CN110336274B - Virtual power plant operation method with additional virtual power plant regulator - Google Patents

The invention relates to a virtual power plant operation method with an additional virtual power plant regulator, which comprises the steps of uploading predicted power generation, power consumption and equipment information to a cloud computing platform for operation planning in the future, and transmitting a planning result to a virtual power plant control center for execution; secondly, the supervision cost is counted into the total operation cost, and the competitive bidding economic advantage of the virtual power plant is improved; then, load transfer is carried out on the difference between the actual generating capacity, the electricity consumption and the predicted value in the actual operation process through a virtual power plant regulator, so that the supervision cost of the virtual power plant is reduced; and finally, operating the virtual power plant regulator as a virtual synchronous machine to improve the power quality of the virtual power plant. The method can effectively improve the economic operation benefit of the virtual power plant, increase the operation stability of the virtual power plant, improve the quality of electric energy, exert the functions of the virtual power plant (transmitting high-quality electric energy and adjusting the peak-valley difference of the load of a power grid) and provide method guidance for the design of the virtual power plant in the future electric power market.

增设虚拟电厂调节器的虚拟电厂运行方法Virtual power plant operation method with additional virtual power plant regulator

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种虚拟电厂运行技术，特别涉及一种增设虚拟电厂调节器的虚拟电厂运行方法。The invention relates to a virtual power plant operating technology, in particular to a virtual power plant operating method with a virtual power plant regulator added.

背景技术Background technique

由于分布式可再生能源具有不确定性，影响供电可靠性和电能质量；在大规模并入大电网时对其产生波动，虚拟电厂通过先进的通讯系统，聚合并调度大量的分布式能源，成为现今解决分布式能源利用的可靠方式，所以对虚拟电厂的优化问题成为许多文献关注的焦点。通过预测进行日前规划调度，以提高虚拟电厂并网的电能质量，并利用通信技术对电网进行日前调控和实时调度。在电网不断完善的同时带动了电力市场的革新，使虚拟电厂通过日前预测进行日前投标成为可能。Due to the uncertainty of distributed renewable energy, it affects the reliability of power supply and power quality; when it is integrated into the large power grid on a large scale, it will fluctuate. The virtual power plant aggregates and dispatches a large number of distributed energy through advanced communication systems, becoming Nowadays, it is a reliable way to solve distributed energy utilization, so the optimization problem of virtual power plant has become the focus of many literatures. The day-ahead planning and scheduling is carried out through forecasting to improve the power quality of virtual power plants connected to the grid, and the day-ahead regulation and real-time scheduling of the power grid are carried out using communication technology. The continuous improvement of the power grid has led to the innovation of the power market, making it possible for virtual power plants to conduct day-ahead bidding through day-ahead forecasting.

虚拟电厂中分布式可再生能源并网质量差，以及统一调配难度大、损害单用户的利益最大化问题，是虚拟电厂运行迫切解决的问题。The poor grid-connected quality of distributed renewable energy in virtual power plants, the difficulty of unified deployment, and the problem of maximizing the interests of single users are urgent problems to be solved in the operation of virtual power plants.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明是针对虚拟电厂并网的优化调度的问题，提出了一种增设虚拟电厂调节器的虚拟电厂运行方法，首先将日前预测的发电、用电量以及设备信息上传至云计算平台进行日前的运行规划，并将规划结果传送至虚拟电厂控制中心进行执行；其次将监管成本计入总运行成本，提高虚拟电厂的竞标经济性优势；然后对实际运行过程中实际发电量、用电量与预测值之间的差别通过虚拟电厂调节器进行负荷转移，以降低虚拟电厂的监管成本；最后将虚拟电厂调节器作为虚拟同步机运行，以提高虚拟电厂的电能质量。The present invention is aimed at the problem of optimal scheduling of virtual power plants connected to the grid, and proposes a virtual power plant operation method that adds a virtual power plant regulator. Operation planning, and the planning results are transmitted to the virtual power plant control center for execution; secondly, the supervision cost is included in the total operating cost to improve the bidding economic advantages of the virtual power plant; and then the actual power generation, power consumption and forecast during the actual operation The difference between the values is transferred through the virtual power plant regulator to reduce the supervision cost of the virtual power plant; finally, the virtual power plant regulator is operated as a virtual synchronous machine to improve the power quality of the virtual power plant.

本发明的技术方案为：一种增设虚拟电厂调节器的虚拟电厂运行方法，具体包括如下步骤：The technical solution of the present invention is: a virtual power plant operation method for adding a virtual power plant regulator, which specifically includes the following steps:

1)根据虚拟电厂内部分布式能源的发电、用电、储能的设备信息以及历史记录，建立虚拟电厂信息模型，虚拟电厂信息模型包括虚拟电厂内部分布式能源和虚拟电厂调节器，虚拟电厂信息模型并将其传送至云计算平台；1) Establish a virtual power plant information model based on the equipment information and historical records of distributed energy generation, power consumption, and energy storage within the virtual power plant. model and transfer it to the cloud computing platform;

2)规划设备运行维护成本、实时电价信息建立虚拟电厂运行成本模型，设备运行维护成本包括设备运行成本和监管成本；建立高斯分布函数的虚拟电厂风险评估模型，将风险成本计入虚拟电厂总成本；2) Plan equipment operation and maintenance costs and real-time electricity price information to establish a virtual power plant operation cost model. Equipment operation and maintenance costs include equipment operation costs and supervision costs; establish a virtual power plant risk assessment model with a Gaussian distribution function, and include risk costs into the total cost of the virtual power plant ;

3)云计算平台将虚拟电厂信息进行整合，配合次日天气、节假日信息送入步骤1)中虚拟电厂信息模型，结合步骤2)的虚拟电厂运行成本模型和虚拟电厂风险评估模型，进行日前的虚拟电厂最优经济规划，并将规划结果传回虚拟电厂控制中心进行调度；3) The cloud computing platform integrates the information of the virtual power plant, and sends it into the information model of the virtual power plant in step 1) in conjunction with the weather and holiday information of the next day, and combines the operating cost model of the virtual power plant and the risk assessment model of the virtual power plant in step 2). The optimal economic planning of the virtual power plant, and the planning results are sent back to the control center of the virtual power plant for scheduling;

4)、在实际运行中，虚拟电厂调节器对实际运行量与预测值之间的偏差进行调节，并可作为虚拟同步机提高电能质量。4) In actual operation, the virtual power plant regulator adjusts the deviation between the actual operating volume and the predicted value, and can be used as a virtual synchronous machine to improve power quality.

所述步骤1)虚拟电厂信息模型中包括光伏、风机、储能、虚拟电厂调节器运行模型、虚拟电厂成本模型以及虚拟电厂运行约束；虚拟电厂成本模型包括虚拟电厂日前预测成本、虚拟电厂监管成本以及虚拟电厂调节器运行成本；运行约束包括功率约束、电储充放电约束、爬坡约束。The step 1) virtual power plant information model includes photovoltaic, wind turbine, energy storage, virtual power plant regulator operation model, virtual power plant cost model and virtual power plant operation constraints; virtual power plant cost model includes virtual power plant forecast cost, virtual power plant supervision cost And the operating cost of the virtual power plant regulator; the operating constraints include power constraints, electric storage charge and discharge constraints, and ramp constraints.

所述步骤1)建立虚拟电厂调节器作为虚拟同步机运行模型，虚拟电厂调节器的输出电压反馈虚拟同步机，降低虚拟电厂中电能的谐波含量，快速调节虚拟电厂中的频率波动。The step 1) establishes the virtual power plant regulator as a virtual synchronous machine operation model, the output voltage of the virtual power plant regulator feeds back the virtual synchronous machine, reduces the harmonic content of electric energy in the virtual power plant, and quickly adjusts the frequency fluctuation in the virtual power plant.

所述步骤4)在实际运行中，当负荷量大于供电量时虚拟电厂根据实时电价对虚拟电厂调节器进行供电调节，当负荷量小于供电量时虚拟电厂根据实时电价信息对虚拟单纯调节器进行蓄电调节，保持光伏、风机的最大功率运行以及电储的自我调度。The step 4) in actual operation, when the load is greater than the power supply, the virtual power plant adjusts the power supply to the virtual power plant regulator according to the real-time electricity price; when the load is less than the power supply, the virtual power plant adjusts the virtual simple regulator according to the real-time power price information Power storage regulation, to maintain the maximum power operation of photovoltaics and wind turbines and self-scheduling of power storage.

本发明的有益效果在于：本发明增设虚拟电厂调节器的虚拟电厂运行方法，能够有效地提高虚拟电厂的经济运行效益，增加虚拟电厂运行稳定性并提高电能质量，发挥虚拟电厂的电厂职能(输送高质量电能、调节电网负荷的峰谷差)，为未来电力市场中虚拟电厂的竞标模式提供方法指导。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the virtual power plant operating method of adding a virtual power plant regulator in the present invention can effectively improve the economic operation benefit of the virtual power plant, increase the operation stability of the virtual power plant and improve the power quality, and play the power plant function of the virtual power plant (transmission High-quality electric energy, adjusting the peak-valley difference of grid load), providing method guidance for the bidding mode of virtual power plants in the future electricity market.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明增设虚拟电厂调节器的虚拟电厂运行示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of virtual power plant operation in which a virtual power plant regulator is added in the present invention;

图2为本发明增设虚拟电厂调节器的虚拟电厂运行流程图。Fig. 2 is a flow chart of virtual power plant operation in which a virtual power plant regulator is added in the present invention.

具体实施方式detailed description

一种增设虚拟电厂调节器的虚拟电厂运行方法，具体包括如下步骤：A method for operating a virtual power plant by adding a virtual power plant regulator, specifically comprising the following steps:

1、根据虚拟电厂内部分布式能源的发电、用电、储能的设备信息以及历史记录，建立虚拟电厂信息模型，虚拟电厂信息模型包括虚拟电厂内部分布式能源和虚拟电厂调节器，并将其传送至云计算平台；1. According to the equipment information and historical records of distributed energy generation, power consumption, and energy storage in the virtual power plant, establish a virtual power plant information model. Send to cloud computing platform;

1.1、建立光伏、风机、储能、虚拟电厂调节器运行模型1.1. Establish operation models of photovoltaic, wind turbine, energy storage, and virtual power plant regulators

1.1.1、t时刻光伏输出功率的计算式为1.1.1. The calculation formula of photovoltaic output power at time t is

式中：G_PV为光照强度；P_STC为标准测试条件下的最大功率；T_c为电池板工作温度；T_r为参考温度，25℃；G_STC为标准测试条件下的光照强度1000W/m²，k为功率温度系数，其值取-0.47％/℃。In the formula: G _PV is the light intensity; P _STC is the maximum power under standard test conditions; T _c is the operating temperature of the battery panel; T _r is the reference temperature, 25°C; G _STC is the light intensity under standard test conditions of 1000W/m ² , k is the temperature coefficient of power, and its value is -0.47%/℃.

1.1.2、风力发电机在t时刻输出的电功率

主要由风电场风速

的大小决定，

与风速

之间可以近似表示为：1.1.2. Electric power output by wind turbine at time t

Mainly by the wind speed of the wind farm

The size of the decision,

and wind speed

can be approximated as:

式中：P_R,WT为风机的额定发电功率，

为风电厂运行风速；v_i为最低运行风速；v_o为最高运行风速；v_r为风机的额定风速。In the formula: P _{R, WT} is the rated generating power of the fan,

is the operating wind speed of the wind power plant; v _i is the minimum operating wind speed; v _o is the highest operating wind speed; v _r is the rated wind speed of the fan.

1.1.3、电储储存的电能方程为：1.1.3. The electric energy equation of electric storage is:

式中:

为t时刻电储中存储的电能，KW·h；

和

分别为t时刻电储的充、放电功率，kW；δ_BS、η_BS,ch和η_BS,dis分别是电储的自身能量损耗率、充电效率、放电效率。

分别是电储最小、最大容量，分别取电储额定容量的10％和90％，Δt为采样时间间隔。In the formula:

is the electric energy stored in the electric storage at time t, KW h;

with

are the charging and discharging power of the electric storage at time t, kW; δ _BS , η _BS,ch and η _BS,dis are the energy loss rate, charging efficiency, and discharging efficiency of the electric storage, respectively.

They are the minimum and maximum capacity of the electric storage, respectively, 10% and 90% of the rated capacity of the electric storage, and Δt is the sampling time interval.

1.1.4、本发明运用储能作为虚拟电厂调节器来进行加以说明，并根据电池老化规律将电池充放电老化成本计入虚拟电厂的运行成本，也可以利用现有火电厂、生物质发电厂等。负荷与供电平衡时作为虚拟同步机运行，提高电能质量；负荷需求量大于或小于供电量时，提供负荷转移功能。1.1.4. The present invention uses energy storage as a virtual power plant regulator to illustrate, and according to the battery aging law, the charging and discharging aging cost of the battery is included in the operating cost of the virtual power plant, and existing thermal power plants and biomass power plants can also be used Wait. When the load and power supply are balanced, it operates as a virtual synchronous machine to improve power quality; when the load demand is greater or less than the power supply, it provides a load transfer function.

1.2、建立虚拟电厂运行成本模型1.2. Establish a virtual power plant operating cost model

虚拟电厂的收益G为所得电费量与运行成本的差值，虚拟电厂的收益为所求目标函数。The income G of the virtual power plant is the difference between the obtained electricity charge and the operating cost, and the income of the virtual power plant is the objective function sought.

G＝S-CG=S-C

式中S为日内所得电费量、C为虚拟电厂日内运行成本，主要有设备运行成本和监管成本两部分组成。In the formula, S is the amount of electricity charges received in a day, and C is the daily operating cost of the virtual power plant, which mainly consists of two parts: equipment operating cost and supervision cost.

C＝C^DAY+C^SUP C＝C ^DAY +C ^SUP

式中

为虚拟电厂向电网售电量；

为虚拟电厂向负荷售电量；

为外部实时售电电价；C^DAY为虚拟电厂日前预测成本；C^SUP为虚拟电厂监管成本。In the formula

Sell electricity to the grid for virtual power plants;

Sell electricity to loads for virtual power plants;

is the external real-time electricity sales price; C ^DAY is the forecast cost of the virtual power plant; C ^SUP is the supervision cost of the virtual power plant.

由于本发明额外安装了虚拟电厂调节器，故所提模型的运行成本还包含虚拟电厂调节器运行成本。本模型成本函数更新为Since the present invention additionally installs a virtual power plant regulator, the running cost of the proposed model also includes the running cost of the virtual power plant regulator. The cost function of this model is updated as

C＝C^DAY+C^SUP+C^VPPR C＝C ^DAY +C ^SUP +C ^VPPR

式中C^VPPR为虚拟电厂调节器成本。where C ^VPPR is the cost of the virtual power plant regulator.

日前运行成本包括设备维护成本、电池老化成本、与电网交互成本、环境成本。Day-ahead operating costs include equipment maintenance costs, battery aging costs, grid interaction costs, and environmental costs.

C^DAY＝C_MA+C_BS+C_EX C ^DAY = C _MA + C _BS + C _EX

式中C_MA为设备维护成本；C_BS为电池老化成本；C_EX为向电网购电成本。In the formula, C _MA is the equipment maintenance cost; C _BS is the battery aging cost; C _EX is the cost of purchasing electricity from the grid.

C_MA＝R_PV×P_PV+R_WT×P_WT C _MA =R _PV ×P _PV +R _WT ×P _WT

式中C_MA为设备维护成本，式中R_PV、R_WT分别为光伏、风机单位功率的运行维护成本；P_PV、P_WT分别为光伏、风机日内产生的总功率。C_BS为电池老化成本，式中T为预测时段数，即24h；

为电池的单位充放电老化成本，元/次数；

和

分别为t时刻蓄电池充放电状态标记位，为0-1变量，1表示充电，0表示放电，且充放电状态为互斥条件。C_EX为与电网交互成本，式中

为t时刻外部实时购电电价；

为t时刻虚拟电厂由外部购入电功率。In the formula, C _MA is the equipment maintenance cost, and in the formula, R _PV and R _WT are the operation and maintenance costs of the unit power of the photovoltaic and wind turbine respectively; PP _PV and P _WT are the total power generated by the photovoltaic and the wind turbine in a day, respectively. C _BS is the battery aging cost, where T is the number of forecast periods, that is, 24h;

Aging cost per unit charge and discharge of the battery, yuan/time;

with

They are the flag bits of the charging and discharging status of the battery at time t, which are 0-1 variables, 1 means charging, 0 means discharging, and the charging and discharging status is a mutually exclusive condition. C _EX is the interaction cost with the power grid, where

is the external real-time power purchase price at time t;

At time t, the virtual power plant purchases electric power from outside.

监管成本主要是针对实际运行时预测误差成本以及电能质量罚款。Regulatory costs are mainly for forecast error costs during actual operation and power quality fines.

其中in

式中

分别为实时运行时实际产电、需电量与预测值之间差值；k₁、k₂分别对应监管成本系数，其中已扣除预测误差产生的额外收益；X^AC、X^DA分别为实时运行时实际需电量与预测值；G^AC、G^DA分别为实时运行时实际产电量与预测值。In the formula

are the differences between the actual electricity production, electricity demand, and predicted value during real-time operation; k ₁ and k ₂ respectively correspond to regulatory cost coefficients, of which the extra income generated by prediction errors has been deducted; X ^AC and X ^DA are respectively the real-time operating time Actual power demand and predicted value; G ^AC , G ^DA are actual power production and predicted value during real-time operation, respectively.

本发明中虚拟电厂调节器采用电储来进行配置，故按电池充放电成本进行运行，公式不再过多赘述。In the present invention, the regulator of the virtual power plant is configured by electric storage, so it operates according to the charging and discharging cost of the battery, and the formula will not be described in detail.

1.3、运行约束包括功率约束、电储充放电约束、爬坡约束。1.3. Operation constraints include power constraints, electric storage charge and discharge constraints, and climbing constraints.

其中in

式中

为t时刻负荷需求量，也就是t时刻虚拟电厂向负荷售电量，分别由直流负荷

和交流负荷

构成；

为t时刻虚拟电厂向外部电网售电量；

分别为电储最大、最小充电功率；

分别为电储最大、最小放电功率；

分别为单位时间电储最大、最小充电功率；

分别为单位时间电储最大、最小放电功率。In the formula

is the load demand at time t, that is, the virtual power plant sells electricity to the load at time t, respectively by the DC load

and AC load

constitute;

Sell electricity to the external grid for the virtual power plant at time t;

Respectively, the maximum and minimum charging power of electric storage;

Respectively, the maximum and minimum discharge power of electric storage;

Respectively, the maximum and minimum charging power of electric storage per unit time;

are the maximum and minimum discharge power per unit time, respectively.

2、规划设备运行维护成本、实时电价信息等建立虚拟电厂运行成本模型，设备运行维护成本包括设备运行成本和监管成本。建立高斯分布函数的虚拟电厂风险评估模型，将风险成本计入虚拟电厂总成本，优化虚拟电厂经济性调度。2. Plan equipment operation and maintenance costs, real-time electricity price information, etc. to establish a virtual power plant operation cost model. Equipment operation and maintenance costs include equipment operation costs and supervision costs. A virtual power plant risk assessment model with a Gaussian distribution function is established, and the risk cost is included in the total cost of the virtual power plant to optimize the economic dispatch of the virtual power plant.

由于预测运行值越接近实际运行值即实际运行负荷需求量越接近供电量，则概率越大；预测值越偏离实际运行值即负荷需求量远大约实际供应量或负荷需求量远小于实际供应量，则概率越小，符合高斯函数的分布概率，故采用高斯分布函数。Because the closer the predicted operating value is to the actual operating value, that is, the closer the actual operating load demand is to the power supply, the greater the probability; the more the predicted value deviates from the actual operating value, that is, the load demand is far from the actual supply or the load demand is much smaller than the actual supply. , the smaller the probability is, it conforms to the distribution probability of the Gaussian function, so the Gaussian distribution function is used.

高斯分布的概率密度函数为：The probability density function of the Gaussian distribution is:

式中μ为位置参数即本发明中的预测值点；σ为高斯分布的尺度参数。In the formula, μ is the location parameter, that is, the predicted value point in the present invention; σ is the scale parameter of Gaussian distribution.

将预测值点假定为原点0，尺度参数取1，高斯分布的概率密度函数可简化为：Assuming the predicted value point is the origin 0, and the scale parameter is 1, the probability density function of the Gaussian distribution can be simplified as:

实际用电量、发电量差值与高斯分布的概率相对应。其中高斯分布的自变量约束：The difference between actual power consumption and power generation corresponds to the probability of Gaussian distribution. Among them, the independent variable constraints of the Gaussian distribution:

3σ≤x≤3σ3σ≤x≤3σ

相应的预测差值的约束：The corresponding constraints on the difference in predictions:

式中为日前负荷预测量差值约束与日前预测电力供应量约束，符合高斯分布。即负荷预测量差值、电力供应量差值与高斯分布函数相对应，可以快捷的计算出差值对应的概率值。In the formula, it is the difference constraint of the day-ahead load forecast and the constraint of the day-ahead forecasted power supply, which conforms to the Gaussian distribution. That is, the load forecast difference and the power supply difference correspond to the Gaussian distribution function, and the probability value corresponding to the difference can be quickly calculated.

监管市场成本公式更新为Regulatory market cost formula updated to

可解得实际运行监管市场成本The cost of actually operating the regulatory market can be solved

通过将预测误差的概率的计入运行成本，以获得虚拟电厂真实的运行成本。By including the probability of prediction error into the operating cost, the real operating cost of the virtual power plant can be obtained.

3、云计算平台将虚拟电厂信息进行整合，配合次日天气、节假日等信息送入步骤1中虚拟电厂信息模型，结合步骤2的虚拟电厂运行成本模型和虚拟电厂风险评估模型，进行日前的虚拟电厂最优经济规划，充分利用分布式能源，并发挥电价时差的经济效益；3. The cloud computing platform integrates the information of the virtual power plant, and sends it into the information model of the virtual power plant in step 1 with the information of the next day’s weather and holidays. Combined with the operating cost model of the virtual power plant and the risk assessment model of the virtual power plant in step 2, the virtual Optimal economic planning of power plants, making full use of distributed energy sources, and taking advantage of the economic benefits of time difference in electricity prices;

云平台规划：将虚拟电厂模型、次日天气信息以及历史记录信息上传上传值云计算平台进行预测规划调度，并将规划结果传回虚拟电厂控制中心进行调度。Cloud platform planning: upload the virtual power plant model, the next day's weather information and historical record information to the cloud computing platform for forecasting, planning and scheduling, and send the planning results back to the virtual power plant control center for scheduling.

4、在实际运行中，虚拟电厂调节器对实际运行量与预测值之间的偏差进行调节，并可作为虚拟同步机提高电能质量。4. In actual operation, the virtual power plant regulator adjusts the deviation between the actual operating volume and the predicted value, and can be used as a virtual synchronous machine to improve power quality.

虚拟电厂调节器做虚拟同步机运行：The virtual power plant regulator runs as a virtual synchronous machine:

首先，根据同步发电机的转子运动方程可得到：First, according to the rotor motion equation of the synchronous generator, it can be obtained:

式中，P_m为同步发电机的机械功率；P_e为同步发电机的电磁功率；P_D为阻尼功率；J为虚拟转动惯量；D为虚拟阻尼系数；ω₀为同步角速度；ω为机械角速度。In the formula, P _m is the mechanical power of the synchronous generator; P _e is the electromagnetic power of the synchronous generator; P _D is the damping power; J is the virtual moment of inertia; D is the virtual damping coefficient; ω ₀ is the synchronous angular velocity; ω is the mechanical angular velocity.

然后通过输出机端电压、输出电流获得虚拟同步机的电磁功率：Then obtain the electromagnetic power of the virtual synchronous machine by outputting the terminal voltage and output current:

p_VSG,e＝1.5(U_odI_od+U_oqI_oq)p _VSG,e ＝1.5(U _od I _od +U _oq I _oq )

式中，I_od、I_oq分别为输出电流在dq坐标系下的d、q轴分量；U_od、U_oq分别为机端电压的d、q轴分量。In the formula, I _od and I _oq are the d and q axis components of the output current in the dq coordinate system respectively; U _od and U _oq are the d and q axis components of the machine terminal voltage respectively.

然后采用一阶低通滤波器滤除瞬时电磁功率中的谐波分量，得到滤波后的电磁功率Then a first-order low-pass filter is used to filter out the harmonic components in the instantaneous electromagnetic power to obtain the filtered electromagnetic power

式中，ω_y为需要滤除的第y次谐波角频率；y为谐波次数；s为复频率变量。In the formula, ω _y is the yth harmonic angular frequency that needs to be filtered out; y is the harmonic order; s is the complex frequency variable.

并得到虚拟同步机的机械功率And get the mechanical power of the virtual synchronous machine

式中，m为有功下垂系数；ΔP为调频控制器；P_ref为虚拟同步机的有功功率给定。In the formula, m is the active power droop coefficient; ΔP is the frequency modulation controller; P _ref is the active power reference of the virtual synchronous machine.

由公式可知，基于有功频率控制作用，虚拟同步机既能够为虚拟电厂提供必要的虚拟惯性和虚拟阻尼支撑，又可以根据其接入系统的频率偏差参与系统频率调节，提供一定的有功功率支撑，使得虚拟电厂调节器应对系统频率异常事件的能力得以提升。It can be seen from the formula that based on the active frequency control function, the virtual synchronous machine can not only provide the necessary virtual inertia and virtual damping support for the virtual power plant, but also participate in the system frequency adjustment according to the frequency deviation of its access system, and provide certain active power support. This improves the ability of the virtual power plant regulator to deal with abnormal system frequency events.

如图1所示增设虚拟电厂调节器的虚拟电厂运行示意图，包括如下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, the virtual power plant operation schematic diagram of adding a virtual power plant regulator includes the following steps:

将日前预测、内部设备信息和外部电价信息输入云计算平台进行经济运行规划，将规划结果发到至虚拟电厂控制控制中心。通过对不同的电力电子转换器件进行调度实现虚拟电厂内部的经济最优化运行。在原有运行的基础上增设虚拟电厂调节器，为设备损坏提供一定的备用容量，以提高虚拟电厂运行可靠性；改善由于预测误差导致的虚拟电厂经济性降低；作为虚拟同步机对并网电能质量进行调节。Input the day-ahead forecast, internal equipment information and external electricity price information into the cloud computing platform for economic operation planning, and send the planning results to the control center of the virtual power plant. The economically optimal operation inside the virtual power plant is realized by scheduling different power electronic conversion devices. On the basis of the original operation, a virtual power plant regulator is added to provide a certain reserve capacity for equipment damage, so as to improve the reliability of the virtual power plant operation; improve the economic reduction of the virtual power plant due to prediction errors; Make adjustments.

如图2所示增设虚拟电厂调节器的虚拟电厂运行流程图，包括如下步骤：首先将虚拟电厂内各设备参数与、风光预测值、外部电网电价信息传送至云计算平台，然后通过云计算平台按照日前的经济最优化部署设备的运行，经规划后的方案传送至虚拟电厂控制中心进行运行调度，虚拟电厂调节器做虚拟同步机运行。对实际运行负荷量与供电量的情况进行判断，当负荷量大于供电量时虚拟电厂根据实时电价对虚拟电厂调节器进行供电调节，当负荷量小于供电量时虚拟电厂根据实时电价信息对虚拟单纯调节器进行蓄电调节，这样就可以保持光伏、风机的最大功率运行、电储的自我调度，即用户利益最大化运行。As shown in Figure 2, the virtual power plant operation flow chart of adding a virtual power plant regulator includes the following steps: firstly, the parameters of each device in the virtual power plant, the wind and solar forecast value, and the electricity price information of the external grid are transmitted to the cloud computing platform, and then through the cloud computing platform According to the current economic optimization deployment equipment operation, the planned scheme is sent to the virtual power plant control center for operation scheduling, and the virtual power plant regulator acts as a virtual synchronous machine operation. Judging the actual operating load and power supply, when the load is greater than the power supply, the virtual power plant adjusts the power supply to the virtual power plant regulator according to the real-time electricity price; when the load is less than the power supply, the virtual power plant adjusts the virtual simple The regulator adjusts the power storage, so that the maximum power operation of photovoltaics and wind turbines and the self-scheduling of power storage can be maintained, that is, the operation of maximizing user benefits.