CN110210120A - Railway engineering automation modeling method based on parametrization - Google Patents

基于参数化的铁路工程自动化建模方法，属于建筑工程的建模技术领域。具体涉及到获取环境信息数据以及维模型数据，汇总于EXCEL，导入云平台，根据平台数据，利用C语言程序编写revit可识别文件然后利用revit自动读取并且生成BIM模型，然后可利用visworks软件进行碰撞检查，以纠正模型，克服传统建模周期长、成本高，不具备空间属性，而且共享性差，庞大的数据无法在一般设备上流畅运行，不适用于大批量快速建模的工程的缺点。达到一键快速批量建模目的。A parametric-based automatic modeling method for railway engineering belongs to the modeling technology field of construction engineering. It specifically involves obtaining environmental information data and dimensional model data, summarizing them in EXCEL, importing them into the cloud platform, and using C language program to write revit identifiable files according to the platform data, then using revit to automatically read and generate BIM models, and then using visworks software Collision check is used to correct the model, which overcomes the disadvantages of long traditional modeling cycle, high cost, lack of spatial attributes, poor sharing, huge data cannot run smoothly on general equipment, and is not suitable for large-scale and rapid modeling projects. Achieve the purpose of one-click fast batch modeling.

基于参数化的铁路工程自动化建模方法Modeling method of railway engineering automation based on parameterization

技术领域technical field

本发明主要为一种基于参数化的铁路自动化建模方法，属于建筑工程的建模技术领域。The invention mainly relates to a parameterization-based railway automatic modeling method, which belongs to the technical field of modeling of construction engineering.

背景技术Background technique

铁路工程项目呈线性分布，具有跨地域性、工程量庞大、施工复杂等特点，传统的二维方法不能准确地描述客观世界，为用户提供直观的展示，因此，三维技术引起广泛的关注。传统的三维建模方法主要采用人工建立精细的三维模型，虽然展示效果好，但建模周期长、成本高，不具备空间属性，而且共享性差，庞大的数据无法在一般设备上流畅运行，不适用于大批量快速建模的工程。因此，需要一种快速、批量、精准且有地理性的建模方法来构建三维场景，参数化三维建模技术逐渐成为研究热点。参数化三维建模技术的根本思想是用参数定义模型的各种几何特性，通过一定的公式和数学法则相互关联，调整相关参数，从而批量、快速构建三维模型。Railway engineering projects are linearly distributed, with the characteristics of cross-regional, huge engineering volume, and complex construction. The traditional two-dimensional method cannot accurately describe the objective world and provide users with an intuitive display. Therefore, three-dimensional technology has attracted widespread attention. The traditional 3D modeling method mainly uses manual construction of fine 3D models. Although the display effect is good, the modeling cycle is long, the cost is high, it does not have spatial attributes, and the sharing is poor. The huge data cannot be run smoothly on general equipment. It is suitable for large-volume rapid modeling projects. Therefore, a fast, batch, accurate and geographic modeling method is needed to construct 3D scenes, and parametric 3D modeling technology has gradually become a research hotspot. The fundamental idea of parametric 3D modeling technology is to use parameters to define various geometric characteristics of the model, correlate with each other through certain formulas and mathematical rules, and adjust relevant parameters to build 3D models in batches and quickly.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种快速、批量、精准且有地理性的具有三维场景的铁路工程自动化建模。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rapid, batch, accurate and geographic automatic modeling of railway engineering with three-dimensional scenes.

为实现上述目的本发明采用以下技术方案，基于参数化的铁路工程自动化建模方法，获取环境信息数据以及建立三维模型数据，汇总于EXCEL，导入云平台，根据平台数据，利用C语言程序编写revit可识别文件然后利用revit自动读取并且生成BIM模型，然后可利用visworks软件进行碰撞检查，以纠正模型。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions, based on the parameterized railway engineering automation modeling method, obtains environmental information data and establishes three-dimensional model data, summarizes in EXCEL, imports cloud platform, according to platform data, utilizes C language program to write revit The identifiable file is then automatically read and generated by Revit to generate a BIM model, and then Visworks software can be used for collision checking to correct the model.

铁路桥梁的梁体、墩身、承台、桩基等构件是按照一定的地理空间有规律地重复排列，构件参数可以定义各种几何特性。因此，可以选择参数驱动模型的方式建立三维场景，将所需参数提取出来到Excel表格并上传。整个由一张表自动化生成整个全路的模型。参数化建模从相似的模型中归纳出变化的几何特征，将其描述为可以控制的数学参数，进而通过设定不同的参数得到不同的几何模型。复杂的工程建筑模型一般采用组合建模的方式，将整个模型按照它所遵循的建筑规则，分解成一系列组件，复杂的组件可继续分解成更简单的构件(形成层次细节模型)，并用组合参数描述它们的排布、拼接。简单模型，只需要对参数进行计算，就可以得到模型的形状。The beam body, pier body, cap, pile foundation and other components of railway bridges are regularly and repeatedly arranged according to a certain geographical space, and the component parameters can define various geometric characteristics. Therefore, you can choose the parameter-driven model to build a 3D scene, extract the required parameters to an Excel table and upload it. The whole model of the whole road is automatically generated from one table. Parametric modeling summarizes the changing geometric features from similar models, describes them as mathematical parameters that can be controlled, and then obtains different geometric models by setting different parameters. Complicated engineering and building models generally adopt the method of combined modeling, which decomposes the entire model into a series of components according to the building rules it follows. Describe their arrangement and splicing. For simple models, the shape of the model can be obtained only by calculating the parameters.

进一步，本发明是在Autodesk Revit中进行BIM模型制作，具体包括以下步骤：Further, the present invention carries out BIM model making in Autodesk Revit, specifically comprises the following steps:

(1)根据勘探和设计资料，提取铁路工程特征值所对应的三维坐标以及BIM建模所需要的所有参数信息包括高度，宽度，结构层信息，定位，使用材料等等构建铁路沿线工程所需要的信息并保存在图表处理软件EXCe1中；(1) According to the survey and design data, extract the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the characteristic values of railway engineering and all the parameter information required for BIM modeling, including height, width, structural layer information, positioning, materials used, etc. The information is saved in the chart processing software EXCe1;

(2)在VisualStudio中按照Revit语法规则要求用C语言编程，读取上述EXCel中反映铁路工程特征值的数据，之后根据程序启动Revit，并将数据点首尾相连以在Revit中生成铁路中心线模型；(2) Program in C language in VisualStudio according to Revit grammar rules, read the above-mentioned EXCel data reflecting the characteristic value of railway engineering, then start Revit according to the program, and connect the data points end to end to generate the railway centerline model in Revit ;

(3)根据设计资料，沿铁路中心线模型每隔一段距离确定该处位置铁路横截面控制点的三维坐标，用C语言写入各横截面控制点，在此基础上生成横截面控制点所在位置铁路工程结构模型；(3) According to the design data, determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the control points of the railway cross-section at intervals along the railway centerline model, write each cross-section control point in C language, and generate the location of the cross-section control points on this basis Location railway engineering structure model;

(4)通过选取相应的铁路中心线和铁路横截面，继续在VisualStudio中用C语言编程以执行放样融合命令，生成完整的铁路结构模型。(4) By selecting the corresponding railway centerline and railway cross section, continue to program in C language in VisualStudio to execute the lofting fusion command to generate a complete railway structure model.

(5)在步骤(4)铁路结构模型基础上，依据勘探和设计资料，结合铁路工程特征值控制横截面中心点和相应的横截面形状，用C语言编程以生成铁路工程结构；(5) On the basis of step (4) railway structure model, according to exploration and design data, in conjunction with railway engineering eigenvalue control cross-section central point and corresponding cross-sectional shape, use C language programming to generate railway engineering structure;

(6)确认铁路工程均准确无误即包括上部结构和下部结构均准确无误，然后合并步骤(2)-(5)C语言程序，运行并调试程序，生成完整的Revit铁路模型。(6) Confirm that the railway engineering is correct, that is, the superstructure and substructure are correct, and then merge steps (2)-(5) C language program, run and debug the program, and generate a complete Revit railway model.

步骤(1)中把待建设的铁路工程的整个模型分解成一些标准构件，例如桩，承台，墩，梁，然后把其中一些特征的参数提取出来，包括每个桩或者每个墩子几何结构、定位(其中的定位采用坐标定位，同时还结合实际的地理位置进行定位)、材质特征等，然后输入到整体的Excel表格中，然后上传，最终形成由一张表自动化生成整个全路的简略中心线模型。或者为了方便，将铁路面的上部结构和下部结构各生成一张表格即总计生成两张表格，分别进行。In step (1), the entire model of the railway project to be constructed is decomposed into some standard components, such as piles, caps, piers, and beams, and then some characteristic parameters are extracted, including the geometric structure of each pile or each pier , positioning (the positioning uses coordinate positioning, and at the same time combined with the actual geographical location for positioning), material characteristics, etc., and then input it into the overall Excel table, and then upload it, and finally form a simple table that automatically generates the entire road Centerline model. Or for convenience, generate a table for the upper structure and the lower structure of the railway surface, that is, generate two tables in total, and perform them separately.

对于复杂的工程建筑模型一般采用组合建模的方式，将整个模型按照它所遵循的建筑标准，分解成一系列组件，复杂的组件可继续分解成更简单的构件，形成层次细节模型，并用组合参数描述它们的排布、拼接等。而对于简单模型，只需要对参数进行计算，就可以得到模型的形状。For complex engineering and building models, the combination modeling method is generally used, and the entire model is decomposed into a series of components according to the building standards it follows. Describe their arrangement, splicing, etc. For simple models, only the parameters need to be calculated to obtain the shape of the model.

铁路工程自动化的建模过程为了提高模型重现的精度，但各个结构之间的碰撞现象仍不可避免，为了模型的正确还原，本发明还利用Autodesk Navisworks软件进行碰撞检查，通过碰撞检查报告结果纠正模型。将Revit中的模型以.nwc格式导入Navisworks软件中进行进一步检查协调，完善模型架构，进一步提高模型的准确性。In order to improve the accuracy of model reproduction in the modeling process of railway engineering automation, the collision phenomenon between various structures is still unavoidable. In order to restore the model correctly, the present invention also uses Autodesk Navisworks software for collision inspection, and corrects the results through the collision inspection report. Model. Import the model in Revit into Navisworks software in .nwc format for further inspection and coordination, improve the model structure, and further improve the accuracy of the model.

本发明将所得模型导入到相关部门的平台后，快速读取模型的构件统计数据和并写入施工信息数据，同时将建立工程信息数据库，方便后期随时调用和查看。铁路工程自动化建模平台可以基于航测或者网络地理信息服务提供的数据源进行地形信息的识别、处理、分析和三维可视化表达。将获取到的高程数据、影像资料在该BIM中进行处理后得到虚拟地形环境模型，再将遥感解译到的不良地质区域和虚拟地形环境进行匹配叠加，可在铁路数字化选线系统中建立真三维可视化的地质模型。The invention imports the obtained model into the platform of the relevant department, quickly reads the statistical data of the components of the model and writes the construction information data, and at the same time establishes a database of engineering information, which is convenient for calling and checking at any time later. The railway engineering automation modeling platform can identify, process, analyze and visualize terrain information based on data sources provided by aerial survey or network geographic information services. The acquired elevation data and image data are processed in the BIM to obtain a virtual terrain environment model, and then the unfavorable geological areas interpreted by remote sensing and the virtual terrain environment are matched and superimposed to establish a real railway line selection system. Geological models for 3D visualization.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为上部结构数据Excel表格节选段；Figure 1 is an excerpt from the Excel table of the superstructure data;

图2为下部结构数据Excel表格节选段。Figure 2 is an excerpt from the Excel table of the lower structure data.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合是会死了对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明并不限于以下实施例。Below in conjunction with the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

实施例1Example 1

基于参数化的铁路工程自动化建模方法，包括以下步骤：A parametric-based automatic modeling method for railway engineering, including the following steps:

(一)提取所需特征值及BIM参数化模型创建(1) Extraction of required eigenvalues and creation of BIM parametric model

铁路工程自动化建模以CAD数据作为数据基础，在Autodesk Revit中进行BIM模型制作，BIM建模的核心特征之一是模型参数化设计，整个模式为首先对铁路工程进行组件拆分与子类划分，形成建模的最小构件，采用参数化方法描述构件的几何、定位、材质特征，通过输入参数值获得形态迥异的构件实例。即把铁路工程的整个模型分解成一些标准构件，例如桩，承台，墩，梁。然后把其中一些特征的参数提取出来，对于上部结构数据的特征参数有桥名、墩号、定位墩号、起始墩号、终止墩号、起始里程、终止里程、梁体类型、跨越实体、计算跨径、孔跨类型、孔跨尺寸、梁体(特殊孔跨结构)、架梁工期(一览表)、运距、架梁时间平均计算(天)、孔跨数量、架梁工期(每片梁)、供应梁场，对于下部结构数据的特征参数有桥墩编号、桩号、x的坐标、y的坐标、相对x位置、桥墩类型、墩顶顺桥向长度、墩顶横桥向长度、墩高、承台顺桥向长、承台横桥向长、承台厚度、桩基类型、桩长、承台底标高、承台顶标高，然后输入到整体的Excel表(按照所需的格式，如相同的信息在一列等)，然后上传，最终形成由一张表自动化生成整个全路的模型。本发明在导入Revit后，可以快速读取模型的构件统计数据和写入施工信息数据，同时将建立工程信息数据库，方便后期随时调用和查看，即为从相似的模型中归纳出变化的几何特征，将其描述为可以控制的数学参数，进而通过设定不同的参数得到不同的几何模型。复杂的工程建筑模型一般采用组合建模的方式，将整个模型按照它所遵循的建筑标准，分解成一系列组件，复杂的组件可继续分解成更简单的构件(形成层次细节模型)，并用组合参数描述它们的排布、拼接。简单模型，只需要对参数进行计算，就可以得到模型的形状。通过利用铁路工程数字化设计成果，开发BIM模型设计插件，可实现铁路站场信息模型的高效快速构建。详细措施如下：Automated modeling of railway engineering uses CAD data as the data basis, and BIM model is produced in Autodesk Revit. One of the core features of BIM modeling is model parametric design. , form the smallest component of modeling, use parametric method to describe the geometric, positioning, and material characteristics of the component, and obtain component instances with different shapes by inputting parameter values. That is to decompose the entire model of railway engineering into some standard components, such as piles, caps, piers, and beams. Then extract the parameters of some of the characteristics. For the characteristic parameters of the superstructure data, there are bridge name, pier number, positioning pier number, starting pier number, ending pier number, starting mileage, ending mileage, beam type, spanning entity , calculation span, span type, span size, beam body (special span structure), beam erection period (list), transport distance, average calculation of beam erection time (days), number of spans, and beam erection period (every Sheet girder), supply beam field, the characteristic parameters of substructure data include pier number, pile number, x coordinate, y coordinate, relative x position, pier type, pier top along bridge length, pier top cross bridge length , pier height, cap length along the bridge, cap cap cross-bridge length, cap thickness, pile foundation type, pile length, cap bottom elevation, cap top elevation, and then input to the overall Excel table (according to the required format, such as the same information in one column, etc.), and then upload it, and finally form a model that automatically generates the entire channel from one table. After the present invention is imported into Revit, it can quickly read the statistical data of the components of the model and write the construction information data. At the same time, it will establish a database of engineering information, which is convenient for calling and viewing at any time later, that is, to summarize the changed geometric features from similar models. , which is described as a controllable mathematical parameter, and then different geometric models can be obtained by setting different parameters. Complicated engineering and building models generally adopt a combination modeling method, which decomposes the entire model into a series of components according to the building standards it follows. Describe their arrangement and splicing. For simple models, the shape of the model can be obtained only by calculating the parameters. By using the digital design results of railway engineering and developing BIM model design plug-ins, the efficient and rapid construction of railway station information models can be realized. The detailed measures are as follows:

(1)根据勘探和设计资料，提取铁路工程特征值所对应的三维坐标以及BIM建模所需要的所有参数信息包括高度，宽度，结构层信息，定位，使用材料等等构建铁路沿线工程所需要的信息并保存在图表处理软件EXCe1中。(1) According to the survey and design data, extract the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the characteristic values of railway engineering and all the parameter information required for BIM modeling, including height, width, structural layer information, positioning, materials used, etc. The information is saved in the chart processing software EXCe1.

(2)在VisualStudio中按照Revit语法规则要求用C语言编程，读取上述EXCel中反映铁路工程特征值的数据，之后根据程序启动Revit，并将数据点首尾相连以在Revit中生成铁路中心线模型。(2) Program in C language in VisualStudio according to Revit grammar rules, read the above-mentioned EXCel data reflecting the characteristic value of railway engineering, then start Revit according to the program, and connect the data points end to end to generate the railway centerline model in Revit .

(3)根据设计资料，沿铁路中心线模型每隔一定距离确定该处位置铁路横截面控制点的三维坐标，用C语言写入各横截面控制点，在此基础上生成横截面控制点所在位置铁路工程结构模型。(3) According to the design data, determine the three-dimensional coordinates of the railway cross-section control points at certain distances along the railway centerline model, write each cross-section control point in C language, and generate the location of the cross-section control points on this basis Location railroad engineering structural model.

(4)通过选取相应的铁路中心线和铁路横截面，继续在VisualStudio中用C语言编程以执行放样融合命令，生成完整的铁路结构模型。(4) By selecting the corresponding railway centerline and railway cross section, continue to program in C language in VisualStudio to execute the lofting fusion command to generate a complete railway structure model.

(5)在步骤(4)铁路结构模型基础上，依据勘探和设计资料，结合铁路工程特征值控制横截面中心点和相应的横截面形状，用C语言编程以生成铁路工程结构。(5) On the basis of the railway structure model in step (4), according to the exploration and design data, combined with the railway engineering eigenvalues to control the cross-section center point and the corresponding cross-section shape, use C language programming to generate the railway engineering structure.

(6)确认铁路工程均准确无误即包括上部结构和下部结构均准确无误，然后合并步骤2-5C语言程序，运行并调试程序，生成完整的Revit铁路模型。(6) Confirm that the railway engineering is correct, that is, including the superstructure and substructure are correct, and then merge steps 2-5C language program, run and debug the program, and generate a complete Revit railway model.

(二)检查检核模型(2) Check and check model

铁路工程自动化的建模过程提高了模型重现的精度，但各个结构之间的碰撞现象仍不可避免，为了模型的正确还原，本文研究利用Autodesk Navisworks软件进行碰撞检查，通过碰撞检查报告结果纠正模型。目前，广泛使用的方法是将Revit中的模型以.nwc格式导入Navisworks软件中进行进一步检查协调，完善模型架构,进一步提高模型的准确性。The automatic modeling process of railway engineering improves the accuracy of model reproduction, but the collision phenomenon between various structures is still inevitable. In order to restore the model correctly, this paper uses Autodesk Navisworks software for collision inspection, and corrects the model through the collision inspection report results. . At present, the widely used method is to import the model in Revit into Navisworks software in .nwc format for further inspection and coordination, improve the model structure, and further improve the accuracy of the model.

上述内容详细的介绍了本发明的基本原理，主要优点和长处。本行业人员应该了解到本发明不受上述的制作及实施方式的限制，在不脱离本发明的设计思路及结构基本特点的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求的保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。The foregoing has described in detail the basic principles, main advantages and strengths of the present invention. Those in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned production and implementation methods, and that the present invention will have various changes and improvements without departing from the design ideas and basic structural features of the present invention. fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection required by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.