70 and liquid crystal 70 do not form the first liquid crystal lens and the second liquid crystal lens, take optical port 32 by the natural light of collimation (as shown by the arrow) liquid crystal 70 is passed through along predetermined direction to be constantly totally reflected in first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, Without projecting the second substrate 20, to realize zero grayscale (L0) of display panel.

It is that natural light is propagated between first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 another situation is that: as shown in Figure 3b (wherein Two triangles in liquid crystal 70 schematically indicate the physics of the first liquid crystal lens and the second liquid crystal lens equivalence respectively The shape of lens), when gray scale regulation unit forms the first liquid crystal lens and the second liquid crystal lens, firstly, taking optical port 32 will be quasi- Straight natural light is along the first liquid crystal lens of predetermined direction directive, and since liquid crystal lens have birefringence, therefore the first liquid crystal The natural light is divided into the first polarised light (the solid arrow line in such as Fig. 3 b) and the second polarised light (dotted line in such as Fig. 3 b by lens Arrow line), i.e. o light and e light.

The first liquid crystal lens change the direction of propagation of the first polarised light simultaneously, make at least partly the first polarised light in the second base Refraction occurs at plate 20 and projects, forms a part of light that actual displayed needs.

Moreover, the first liquid crystal lens be totally reflected the second polarised light still can at the second substrate 20, it is subsequently toward The transformational structure 41 in two regions 40.Second polarised light passes through transformational structure 41, again passes through after total reflection on first substrate 10 It is changed into the first polarised light after transformational structure 41, the first polarised light second liquid crystal lens of directive, the second liquid crystal lens are by changing Become the direction of propagation of the first polarised light, so that at least partly the first polarised light occurs to reflect and project, shape at the second substrate 20 Another part light needed at actual displayed.

Wherein, it is needed when the first polarised light all occurs refraction at the second substrate 20 and projects as actual displayed Light is that brightness is maximum, i.e. grayscale L255 state.And according to the difference in the specific direction of the first polarised light, it is adjusted in the second substrate The ratio of refraction and reflection occurs at 20, to realize the display of different grayscale.

Certainly, to realize the above display, then the refractive index of each structure of the display panel of the present embodiment must satisfy requirement, Such as the refractive index of first substrate 10, the second substrate 20 etc. can be 1.5 in display panel, and in order to by first electrode 62, second Electrode 63 is separated with optical port 32, transformational structure 41 is taken, and can be also equipped with positioned at first electrode 62 and be taken between optical port 32, second electrode Passivation layer 80 between 63 and transformational structure 41, refractive index 1.8；And 70 refractive index of liquid crystal is according to the difference of electric field where it Refractive index is different, and such as at no electric field (0 grayscale), its refractive index is 1.8, and when grayscale L255 state, liquid crystal lens are with birefringent Property, ne=1.8, no=1.5.

In addition, can also have the other known structures such as oriented layer (PI), their refraction in the display panel of the present embodiment Rate, which should also meet, realizes the above requirement shown, is not described in detail herein.

It should be noted that since the structure of each sub-pixel in the display panel of this implementation is identical and principle of luminosity It is identical, therefore the present embodiment is only described in detail the structure of any one sub-pixel and luminous propagate away from, and Fig. 2 is extremely 4 also only indicate the schematic diagram of any one sub-pixel.In addition, the side of the second substrate 20 can be considered the light emission side of display panel.

In the display panel of the present embodiment, gray scale regulate and control unit to the regulation of liquid crystal 70, take optical port 32 and transformational structure 41 setting can replace two polaroids and liquid crystal structure in the display panel of the prior art, it is seen then that it can theoretically make All light all projects (when L255 grayscale), therefore with the prior art (when incident light is natural light, since polaroid at least loses 50% natural light, and final light utilization efficiency Tr is about 5%) to compare, the light utilization efficiency of the display panel of the present embodiment is higher, It may actually be about 40%, so that the display brightness of the display panel can be improved.

Specifically, take optical port 32 that can be emitted the collimated rays of various angles, specific angle value is according to actually taking optical port 32 Parameter size and formation take 32 thin-film refractive index of optical port to carry out matched design, and taking 32 width of optical port is preferably 6 μm -20 μm.It is preferred that , taking optical port 32 can be optical grating construction.

Preferably, transformational structure 41 is half wave plate, which is preferably 3.5 μm -25 μm, Thickness carries out matched design according to lambda1-wavelength and deviation angle.

Preferably, each sub-pixel also has third region 50, is equipped in third region 50 and comes from the secondth area for absorbing Domain 40, the absorbing structure 51 of light that is totally reflected between first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20.

Wherein, that is to say, that in natural light always not at the second substrate 20 occur refraction and not as display light light It is all absorbed the absorption of structure 51, this part light can be considered as the noise light of the display panel.

The noise light absorption of display panel can avoid influence of the noise light to display performance, such as occurs by absorbing structure 51 Light leakage phenomena etc., to guarantee the display performance of display panel.

Specifically, absorbing structure 51 is set to the first substrate 10 in third region 50 close to the side of liquid crystal.Preferably, it absorbs Structure 51 can be black matrix (BM).

Wherein, the light that absorbing structure 51 absorbs can be divided into two classes, the first kind: the not shape of liquid crystal 70 when no-voltage in liquid crystal 70 When at the first liquid crystal lens and the second liquid crystal lens, come ask for the natural light of optical port 32 first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 it Between occur multiple total reflection after be finally absorbed structure 51 absorption；Second class: when gray scale regulation unit forms the first liquid crystal lens When with the second liquid crystal lens, in second area 40, do not reflected in the second substrate 20 by what the second liquid crystal lens projected First polarised light is absorbed the absorption of structure 51 after reflecting at the second substrate 20.

Preferably, gray scale regulation unit includes: public electrode 61；First electrode 62 is located in first area 30, common electrical Pole 61 and first electrode 62 are for regulating and controlling the liquid crystal deflection angle of first area 30 to form the first liquid crystal lens；Second electrode 63, be located in second area 40, public electrode 61 and second electrode 63 for regulate and control the liquid crystal deflection angle of second area 40 with Form the second liquid crystal lens.

Wherein, that is to say, that in first area 30 and second area 40, adjust separately first electrode 62 and second electrode 63 voltage forms the first liquid crystal lens positioned at first area 30 and the second liquid crystal lens positioned at second area 40.

Specifically, public electrode 61 is set to the second substrate 20 close to 70 side of liquid crystal, first electrode 62 and second electrode 63 Set on first substrate 10 close to 70 side of liquid crystal.

That is, 70 two sides of liquid crystal can be respectively arranged on for public electrode 61 and first electrode 62, second electrode 63, with than More conveniently form electric field.

Specifically, the first liquid crystal lens and the second liquid crystal lens are prism structure, or by the setting of public electrode 61 the One electrode 62 and second electrode 63 make the first liquid crystal lens and the second liquid crystal lens form optical grating construction far from the side of liquid crystal 70. Wherein the formation of prism structure or optical grating construction is also the voltage by adjusting first electrode 62 and second electrode 63.

Further, first electrode 62 includes multiple first sub-electrodes, is being parallel to first substrate 10 and from first area 30 are directed toward on the direction of second area 40, and multiple first sub-electrodes are arranged successively；Second electrode 63 includes multiple second sub electrodes, Be parallel to first substrate 10 and from first area 30 be directed toward second area 40 direction on, multiple second sub electrodes are successively arranged Column.

Wherein, that is to say, that by the voltage (voltage of the first different sub-electrodes for adjusting separately multiple first sub-electrodes May be different), to form the first liquid crystal lens of various required structures, similarly, by adjusting the voltage of multiple second sub electrodes (voltage of different second sub electrodes may be different), to form the second liquid crystal lens.

For example, as shown in figure 4, the first sub-electrode be four, and its voltage be according to this voltage 0.2V, 1.9V, 3.5V, 5.4V, and the voltage of public electrode 61 is 0V.It should be noted that when public electrode 61 and first electrode 62 are 0V, liquid crystal 70 in the raw, to will not change the polarization direction or the direction of propagation of natural light.Preferably, multiple first sub-electrodes Width and be 7.5 μm -40 μm, i.e., the width of the first liquid crystal lens is 7.5 μm -40 μm, and the width of multiple first sub-electrodes With not less than taking the width of optical port 32；And the width of each the first sub-electrode is preferably 1.5 μm -6.0 μm.For the second son electricity Pole similarly, is not described in detail.

Wherein, it forms first electrode 62 and the material of second electrode 63 can be tin indium oxide (ITO).

In addition, first substrate 10 can be array substrate, for regulating and controlling the other structures of unit or display panel to gray scale Electric signal is provided；The second substrate 20 can be color membrane substrates (CF) or quantum dot substrate (QD), for adjusting each sub-pixel list The color of member.

Specifically, the display device can for liquid crystal display panel, Electronic Paper, mobile phone, tablet computer, television set, display, Any products or components having a display function such as laptop, Digital Frame, navigator.

It should be noted that herein, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that There is also other identical elements in process, method, article or equipment including element.

It is as described above according to the embodiment of the present invention, these embodiments details all there is no detailed descriptionthe, also not Limiting the invention is only the specific embodiment.Obviously, as described above, can make many modifications and variations.This explanation These embodiments are chosen and specifically described to book, is principle and practical application in order to better explain the present invention, thus belonging to making Technical field technical staff can be used using modification of the invention and on the basis of the present invention well.The present invention is only by right The limitation of claim and its full scope and equivalent.