CN112103607A - Compact power divider - Google Patents
- ️Fri Dec 18 2020
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电子电路设计技术领域，特别是涉及一种紧凑型功分器技术。The invention relates to the technical field of electronic circuit design, in particular to a compact power divider technology.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，新一代毫米波通信对电路系统提出更快、更高集成度和更低成本的要求，寻求更小尺寸的高性能电路结构，越来越成为电路设计人员的挑战。功分器被广泛的应用于毫米波电路系统来实现功率的合成和分配，例如，在相控阵系统中，功分器是必不可少的模块，其一方面实现多个通道功率合成，另一方面实现通道间的隔离，避免各个通道之间的相互影响；另外，在PA等电路的设计中，也经常需要功率合成器来实现功率合成，从而实现更高的功率输出。In recent years, the new generation of millimeter-wave communication has put forward requirements for faster, higher integration and lower cost of circuit systems, and seeking high-performance circuit structures with smaller dimensions has increasingly become a challenge for circuit designers. Power dividers are widely used in millimeter-wave circuit systems to realize power synthesis and distribution. For example, in phased array systems, power dividers are an indispensable module. On the one hand, it realizes power synthesis of multiple channels, and on the other hand On the one hand, isolation between channels is achieved to avoid mutual influence between each channel; on the other hand, in the design of circuits such as PA, power combiners are often required to achieve power synthesis, thereby achieving higher power output.
典型功分器是基于传输线设计的，可以实现较优的带宽性能，但是四分之波长(λ/4)传输线占用面积很大；相比之下，基于集总元器件的功分器结构能大幅度减少占用面积，是实现紧凑型功分器的优选方案。基于集总元器件的功分器结构主要有Π型CLC网络结构，具有尺寸小的优点，但是此种结构的功分器由于等效的集总传输线的截止频率低，所以只能提供有限的带宽。Typical power dividers are designed based on transmission lines, which can achieve better bandwidth performance, but the quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission line occupies a large area; in contrast, the power divider structure based on lumped components can It greatly reduces the occupied area and is the preferred solution for realizing compact power dividers. The power divider structure based on lumped components mainly has the Π-type CLC network structure, which has the advantage of small size, but the power divider of this structure can only provide limited cut-off frequency due to the low cut-off frequency of the equivalent lumped transmission line. bandwidth.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种紧凑型功分器技术，能够实现高带宽、高隔离度、低损耗功分器的同时，缩小功分器的占用面积，降低应用成本。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compact power divider technology, which can realize high bandwidth, high isolation, low loss power divider, reduce the occupied area of the power divider, and reduce the application cost.
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种紧凑型功分器，该紧凑型功分器包括：In order to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a compact power divider, the compact power divider includes:
合成端口；synthetic port;
两个分离端口；Two separate ports;
两个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构，每一所述分离端口通过对应的所述四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构与所述合成端口连接，每一所述四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构包括一个多抽头电感和多个并联的电容，所述多抽头电感的抽头处和两端通过所述电容接地，且所述两个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构彼此之间具有相同的参数；The equivalent structure of two quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission lines, each of the split ports is connected to the combined port through the corresponding equivalent structure of the quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission line, and each The equivalent structure of the quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission line includes a multi-tap inductor and a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel, the taps and both ends of the multi-tap inductor are grounded through the capacitor, and the two quarters The wavelength (λ/4) equivalent structures of transmission lines have the same parameters as each other;
跨接在所述两个分离端口之间的隔离电阻。An isolation resistor connected across the two split ports.
根据本发明的另一个方面，该多抽头电感的抽头的数目为n，令所述多抽头电感分为n+1个电感；According to another aspect of the present invention, the number of taps of the multi-tap inductor is n, so that the multi-tap inductor is divided into n+1 inductors;
所述多个电容的数量为n+2个；The number of the plurality of capacitors is n+2;
n为正整数。n is a positive integer.
根据本发明的另一个方面，所述电容通过连接至同一地连接线的方式接地。According to another aspect of the present invention, the capacitor is grounded by being connected to the same ground connection line.
根据本发明的另一个方面，所述两个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构分别为上四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构(100)与下四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构(200)，所述上四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构(100)与所述下四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构(200)以所述地连接线为对称轴设置为轴对称。According to another aspect of the present invention, the equivalent structures of the two quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission lines are an upper-quarter wavelength (λ/4) transmission line equivalent structure (100) and a lower-quarter wavelength, respectively. (λ/4) transmission line equivalent structure (200), the upper quarter wavelength (λ/4) transmission line equivalent structure (100) and the lower quarter wavelength (λ/4) transmission line equivalent structure ( 200) Setting the ground connection line to be axisymmetric with the ground connection line as the axis of symmetry.
根据本发明的另一个方面，该地连接线同时连接了两个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构的并联电容的地。According to another aspect of the present invention, the ground connection line is simultaneously connected to the grounds of the parallel capacitors of the equivalent structure of two quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission lines.
相应地，本发明还提供了一种紧凑型差分功分器，形成的差分功分器包括：Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a compact differential power splitter, and the formed differential power splitter includes:
差分合成端口，该差分端口的正负端分别为所述的两个紧凑型功分器的两个合成端口。A differential synthesis port, the positive and negative ends of the differential port are respectively the two synthesis ports of the two compact power dividers.
两个差分分离端口，该两个差分分离端口分别为所述的两个紧凑型功分器的分离端口，其中分离端口的正负端和差分合成端口的正负端对应连接。Two differential separation ports, the two differential separation ports are respectively the separation ports of the two compact power dividers, wherein the positive and negative ends of the separation ports and the positive and negative ends of the differential synthesis port are connected correspondingly.
四个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构，所述的四个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构分成两组，每组传输一个差分信号，每组的传输线等效结构的并联电容的地连接在一起。Equivalent structure of four quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission lines, the equivalent structure of four quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission lines is divided into two groups, each group transmits a differential signal, and each group of transmission lines, etc. The grounds of the parallel capacitors of the effective structure are connected together.
两个隔离电阻，分别跨接在两个差分分离端口的两个正端和两个负端之间。Two isolation resistors are respectively connected across the two positive terminals and the two negative terminals of the two differential separation ports.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的一种紧凑型功分器技术，具有以下优点:The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a compact power divider technology of the present invention has the following advantages:
第一，本发明提供的紧凑型功分器，通过使用基于多抽头电感的传输线结构，避免多个电感级联，缩小了功分器的占用面积，减了应用成本。First, the compact power divider provided by the present invention, by using a transmission line structure based on multi-tap inductors, avoids cascading multiple inductors, reduces the occupied area of the power divider, and reduces the application cost.
第二，本发明可以实现单端功分器，也可以实现差分功分器，提高了应用范围和应用灵活性。Second, the present invention can realize a single-ended power divider or a differential power divider, which improves the application range and application flexibility.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments described in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.
图1是本发明的实施例紧凑型单端功分器的电路结构示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a compact single-ended power divider according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明的实施例紧凑型差分功分器的电路结构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a compact differential power splitter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明的另一实施例紧凑型差分功分器的电路结构示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a compact differential power divider according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明的紧凑型单端功分器的插入损耗；Fig. 4 is the insertion loss of the compact single-ended power divider of the present invention;
图5是本发明的紧凑型单端功分器合成的端反射系数；Fig. 5 is the end reflection coefficient synthesized by the compact single-ended power divider of the present invention;
图6是本发明的紧凑型单端功分器分端的反射系数；Fig. 6 is the reflection coefficient of the split end of the compact single-ended power divider of the present invention;
图7是本发明的紧凑型单端功分器的隔离度。Figure 7 is the isolation of the compact single-ended power divider of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。这些优选实施方式的示例在附图中进行了例示。附图中所示和根据附图描述的本发明的实施方式仅仅是示例性的，并且本发明并不限于这些实施方式。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Examples of these preferred embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings and described with reference to the drawings are merely exemplary and the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
在此，还需要说明的是，为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本发明，在附图中仅仅示出了与根据本发明的方案密切相关的结构和/或处理步骤，而省略了与本发明关系不大的其他细节。Here, it should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and the related structures and/or processing steps are omitted. Other details not relevant to the present invention.
以及，在本发明的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。And, in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations Or the positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. , so it cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.
本发明实施例包括：紧凑型单端功分器和紧凑型差分功分器，涉及的应用领域包括：毫米波通信系统和相控阵系统等。Embodiments of the present invention include: a compact single-ended power divider and a compact differential power divider, and the related application fields include: a millimeter wave communication system, a phased array system, and the like.
本发明提供了一种紧凑型功分器，请参考图1，图1是根据本发明的紧凑型功分器的一个具体实施方式的结构示意图，如图1所示，该紧凑型功分器包括：The present invention provides a compact power divider, please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a specific implementation of the compact power divider according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , the compact power divider include:
合成端口P1和两个分离端口P2和P3，合成端口P1连接到两个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构100和200的一端，两个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构100和200的另一端分别连接分离端口P2和P3，每一个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构由一个多抽头电感101或者201和数个电容组成，数个电容在电感的抽头处和两端处并联到地，四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构100和200具有相同的工作参数。Combined port P1 and two split ports P2 and P3, combined port P1 is connected to one end of the equivalent structure 100 and 200 of two quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission lines, two quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission lines The other ends of the equivalent structures 100 and 200 are respectively connected to the split ports P2 and P3, and each quarter-wavelength (λ/4) equivalent structure of the transmission line is composed of a multi-tap inductor 101 or 201 and several capacitors. The tap and both ends of the inductor are connected in parallel to ground, and the quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission line equivalent structures 100 and 200 have the same operating parameters.
跨接在分离端口P2和P3的隔离电阻300。The isolation resistor 300 is connected across the split ports P2 and P3.
多抽头电感101和201，其中抽头的数目为n，令多抽头电感分为n+1个电感；Multi-tap inductors 101 and 201, wherein the number of taps is n, so that the multi-tap inductors are divided into n+1 inductors;
n为正整数。n is a positive integer.
n+2个电容，n个电容并联在多抽头电感的抽头到地，例如，图1中的103、 104和105并联多抽头电感101的抽头到地。另外两个电容并联多抽头电感的两个端口处到地，如图1的102和106并联在多抽头电感101的两端到地。n+2 capacitors, n capacitors are connected in parallel from the tap of the multi-tap inductor to ground, for example, 103, 104 and 105 in FIG. 1 are connected in parallel from the tap of the multi-tap inductor 101 to the ground. The other two capacitors are connected in parallel with the two ports of the multi-tap inductor to the ground, such as 102 and 106 in FIG.
更进一步的，所述的两个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构分别为上四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构100与下四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构 200，所述上四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构100与下四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构200关于地连接线上下对称。Further, the equivalent structures of the two quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission lines are respectively the equivalent structure 100 of the upper quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission line and the lower-quarter wavelength (λ/4) The transmission line equivalent structure 200, the upper quarter wavelength (λ/4) transmission line equivalent structure 100 and the lower quarter wavelength (λ/4) transmission line equivalent structure 200 are symmetrical about the ground connection line.
优选地，地连接线连接了四分之波长(λ/4)传输线的数个并联电容的地，方便布局且减少损耗。Preferably, the ground connection line is connected to the ground of several parallel capacitors of the quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission line, which facilitates layout and reduces loss.
具体而言：in particular:
传输线等效结构100、200中采用的多抽头电感结构，所述的抽头电感101、 201的电感值L可由传输线等效集总LC网络的原理得出The multi-tap inductance structure adopted in the transmission line equivalent structures 100 and 200, the inductance value L of the tapped inductances 101 and 201 can be obtained from the principle of the equivalent lumped LC network of the transmission line
(假设功分器端口阻抗为Zo，ω为功分器工作的中心频率，电感的n个抽头将电感分离成数(n+1)个电感，在抽头的位置连接电容到地，其电容值C由计算，抽头电感两端连接的电容值为C/2，得到的结构等效为一个n+1节LC级联的网络，实现紧凑的集总传输线结构，在传输线特征阻抗确定的情况下，级联的电容和电感值越小其截止频率
相应的，基于图1的紧凑型功分器，本发明提供了一种紧凑型差分功分器，Correspondingly, based on the compact power splitter of FIG. 1 , the present invention provides a compact differential power splitter,
以适用于差分电路的场景，使用两个紧凑型功分器构建紧凑型差分功分器，请参考图2，具体而言，两个紧凑型差分功分器的合成端口可以作为紧凑型差分功分器的合成端口的正负端，两组四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构(一组由100和200构成)用来传输两组差分信号，两个差分分离端口分别为所述的两个紧凑型功分器的分离端口，其中分离端口的正负端和差分合成端口的正负端对应连接。其中，两组传输线等效结构的多个并联的电容的地分别连接在一起。两个隔离电阻300和400，分别跨接在两个差分分离端口的两个正端和两个负端之间。In a scenario suitable for differential circuits, use two compact power dividers to build a compact differential power divider, please refer to Figure 2. Specifically, the combined port of the two compact differential power dividers can be used as a compact differential power divider. The positive and negative ends of the composite port of the splitter, the equivalent structure of two quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission lines (one set is composed of 100 and 200) is used to transmit two sets of differential signals, and the two differential separation ports are respectively The split ports of the two compact power dividers described above, wherein the positive and negative terminals of the split ports and the positive and negative terminals of the differential synthesis port are connected correspondingly. Wherein, the grounds of multiple parallel capacitors in the equivalent structure of the two groups of transmission lines are respectively connected together. The two isolation resistors 300 and 400 are respectively connected across the two positive terminals and the two negative terminals of the two differential separation ports.
另外，本领域的技术人员可以理解，图2中紧凑型差分功分器的100和 200两个四分之波长(λ/4)传输线等效结构组成的传输一组传输差分信号的结构，优选的，这里的多个并联的抽头电容因为差分信号的特殊性，可以用两个抽头电感之间的寄生电容的方式实现，因此实际并联的电容可以去掉，可以进一步减少紧凑型差分功分器的占用面积，如图3所示，成为两组电感(一组由电感500和600构成)，分别传输两组差分信号，两个电感500一端和两个电感600一端的分别连接在一起，分别形成紧凑型差分功分器的差分合成端口的正端和负端，所述的两个电感500另外两端和两个600的另外两端分别为两个差分分离端口的两个正端和两个负端，同样的，两个隔离电阻300和400，分别跨接在两个差分分离端口的两个正端和两个负端之间。In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that the equivalent structures of 100 and 200 quarter-wavelength (λ/4) transmission lines of the compact differential power splitter in FIG. 2 transmit a group of structures that transmit differential signals, preferably Because of the particularity of the differential signal, the multiple parallel tap capacitors here can be realized by the parasitic capacitance between the two tap inductors, so the actual parallel capacitor can be removed, which can further reduce the compact differential power divider. The occupied area, as shown in Figure 3, becomes two sets of inductors (one set is composed of inductors 500 and 600), which transmit two sets of differential signals respectively. One end of the two inductors 500 and one end of the two inductors 600 are connected together to form The positive terminal and the negative terminal of the differential synthesis port of the compact differential power divider, the other two ends of the two inductors 500 and the other two ends of the two 600 are respectively the two positive terminals and the two differential separation ports. The negative terminal, similarly, the two isolation resistors 300 and 400 are respectively connected across the two positive terminals and the two negative terminals of the two differential separation ports.
以上所披露的仅为本发明的一些较佳具体实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。The above disclosures are only some preferred embodiments of the present invention, which cannot limit the scope of the rights of the present invention. Equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.
图4是紧凑型单端功分器的插入损耗。在20–38GHz的频率范围内，插入损耗在3.6-3.95dB之间。Figure 4 shows the insertion loss of a compact single-ended power splitter. In the frequency range of 20–38GHz, the insertion loss is between 3.6-3.95dB.
图5是紧凑型单端功分器合成端口的反射系数。在20–38GHz的频率范围内，合成端口的反射系数小于-15dB。Figure 5 is the reflection coefficient of the combined port of a compact single-ended power divider. In the frequency range of 20–38GHz, the reflection coefficient of the synthesized port is less than -15dB.
图6是紧凑型单端功分器两个分端口的反射系数。在20–38GHz的频率范围内，分端口的反射系数小于-19dB。Figure 6 shows the reflection coefficients of the two sub-ports of a compact single-ended power divider. In the frequency range of 20–38GHz, the reflection coefficient of the sub-port is less than -19dB.
图7是紧凑型单端功分器的隔离度。在20–38GHz的频率范围内，隔离度大于12dB。Figure 7 shows the isolation of a compact single-ended power divider. In the frequency range of 20–38GHz, the isolation is greater than 12dB.
本发明提供的实施例紧凑型功分器，具有以下优点:The embodiment compact power divider provided by the invention has the following advantages:
第一，一方面实现了低损耗、高隔离度、高带宽的性能，另一方面通过使用基于多抽头电感的传输线结构，避免多个电感的级联，缩小了功分器的占用面积，减少了应用成本。First, on the one hand, the performance of low loss, high isolation, and high bandwidth is achieved. On the other hand, by using the transmission line structure based on multi-tap inductors, the cascade of multiple inductors is avoided, and the occupied area of the power divider is reduced. application cost.
第二，本发明可以实现单端功分器，也可以实现差分功分器，提高了应用范围和应用灵活性。Second, the present invention can realize a single-ended power divider or a differential power divider, which improves the application range and application flexibility.
此外，需要说明的是，在本说明书中，“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。Furthermore, it should be noted that, in this specification, "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.
应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。It should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole, and each The technical solutions in the embodiments can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.