CN110308498A - Meteorological Observation System and method based near space dirigible - Google Patents

Meteorological observation system and method based on near space airship

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of meteorological observation, in particular to a meteorological observation system and a method based on an airship in a near space.

Background

The meteorological observation information and data are the basis for developing weather early warning forecast, weather prediction forecast, various meteorological services and scientific research, and are the prime power for promoting the development of meteorological science. The meteorological observation system plays an important role in multiple fields such as disaster prevention and reduction, climate change response, weather forecast prediction accuracy improvement, refinement level, atmospheric science research and the like.

The existing meteorological observation system mainly comprises a ground observation station, a meteorological radar system and other ground systems, a stationary orbit, polar orbit meteorological satellite and other space-based systems, and an airborne Doppler radar and a downward-projecting sounding air-based system. However, the "foundation" system has a small observation range, short early warning time and discontinuous observation; the space-based system essentially adopts an indirect detection method, is difficult to obtain quantitative observation data, and cannot ensure the continuity of observation; the 'space-based' observation equipment has high cost and long research and development period, has certain observation risk in a complex meteorological environment, is limited in 'space-based' endurance capacity, has short dead time and limited observation time, and is difficult to meet the requirements of meteorological observation.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a meteorological observation system and a method based on an airship in a near space so as to overcome the technical problem that the conventional meteorological observation system is difficult to meet the meteorological observation requirement.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a meteorological observation system based on an airship in a near space, including: the system comprises a boat-mounted flight control computer, a boat-mounted carrier gas image observation radar and a ground data center, wherein the boat-mounted flight control computer and the boat-mounted carrier gas image observation radar are carried on an airship; the airship is communicated with the ground data center through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link; wherein,

the airship flight control computer is used for controlling the flight of the airship according to a preset flight mode so as to enable the airship to approach a target area;

the ship carrier-image observation radar is used for acquiring meteorological data of a target area when an airship approaches the target area and transmitting the meteorological data to the ground data center in real time through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link;

and the ground data center is used for acquiring meteorological data of the target area from an airship in real time through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link and carrying out deduction and inversion of the atmospheric state of the target area according to the meteorological data of the target area.

In a possible implementation manner, in the meteorological observation system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the preset flight mode is a fixed-point airborne mode;

the airship-mounted flight control computer is specifically used for controlling the flight of the airship according to a fixed-point airborne mode, so that the airship can control the airship to stably stay in a target area.

In a possible implementation manner, in the meteorological observation system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the preset flight mode is a remote control mode;

the on-board flight control computer is specifically used for controlling the flight of the airship according to a remote control mode, so that the airship can approach a target area according to a flight path input by ground control personnel.

In a possible implementation manner, in the above meteorological observation system provided in an embodiment of the present application, the airborne weather observation radar includes: the antenna extension, the channel extension and the acquisition processing unit are connected in sequence; wherein,

the antenna extension is used for transmitting electromagnetic waves to a target area to acquire echo signals when the airship approaches the target area, and sending the echo signals to the channel extension so that the channel extension can correspondingly process the echo signals;

and the acquisition processing unit is used for acquiring the echo signals processed by the channel extension set to generate meteorological data of the target area, and transmitting the meteorological data to the ground data center in real time through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link.

In a possible implementation manner, in the above meteorological observation system provided in an embodiment of the present application, the airborne weather observation radar further includes: an attenuation correction unit;

and the attenuation correction unit is used for carrying out attenuation correction on the electromagnetic waves transmitted by the antenna extension set if the electromagnetic waves need to pass through a typhoon area.

In a possible implementation manner, in the above meteorological observation system provided in an embodiment of the present application, the ground data center includes: the device comprises a receiving control unit, a storage display unit and an analysis unit; wherein,

the receiving control unit is used for acquiring meteorological data of the target area from an airship in real time through an beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link and sending the meteorological data to the storage display unit;

the storage display unit is used for reading, storing and displaying the meteorological data of the target area;

and the analysis unit is used for deducing and inverting the atmospheric state of the target area according to the meteorological data of the target area.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a meteorological observation method based on an airship in an adjacent space, including:

the airship flight control computer controls the flight of the airship according to a preset flight mode so that the airship can approach a target area;

when the airship approaches the target area, acquiring meteorological data of the target area by using an airship carrier meteorological observation radar, and transmitting the meteorological data to a ground data center in real time through an beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link;

and the ground data center obtains meteorological data of the target area from an airship in real time through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link, and deduces and inverts the atmospheric state of the target area according to the meteorological data of the target area.

In a possible implementation manner, in the meteorological observation method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the preset flight mode is a fixed-point airborne mode;

the on-board flight control computer controls the flight of the airship according to a preset flight mode so that the airship approaches a target area, and the method comprises the following steps:

and the airship-carried flight control computer controls the flight of the airship according to the fixed-point airborne mode so that the airship can control the airship to stably stay in the target area.

In a possible implementation manner, in the meteorological observation method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the preset flight mode is a remote control mode;

the on-board flight control computer controls the flight of the airship according to a preset flight mode so that the airship approaches a target area, and the method comprises the following steps:

the on-board flight control computer controls the flight of the airship according to a remote control mode, so that the airship approaches the target area according to the flight path input by the ground control personnel.

In a possible implementation manner, in the meteorological observation method provided in this embodiment of the present application, when the airship approaches the target area, the airborne meteorological observation radar acquires meteorological data of the target area, and transmits the meteorological data to the ground data center in real time through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link, including:

when the airship approaches to a target area, the ship carrier-gas image observation radar transmits electromagnetic waves to the target area to obtain echo signals, correspondingly processes the echo signals to generate meteorological data of the target area, and transmits the meteorological data to the ground data center in real time through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link.

The application provides a meteorological observation system and method based on near space airship, meteorological observation system includes: the system comprises an airship-mounted flight control computer and an airship-mounted airborne weather observation radar which are carried on an airship, and a ground data center. And the airship is communicated with the ground data center through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link. The airship flight control computer controls the flight of the airship according to a preset flight mode so that the airship can approach a target area. When the airship carrier-image observation radar is close to a target area, acquiring meteorological data of the target area, and transmitting the meteorological data to a ground data center in real time through an beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link. The ground data center carries out deduction and inversion of atmospheric state to the target area according to the meteorological data of the target area, and the meteorological observation system has the advantages of large effective observation range, long observation time, capability of direct observation in a short distance and the like due to the adoption of the near space airship, and can meet the requirements of meteorological observation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first schematic diagram of a meteorological observation system based on an airship in a near space according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a subsystem of an adjacent space airship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a first schematic diagram of a ship carrier-image observation radar provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a second schematic diagram of a ship carrier-image observation radar provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a second schematic diagram of a meteorological observation system based on an airship in a near space according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a meteorological observation method based on an adjacent space airship according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments.

Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.

This application carries on meteorological observation radar on approaching space airship, observes through meteorological observation radar low coverage and gathers meteorological information including cloud cover, cloud layer structure, precipitation, aerosol, wind field etc to handle through beyond visual range measurement and control link real-time transmission to ground data center, realized the meticulous observation of continuous real-time collection and wide area of meteorological information. The meteorological observation system and the method provided by the application are not restricted by a foundation, the airship can carry out meteorological observation on a blank marine area and a blank land unmanned area, quantitative observation data can be directly obtained, the observation mobility is strong, the observation data reliability and effectiveness are higher, long-time continuous observation can be carried out, the whole period from generation to extinction of certain atmospheric phenomena can be effectively observed under special conditions, the meteorological research is significant, the average use cost of observation equipment is low, the research and development period is short, and the operability is strong. Compared with the existing foundation, space-based and space-based detection methods, the system and the method provided by the invention have the advantages of large effective observation range, capability of direct observation in a short distance, long observation time and real-time data return.

As shown in fig. 1, a meteorological observation system based on an airship in a near space according to an embodiment of the present application includes: an on-board flight control computer 1 and an on-board weather observation radar 2, and a ground data center 3. The boat-mounted flight control computer 1 and the boat-mounted weather observation radar 2 are mounted on an airship (close space airship). The airship communicates with the ground data center 3 through an over-the-horizon measurement and control link.

The near space airship is a stratospheric airship and is combined with the airship carrier gas image observation radar to carry out meteorological observation, so that the reliability and stability of meteorological observation can be improved. The airship may include a bladder subsystem, a structural subsystem, an energy subsystem, an avionics subsystem, a propulsion subsystem, and a measurement and control subsystem. The specific system components are shown in fig. 2. The airship main body is a streamline bag body, and all the subsystem component equipment are directly installed on the airship bag body and the nacelle. The capsule subsystem is a semi-hard capsule with pressure maintaining and shape keeping functions and provides lifting buoyancy for the airship. The structure subsystem is a bearing platform of an avionics subsystem, an energy subsystem and the like. The energy subsystem mainly comprises a power module, a voltage conversion module and the like and provides electric energy for other equipment. The avionics subsystem mainly comprises an on-board flight control computer, modules for navigation, management, environment and state measurement and the like, and mainly provides functions of measurement and control, navigation positioning, parameter measurement, data acquisition, flight control, emergency control and the like according to platform test requirements. The propulsion subsystem is mainly an electric propulsion propeller and provides forward flight and steering power for the flight control of the platform. The measurement and control subsystem mainly comprises an over-the-horizon communication link for airborne and ground communication, the uplink and downlink data transmission rates are both greater than 12.8kbps, the composite data transmission rate is greater than 2Mbps, and a data transmission link for controlling and observing loads of the airship is provided.

The on-board flight control computer 1 controls the flight of the airship according to a preset flight mode so that the airship approaches the target area, wherein the preset flight mode comprises a fixed-point sky-parking mode and a remote control mode. When the mode is a fixed-point air parking mode, the airship controls the airship to stably park in a target area; when in the remote control mode, the airship approaches the target area according to the flight path input by the ground control personnel. In practical application, an airship is used for meteorological observation, and the used flight mode needs to be adapted to meteorological observation requirements. For example, meteorological data of a longitudinal atmospheric profile in a certain point area needs to be acquired, then the flight mode of the airship can be set to be a fixed-point parking mode, and in this mode, the flight control system of the airship can control the airship to stably stay in a certain area, so that an observation task is realized by controlling a meteorological observation radar; when some specific atmospheric phenomena (atmospheric circulation, hurricane and the like) need to be tracked, observed and collected, the flight mode of the airship needs to be set to be a remote control mode, and in the mode, ground control personnel input a flight route to control the airship to fly according to the flight route to complete an observation task.

In practical application, when an airship in an adjacent space plans a flight path, firstly, the longitude and latitude of the current position of the airship are required to be determined and used as a reference coordinate of the flight path of the airship, then, a typical coordinate point on the expected flight path is selected, the longitude and latitude of the typical coordinate point are extracted and used as the route path coordinate, the smaller the difference value of the longitude and latitude of the coordinate of the adjacent point is, the closer the flight trajectory is to the expected value, but the smaller the difference value is, the more the flight trajectory is affected by the maneuverability of the airship, the curvature of a generally designed flight curve is relatively smooth, the requirement of the minimum turning radius of the airship is met, and the obvious deviation of. The ground control personnel of the airship have at least 2 persons, wherein one person monitors the self state of the airship in real time, such as whether an energy subsystem is abnormal, whether each avionic data index is correctly returned, whether a communication link works normally and the like, and if the state of the airship is abnormal, faults are timely checked, appropriate treatment measures are taken, and even the test is stopped for emergency landing. The other one of the two methods is responsible for switching flight modes, executing flight control instructions, planning flight routes, executing meteorological observation radar control instructions and the like so as to ensure that a meteorological observation test is carried out smoothly.

The boat carrier-gas image observation radar 2 is used for acquiring meteorological data of a target area when an airship approaches the target area. The ship carrier image observation radar 2 is used as a main loading system of an airship, and the speed of scattering particles in the atmosphere relative to the radar is measured by detecting the attenuation, scattering and refraction conditions of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the boat-mounted weather observation radar 2 includes: an antenna extension 21, a channel extension 22 and an acquisition processing unit 23 which are connected in sequence; wherein,

the antenna extension 21 is configured to transmit electromagnetic waves to a target area when the airship approaches the target area, acquire echo signals, and send the echo signals to the channel extension, so that the channel extension 22 performs corresponding processing on the echo signals. The acquisition processing unit 23 is configured to acquire the echo signals processed by the channel extension 22 to generate meteorological data of the target area, and send the meteorological data to the airborne flight control computer 1, and after the meteorological data enters the airborne flight control computer 1, perform preprocessing, that is, to process noise generated by the radar during observation and having discontinuous spatial distribution and irregularity and a jump in speed value, while keeping effective information, remove noise superimposed on the data as much as possible, and complement the missing original data points. The shipborne flight control computer 1 forms the preprocessed meteorological data into a data frame according to a preset agreed format and transmits the data frame to the ground data center through a downlink.

In the observation process of the boat carrier-gas image observation radar 2, since the intensity of the electromagnetic wave is attenuated when the electromagnetic wave passes through a typhoon area, which causes a serious error in the quantitative estimation of cloud and rain, attenuation correction must be performed to obtain the reflection intensity of a real meteorological target, and therefore, preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the boat carrier-gas image observation radar 2 further includes: a fading correction unit 24. The attenuation correction unit 24 is used for performing attenuation correction on the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna extension if the electromagnetic wave needs to pass through a typhoon area.

In practical application, after the airship carries the meteorological observation radar to lift off and fly to a preset position, the meteorological observation task is executed. Ground control personnel send meteorological observation instructions to the ground data center, the instructions are uploaded to an airborne computer through an airship communication link, the airborne computer sends observation instructions to a radar excitation unit, and a meteorological observation radar executes meteorological data observation tasks and returns a meteorological observation radar working state frame to the ground data center. A plurality of working modes are specified in the working process of the meteorological observation radar and respectively correspond to different application scenes. And when a specific task is executed, sending a corresponding control instruction to control the meteorological observation radar to work according to a corresponding working mode. For example, a VCP21 (scanning method for 9 specific elevation angles within 6 minutes) mode is adopted in sunny days, and a VCP31 (scanning method for 5 specific elevation angles within 10 minutes) mode is adopted in rainfall days.

The ground data center 3 is used for acquiring meteorological data of the target area from an airship in real time through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link, and performing deduction and inversion of atmospheric conditions on the target area according to the meteorological data of the target area, so that information such as atmospheric wind fields, distribution of airflow vertical speeds, turbulence conditions and the like is inverted under certain conditions.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the ground data center 3 includes: a reception control unit 31, a storage display unit 32, and an analysis unit 33. The receiving control unit 31 is configured to obtain meteorological data of the target area from an airship in real time through an over-the-horizon measurement and control link, and send the meteorological data to the storage display unit. The storage and display unit 32 is used for reading, storing and displaying the meteorological data of the target area. The analysis unit 33 is used for performing atmospheric state deduction and inversion on the target area according to the meteorological data of the target area.

In practical application, when common meteorological targets such as precipitation, thunderstorms, hail, haze and the like are observed, the airship can be controlled to be close to the optimal observation direction of the meteorological targets and to be resident or cruise in an area, the meteorological targets are observed through a meteorological observation radar, echo signals are collected and characteristics are analyzed, the distance, the direction and the elevation angle of the observation targets are determined, and the atmospheric state deduction and inversion are carried out through a ground data center. It is also applicable to observation of disaster weather, such as atmospheric circulation and hurricanes. The airship can be controlled to ascend to a specified height and then to be close to an observation target. Information of an observation target is collected through a meteorological observation radar, characteristic information of the observation target is obtained through processing in ground data, and then an airship flight route is designed and uploaded to an airborne flight control computer to control the airship to continuously track and observe the meteorological target.

The meteorological observation system that this embodiment provided, owing to adopt near space airship, consequently have and observe advantages such as effective range is big, observation time is long, can closely direct observation, can satisfy meteorological observation's requirement.

As shown in fig. 6, an embodiment of the present application further provides a meteorological observation method based on an adjacent space airship, including the following steps:

s601, controlling the flight of the airship by the onboard flight control computer according to a preset flight mode so that the airship can approach a target area.

And S602, when the airship approaches the target area, acquiring meteorological data of the target area by the airborne meteorological observation radar of the airship, and transmitting the meteorological data to the ground data center in real time through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link.

S603, the ground data center obtains meteorological data of the target area from an airship in real time through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link, and deduces and inverts the atmospheric state of the target area according to the meteorological data of the target area.

Further, the preset flight mode is a fixed-point airborne mode; step S601 specifically includes: and the airship-carried flight control computer controls the flight of the airship according to the fixed-point airborne mode so that the airship can control the airship to stably stay in the target area.

Further, the preset flight mode is a remote control mode; step S601 specifically includes: the on-board flight control computer controls the flight of the airship according to a remote control mode, so that the airship approaches the target area according to the flight path input by the ground control personnel. .

Further, step S602 specifically includes: when the airship approaches to a target area, the ship carrier-gas image observation radar transmits electromagnetic waves to the target area to obtain echo signals, correspondingly processes the echo signals to generate meteorological data of the target area, and transmits the meteorological data to the ground data center in real time through the beyond-the-horizon measurement and control link.

Further, the method further comprises: and if the electromagnetic waves emitted by the ship carrier meteorological observation radar need to pass through a typhoon area, carrying out attenuation correction on the electromagnetic waves.

The above description of the embodiments of the system side is applicable to the embodiments of the method, and is not repeated here.

The meteorological observation method provided by the embodiment has the advantages of large effective observation range, long observation time, capability of direct observation in a short distance and the like due to the adoption of the near space airship, and can meet the requirements of meteorological observation.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present application have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the application to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the present application and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the present application and various alternatives and modifications thereof. It is intended that the scope of the application be defined by the claims and their equivalents.