CN112543040B - Efficient BPLC network networking method - Google Patents

The invention requests to protect a high-efficiency BPLC network networking method, which comprises designing a CCO self-adaptive multicast sending association confirmation frame mechanism and an association request frame self-adaptive waiting retransmission mechanism; in the self-adaptive multicast associated acknowledgement frame sending mechanism, when a plurality of associated acknowledgement frames are to be sent, one associated acknowledgement multicast frame is used for sending a group of reply messages; in the self-adaptive retransmission waiting mechanism of the association request frame, the association reply frame which cannot be sent in the previous CSMA time slot is sent to the CCO node for a period of time, so that the unnecessary retransmission of the association request frame can be effectively reduced when the time when the STA retransmits the association request message falls in any time slot of a beacon period.

一种高效的BPLC网络组网方法An Efficient BPLC Network Networking Method

技术领域technical field

本发明属于电力通信领域，尤其涉及低压宽带电力线载波通信技术。The invention belongs to the field of electric power communication, in particular to a low-voltage broadband power line carrier communication technology.

背景技术Background technique

随着智能电网逐步取代传统电网的趋势,电力网络作为一个覆盖面最广、传输节点最多的网络,意味着任何带电终端都可以成为信息传输的起点和终点,无疑会为我们提供巨大的信息资源,成为未来泛在电力物联网的主干通信媒介。低压宽带电力线载波通信(broadband power line carrier communication，BPLC)是利用低压电力配电线(380/220V用户线)作为信息传输媒介进行语音或数据传输的一种通信方式，相较于无线网络不稳定的穿透能力，电力线通信网络具有电力线通信具有不用重新布线、覆盖范围广、成本开销低等天然优势。宽带电力线载波通信带宽较宽，基本频带为1MHz～20MHz。相较于传统的窄带电力线载波通信，宽带PLC传输速率更高，抗干扰性能更强，性能更优良。目前，宽带电力线载波通信的国际标准是IEEE 1901.1。此标准以国家电网公司Q/GDW 11612《低压电力线宽带电力线载波通信互联互通技术规范》为基础，实现以电力线载波通信为基础的物联网技术在能源互联网中的有效应用。目前BPLC网络已被广泛应用于自动抄表、智能用电系统、路灯控制、充电桩建设、等领域。目前，电力线通信作为新型传输媒介在物联网平台下发挥着巨大创新应用,如图1所示，电力线通信网络在物联网工业和公共应用、家庭和个人应用上发挥了广泛作用。As the smart grid gradually replaces the traditional power grid, the power network, as a network with the widest coverage and the most transmission nodes, means that any live terminal can become the starting point and end point of information transmission, which will undoubtedly provide us with huge information resources. Become the backbone communication medium of the future ubiquitous power Internet of Things. Low-voltage broadband power line carrier communication (BPLC) is a communication method that uses low-voltage power distribution lines (380/220V subscriber lines) as an information transmission medium for voice or data transmission. Compared with wireless networks, it is unstable. The power line communication network has the natural advantages of power line communication without rewiring, wide coverage, and low cost. The broadband power line carrier communication bandwidth is wide, and the basic frequency band is 1MHz to 20MHz. Compared with traditional narrowband power line carrier communication, broadband PLC has higher transmission rate, stronger anti-interference performance and better performance. Currently, the international standard for broadband power line carrier communication is IEEE 1901.1. This standard is based on the State Grid Corporation's Q/GDW 11612 "Technical Specification for Interconnection and Interconnection of Low-Voltage Power Line Broadband Power Line Carrier Communication" to realize the effective application of the Internet of Things technology based on power line carrier communication in the energy Internet. At present, BPLC network has been widely used in automatic meter reading, intelligent power consumption system, street lamp control, charging pile construction, and other fields. At present, power line communication as a new transmission medium is playing a huge innovative application under the IoT platform. As shown in Figure 1, power line communication network has played a wide range of roles in IoT industrial and public applications, home and personal applications.

与本发明最接近的现有技术一The closest prior art to the present invention

与本发明最接近的现有技术一来自：段红光,郑建宏,罗一静,滕得阳.一种树形结构网络的自动组网方法、装置及系统[P].CN106357305A,2017-01-25.The first prior art closest to the present invention comes from: Duan Hongguang, Zheng Jianhong, Luo Yijing, Teng Deyang. An automatic networking method, device and system for a tree-structured network [P]. CN106357305A, 2017-01-25 .

现有技术一的技术方案The technical solution of the prior art

现有技术一的技术方案的具体内容如下：The specific content of the technical solution of the prior art one is as follows:

段红光等公开了一种宽带电力线载波通信组网方法,该发明指出：在中央控制节点上电后周期性发送信标信息。未入网的STA站点，接收到发现信标后，根据信标中的“开始关联标志位”指示，产生关联请求帧，将该关联请求帧发送给中央控制节点。中央控制节点接收到入网申请节点发送的关联请求信息,对关联请求信息进行处理,检查关联请求节点合法性,如果合法,CCO对请求入网的一级站点，发送关联确认信息至请求节点。Duan Hongguang et al. disclose a broadband power line carrier communication networking method. The invention points out that beacon information is periodically sent after the central control node is powered on. After receiving the discovery beacon, the STA that has not joined the network generates an association request frame according to the "start association flag" indication in the beacon, and sends the association request frame to the central control node. The central control node receives the association request information sent by the network access application node, processes the association request information, and checks the validity of the association request node. If it is legal, the CCO sends the association confirmation information to the requesting node to the first-level site requesting network access.

根据研究，现有技术一的主要不足有：According to the research, the main deficiencies of the existing technology 1 are:

1)该技术中在网络规模较大时，CCO队列中的关联确认消息较多，等待发送的时间较长，其次关联请求帧等待关联确认消息的时间较长，因此采用单播回复的时延较大。1) In this technology, when the network scale is large, there are many association confirmation messages in the CCO queue, and the waiting time for sending is long. Secondly, the association request frame waits for a long time for the association confirmation message, so the delay of unicast reply is adopted. larger.

2)每个STA发送关联请求帧都需要同样数量的关联联确认帧进行回复，在网络规模较大的情况下，容易造成信道拥挤，使网络吞吐量较低。2) Each STA sending an association request frame needs the same number of association confirmation frames to reply. In the case of a large network scale, it is easy to cause channel congestion and lower network throughput.

3)该技术发送多个关联确认帧时，每个帧都需要一定的开销，因此产生的总开销为所有关联确认帧开销的总和，每个帧的头部有相同的重复字段，造成了大量的控制开销。然而采用组播一次性发送多个关联回复帧，当组合帧不超过最大帧长时，可以将开销减少到一个帧所需的开销。3) When this technology sends multiple association acknowledgment frames, each frame requires a certain overhead, so the total overhead generated is the sum of the overheads of all association acknowledgment frames, and the header of each frame has the same repeated field, resulting in a large number of control overhead. However, by using multicast to send multiple association reply frames at a time, when the combined frame does not exceed the maximum frame length, the overhead can be reduced to that required for one frame.

与本发明最接近的现有技术二The second prior art closest to the present invention

与本发明最接近的现有技术二来自：Q GDW 11612.42—2016低压电力线宽带电力线载波通信互联互通技术规范第4—2部分：数据链路层The second prior art closest to the present invention comes from: Q GDW 11612.42-2016 Low-voltage power line broadband power line carrier communication interconnection technical specification Part 4-2: data link layer

现有技术二的技术方案The technical solution of the existing technology 2

现有技术二的技术方案的具体内容如下：The specific content of the technical solution of the prior art two is as follows:

STA在发送关联请求后，需要等待CCO处理关联请求帧后，CCO发送的关联确认帧，或者代理站点发送的关联确认帧。STA根据帧中的“结果”判断是否入网成功。如果未收到关联确认帧，可以重新发起关联请求；如果入网请求被拒绝，则STA可以根据重新关联时间，等待一段时间间隔后，再次请求入网。After the STA sends the association request, it needs to wait for the association confirmation frame sent by the CCO or the association confirmation frame sent by the proxy station after the CCO processes the association request frame. The STA judges whether the network access is successful according to the "result" in the frame. If the association confirmation frame is not received, the association request can be re-initiated; if the network access request is rejected, the STA can request to access the network again after waiting for a period of time according to the re-association time.

根据研究，现有技术二的主要不足有：According to the research, the main shortcomings of the existing technology 2 are:

1)宽带PLC基于信标周期，只有在CSMA时隙才能发送关联请求帧和关联回复帧，在STA数量较大时，部分STA可能在CSMA时隙末尾才竞争到信道发送关联请求帧，而CCO未能在该信标周期为STA回复关联回复帧，导致只能在下个周期回复关联请求帧。该技术未考虑到STA发送的关联请求帧在一定时间内未收到CCO发送的关联回复帧就会重新发送关联请求帧，而根据上诉情况，CCO又可能已经给该STA发送了关联回复帧。会造成重发这部分关联请求帧的不必要发送，造成垃圾信息，导致系统控制消息增高。1) Broadband PLC is based on the beacon period, and can only send association request frames and association reply frames in the CSMA time slot. When the number of STAs is large, some STAs may compete for the channel to send the association request frame at the end of the CSMA time slot, while the CCO Failing to reply the association reply frame for the STA in the beacon period, so that the association request frame can only be replied in the next period. This technology does not consider that the association request frame sent by the STA will re-send the association request frame if it does not receive the association reply frame sent by the CCO within a certain period of time, and according to the appeal situation, the CCO may have sent the association reply frame to the STA. It will cause unnecessary sending of the retransmission of this part of the association request frame, resulting in junk information, resulting in an increase in system control messages.

2)该技术没有考虑到重发的关联回复帧可能会在除CSMA时隙以外的其他时隙发送，这会导致STA的关联请求帧会停止等待直到下一个CSMA时隙发送，因此增大了重发时间，也就增大了时延。2) This technique does not take into account that the retransmitted association reply frame may be sent in other time slots than the CSMA time slot, which will cause the STA's association request frame to stop waiting until the next CSMA time slot is sent, thus increasing the The retransmission time also increases the delay.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明旨在解决以上现有技术的问题。提出了一种高效的BPLC网络组网方法。本发明的技术方案如下：The present invention aims to solve the above problems of the prior art. An efficient BPLC network networking method is proposed. The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

一种高效的BPLC网络组网方法，其包括设计CCO自适应组播发送关联确认帧机制和关联请求帧自适应等待重发机制；所述自适应组播发送关联确认帧机制中，在有多个关联回复帧待发时，用一个关联确认组播帧发送一组回复信息；所述关联请求帧自适应等待重发机制中，通过给CCO节点一段时间发送上一CSMA时隙未能发送的关联回复帧，使STA重发关联请求报文的时刻落在信标周期的任意时隙都能有效减少关联请求帧的不必要重传。An efficient BPLC network networking method, which includes designing a CCO adaptive multicast sending association confirmation frame mechanism and an association request frame adaptive waiting retransmission mechanism; in the adaptive multicast sending association confirmation frame mechanism, there are multiple When an association reply frame is to be sent, an association acknowledgement multicast frame is used to send a group of reply information; in the association request frame adaptive waiting for retransmission mechanism, the CCO node is sent for a period of time by sending the information that could not be sent in the last CSMA time slot. The association reply frame can effectively reduce the unnecessary retransmission of the association request frame so that the moment when the STA retransmits the association request message falls in any time slot of the beacon period.

进一步的，所述CCO自适应组播发送关联确认帧机制的步骤如下：Further, the steps of the CCO adaptive multicast sending association confirmation frame mechanism are as follows:

步骤1：CCO开机时启动邻居网络监听定时器，如果在侦听时间T内接收到网间协调帧，进行网间网络标识NID和时隙的协调，如果在侦听时间T内接没有收到网间协调帧则进行单网络组网，CCO在信标时隙广播中央信标；Step 1: Start the neighbor network listening timer when the CCO is powered on. If the inter-network coordination frame is received within the listening time T, the coordination of the inter-network network identifier NID and time slot is performed. If the network is not received within the listening time T The inter-network coordination frame is used for single-network networking, and the CCO broadcasts the central beacon in the beacon time slot;

步骤2：邻居节点收到中央信标，检查信标的“开始关联标志位”是否为1，准备发送关联请求帧，站点准备发送前先侦听一下总线上是否有数据正在传送，若在侦听中发现信道闲，该STA站点向CCO直接发送关联请求帧，若在侦听中发现线路忙，则等待一个延时后再次侦听，若仍然忙，则继续延迟等待，若等待次数n超过阈值16，STA重发关联请求帧并标记此帧，每次延时的时间不一致，由截断的二进制指数退避算法确定延时值；若STA在一定时间内没有收到关联回复帧，则等待T时间重新发送关联请求帧，并对帧进行标记；Step 2: The neighbor node receives the central beacon, checks whether the "start association flag" of the beacon is 1, and prepares to send the association request frame. If the channel is found to be idle, the STA directly sends an association request frame to the CCO. If the line is found to be busy during listening, it will wait for a delay and then listen again. If it is still busy, it will continue to delay and wait. If the number of waits n exceeds the threshold 16. The STA resends the association request frame and marks the frame. The delay time is inconsistent each time, and the delay value is determined by the truncated binary exponential backoff algorithm; if the STA does not receive the association reply frame within a certain period of time, it will wait for T time Resend the association request frame and mark the frame;

步骤3：CCO收到申请入网节点发出的关联请求帧，查询该关联请求帧对应STA站点信息，进行白名单认证，CCO查询站点的层数，确定下一跳目的地址，如果是一级站点，则目的地址是本节点，如果是多层，则目的地址是请求站点对应最低级别的PCO，CCO为节点分配TEI和时隙，保存在关联回复帧中；CCO对一级站点进行关联回复，若发送关联回复时发现信道繁忙，CCO会把关联回复帧放到专门的关联回复队列中；Step 3: The CCO receives the association request frame sent by the node applying for network access, queries the information of the STA site corresponding to the association request frame, and performs whitelist authentication. The CCO queries the layer number of the site and determines the destination address of the next hop. The destination address is this node. If it is a multi-layer, the destination address is the PCO corresponding to the lowest level of the requesting site. The CCO allocates TEI and time slots to the node and saves them in the association reply frame; the CCO makes an association reply to the first-level site. When the channel is found to be busy when sending the association reply, the CCO will put the association reply frame in the special association reply queue;

步骤4：检测队列中的关联回复个数，如果为1，则等待信道空闲单播发送关联确认消息，如果大于1，则取出队列里的所有关联消息，获取每个节点地址信息，形成关联确认组播帧，关联确认组播帧长度小于最大帧长，否则形成第二组播帧，第二组播帧同样不能大于最大帧长，以此类推，待信道空闲时，发送给一级节点；Step 4: Detect the number of association replies in the queue. If it is 1, wait for the channel to be idle and send an association confirmation message by unicast. If it is greater than 1, take out all the association messages in the queue, obtain the address information of each node, and form an association confirmation For a multicast frame, the association confirms that the length of the multicast frame is less than the maximum frame length, otherwise a second multicast frame is formed, and the second multicast frame cannot be greater than the maximum frame length.

步骤5：一级节点判断自己是否是申请入网的节点，如果是，入网成功；如果不是，则该节点是申请入网节点最低级别的PCO，该节点通过CCO给自己发送的关联回复帧形成关联确认帧发给下一级节点，下一级节点也先判断自己是否是申请入网节点，如果不是，则该节点是入网节点的二级PCO，该节点安装地址信息继续发送该关联确认消息给自己的下级节点，以此类推，直到找到关联请求节点，入网成功；Step 5: The first-level node judges whether it is the node applying for network access. If so, the network access is successful; if not, the node is the lowest-level PCO of the node applying for network access, and the node forms an association confirmation through the association reply frame sent by the CCO to itself. The frame is sent to the next-level node, and the next-level node also first determines whether it is a node applying for network access. If not, the node is the second-level PCO of the network access node, and the node installation address information continues to send the association confirmation message to its own Subordinate nodes, and so on, until the associated request node is found, the network access is successful;

步骤6：CCO收到STA发出的关联请求帧，判断是否有重发标志，如果有，则停止发送关联确认帧，在该时隙内，只接受关联请求帧，取出节点ID和原地址等信息，形成关联确认组播帧；在Tmax时刻组播发送关联确认组播帧。组播发送关联确认组播帧的算法和自适应组播回复关联确认帧机制中一致；Step 6: The CCO receives the association request frame sent by the STA, and determines whether there is a retransmission flag. If so, it stops sending the association confirmation frame. In this time slot, only the association request frame is accepted, and information such as node ID and original address is taken out. , forming an association confirmation multicast frame; at the time Tmax, the association confirmation multicast frame is multicast and sent. The algorithm of multicast sending association acknowledgment multicast frame is consistent with the adaptive multicast reply association acknowledgment frame mechanism;

步骤7：一级节点判断自己是否是申请入网的节点，如果是，入网成功。如果不是，则该节点是申请入网节点最低级别的PCO，继续向下级节点发送，直到发送到入网申请节点，入网成功。Step 7: The first-level node judges whether it is the node applying for network access, and if so, the network access is successful. If not, the node is the lowest-level PCO of the node applying for network access, and continues to send to the lower-level node until it is sent to the node applying for network access, and the network access is successful.

进一步的，所述CCO在发送关联回复帧前，先检查自己消息队列中关联确认帧的个数，如果个数等于1，则直接发送关联确认帧；如果缓存队列中的关联确认帧大于1，将缓存队列中的关联确认帧整合，组播发送，将此组播帧命名为关联确认组播帧；CCO发送的关联回复帧有两种帧格式，一种是关联确认帧，一种是关联确认组播帧；当CCO查询到自己缓存队列中有大于1个的关联确认帧等待发送，就将这些帧组合成关联确认组播帧组播发送，如果整合过程中发现加入一个关联确认帧后关联确认组播帧就大于最大帧长，则不再继续组合，将该最大的关联确认组播帧组播发送。Further, before sending the association reply frame, the CCO first checks the number of association confirmation frames in its own message queue, and if the number is equal to 1, it directly sends the association confirmation frame; if the association confirmation frame in the cache queue is greater than 1, Integrate the association confirmation frames in the cache queue, send them multicast, and name this multicast frame as the association confirmation multicast frame; the association reply frame sent by the CCO has two frame formats, one is the association confirmation frame, and the other is the association confirmation frame. Acknowledgment multicast frames; when the CCO finds that there are more than 1 association acknowledgment frame waiting to be sent in its cache queue, it combines these frames into an association acknowledgment multicast frame for multicast transmission. If it finds that an association acknowledgment frame is added during the integration process If the association acknowledgment multicast frame is longer than the maximum frame length, the combination is not continued, and the largest association acknowledgment multicast frame is multicast and sent.

进一步的，当CCO查询自己队列里面的关联确认消息个数，在个数为1时单播关联确认帧，当个数大于1时，使用关联确认组播帧，关联确认组播帧本身可以携带多个关联确认消息，基于关联确认帧提出关联确认组播帧，其修改如下：1.利用管理类型字段的剩余值表示此帧带有的关联确认消息的数量。2.删除管理消息帧头中的保留字段，减少帧的长度。Further, when the CCO queries the number of association confirmation messages in its own queue, when the number is 1, it unicasts the association confirmation frame. When the number is greater than 1, the association confirmation multicast frame is used. The association confirmation multicast frame itself can carry For a plurality of association confirmation messages, an association confirmation multicast frame is proposed based on the association confirmation frame, and the modification is as follows: 1. The remaining value of the management type field is used to indicate the number of association confirmation messages carried by the frame. 2. Delete the reserved field in the frame header of the management message to reduce the length of the frame.

进一步的，所述关联确认组播帧格式中，对管理消息帧头中的保留字段进行删除；关联确认组播帧的消息类型的最高位设置为1，在关联确认帧的数量大于1个情况下使用关联确认组播帧，使用0x1002-0x1400范围表示关联确认组播帧中的关联确认帧数量，汇总站点数最多包含1022个，0x1401-0x14FF范围定义为关联确认帧数量的保留部分，通过关联确认组播帧中所携带的不同的关联确认消息的目的地址来区分不同的关联确认组播帧。Further, in the association confirmation multicast frame format, the reserved field in the management message frame header is deleted; the highest bit of the message type of the association confirmation multicast frame is set to 1, and the number of association confirmation frames is greater than 1. The following uses the association confirmation multicast frame, the range of 0x1002-0x1400 is used to indicate the number of association confirmation frames in the association confirmation multicast frame, and the number of aggregated sites includes a maximum of 1022. The range of 0x1401-0x14FF is defined as the reserved part of the number of association confirmation frames. Acknowledging the destination addresses of different association acknowledgment messages carried in the acknowledgment multicast frame to distinguish different association acknowledgment multicast frames.

进一步的，所述关联请求帧自适应等待重发机制的步骤具体包括：Further, the steps of the association request frame adaptive waiting for retransmission mechanism specifically include:

STA站点发送入网请求消息，并开启重发请求帧时钟；The STA station sends a network access request message and starts the retransmission request frame clock;

CCO收到关联请求帧后，根据“CCO自适应组播回复关联确认帧”新机制发送关联回复帧；After the CCO receives the association request frame, it sends the association reply frame according to the new mechanism of "CCO Adaptive Multicast Reply Association Confirmation Frame";

若关联回复帧在CSMA时隙被STA成功接收，则STA入网成功，如果关联回复帧在该CSMA时隙未成功竞争到信道，则等待到下个CSMA时隙优先发送关联回复帧；If the association reply frame is successfully received by the STA in the CSMA time slot, the STA successfully joins the network. If the association reply frame fails to successfully compete for the channel in the CSMA time slot, it will wait until the next CSMA time slot to send the association reply frame first;

入网申请站点如若在重发帧计时器溢出后仍未收到关联回复帧且关联请求帧只能在下一CSMA时段重发，则先在CSMA时隙中等待一段时间，推荐值为CSMA时段长度值的一半，看是否有CCO发给该STA的关联回复。If the network application site does not receive the association reply frame after the retransmission frame timer overflows and the association request frame can only be retransmitted in the next CSMA period, it will wait for a period of time in the CSMA time slot. The recommended value is the length of the CSMA period. half, to see if there is an association reply sent by the CCO to the STA.

进一步的，步骤1)重发关联请求帧会出现以下几种情况：Further, in step 1) the following situations may occur when retransmitting the association request frame:

0-重发时间过短，落在当前信标周期的TDMA时隙或绑定CSMA时隙；1-重发时间落在下一信标周期的信标时隙；2-重发时间落在下一周期的CSMA时隙；3-重发时间落在下一信标周期的TDMA时隙和绑定CSMA时隙；4-重发时间落在下个信标时隙以后。0 - The retransmission time is too short and falls within the TDMA time slot or the bound CSMA time slot of the current beacon period; 1 - The retransmission time falls within the beacon time slot of the next beacon period; 2 - The retransmission time falls within the next beacon period Periodic CSMA time slot; 3- retransmission time falls within the TDMA time slot and bound CSMA time slot of the next beacon period; 4- retransmission time falls after the next beacon time slot.

进一步的，所述步骤4)等待重发有以下几种情况：Further, the step 4) waiting for retransmission has the following situations:

如果收到CCO发给自己的关联回复帧，则无需重发关联请求帧；If you receive the association reply frame sent by the CCO to yourself, there is no need to resend the association request frame;

如果在等待时间内收到长度未达到最大帧长的关联确认组播帧，且组播帧中并无发送给该STA的关联确认消息，则表明CCO已没有给自己的关联确认信息，于是重发一个关联请求帧重新申请入网；If an association acknowledgement multicast frame whose length does not reach the maximum frame length is received within the waiting time, and there is no association acknowledgement message sent to the STA in the multicast frame, it indicates that the CCO has no association acknowledgement information for itself, so it restarts Send an association request frame to re-apply for network access;

如果在等待时间内收到达到最大帧长的关联确认组播帧，且组播帧中并无发送给该STA的关联确认消息，则还需继续侦听，直到等待时间结束；If an association acknowledgment multicast frame with the maximum frame length is received within the waiting time, and there is no association acknowledgment message sent to the STA in the multicast frame, it is necessary to continue listening until the waiting time expires;

如果在等待时间内没有收到CCO发给自己的关联回复帧，则重发一个关联请求帧重新申请入网。If it does not receive the association reply frame sent by the CCO within the waiting time, it will resend an association request frame to apply for network access again.

进一步的，当重传时间较小时，STA重新发送关联请求帧的时刻就会落在当前信标周期的TDMA时隙、绑定CSMA时隙或下个信标周期的信标时隙当重传时间正好落在下个信标周期的CSMA时隙内时，停止等待到下个CSMA时隙到来，此时不能马上竞争时隙，继续侦听等待整个CSMA时隙一半的时间，如果未侦听到任何关联回复帧，则竞争重发关联请求帧向CCO申请入网；如果在侦听时间内收到来自CCO的关联回复帧，则获取帧的目的地址，如果是给自己的，关闭重发机制，此时已经收到CCO的关联确认消息成功入网，不必重发关联请求帧重新入网。如果侦听到关联回复帧，但目的地址不是自己，则继续侦听，如果到侦听时间到达CSMA时隙的一半，则重发关联请求帧。Further, when the retransmission time is small, the moment when the STA retransmits the association request frame will fall in the TDMA time slot of the current beacon period, the bound CSMA time slot or the beacon time slot of the next beacon period. When the time falls within the CSMA time slot of the next beacon period, stop waiting until the next CSMA time slot arrives. At this time, the time slot cannot be competed immediately. Continue to listen and wait for half the time of the entire CSMA time slot. If any association reply frame is received, the association request frame will be retransmitted to apply for network access to the CCO; if the association reply frame is received from the CCO within the listening time, the destination address of the frame will be obtained. If it is for itself, the retransmission mechanism will be turned off. At this time, the association confirmation message from the CCO has been received and the network is successfully connected, and there is no need to resend the association request frame to re-enter the network. If an association reply frame is detected, but the destination address is not itself, continue to listen, and if the listening time reaches half of the CSMA time slot, the association request frame is resent.

进一步的，当STA重新发送关联请求帧的时刻落在下一信标周期的CSMA时隙时，先判断落在CSMA时隙前半段还是后半段，如果是前半段，则同样先侦听是否有CCO发送给自己的关联请求帧，到CSMA时隙一半处如果还未侦听到CCO发送给自己的关联回复帧，则在CSMA一半时刻重新竞争发送关联请求帧；如果从CSMA开始到CSMA一半时隙侦听到发送给自己的关联回复，则入网成功，则不必重发关联请求帧；Further, when the time when the STA resends the association request frame falls in the CSMA time slot of the next beacon period, it first determines whether it falls in the first half or the second half of the CSMA time slot. The association request frame sent by the CCO to itself, if the association reply frame sent by the CCO to itself has not been detected at the half of the CSMA time slot, it will re-compete to send the association request frame at the half time of the CSMA; if it starts from the CSMA to the half time of the CSMA If the slot detects the association reply sent to itself, the network access is successful, and there is no need to resend the association request frame;

当STA重新发送关联请求帧的时刻落在下一信标周期的TDMA和绑定CSMA时隙时，本信标周期不作处理，在下一信标周期进行处理；When the time when the STA re-sends the association request frame falls within the TDMA and bound CSMA time slots of the next beacon period, this beacon period is not processed, and the processing is performed in the next beacon period;

当STA重新发送关联请求帧的时刻落在其他信标周期时，需要停止等待到CSMA时隙进行处理。When the time when the STA resends the association request frame falls in another beacon period, it needs to stop waiting for the CSMA time slot for processing.

本发明的优点及有益效果如下：The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

本发明的创新主要是由权利要求2所述的步骤4、权利要求5的特征和权利要求6所述的步骤4)组合而成。其中，权利要求2所述的步骤4是本专利在解决BPLC网络CCO在有多个关联确认帧待发时出现报文开销和时延较大的问题；权利要求5的提出是为了避免权利要求2所述的步骤4提出的一种新的组播帧类型增加额外的字段；权利要求6所述的步骤4)的提出是为了解决本专利基于权利要求2所述的步骤4提出新的组网方法仍然存在的关联请求帧不必要重传的问题。所以，本专利提出了以上述三个创新点为基础的一种BPLC网络高效组网方法。The innovation of the present invention is mainly formed by the combination of step 4 described in claim 2, the feature of claim 5 and step 4) described in claim 6. Wherein, the step 4 described in claim 2 is to solve the problem of large packet overhead and delay when the BPLC network CCO has multiple associated confirmation frames to be sent; claim 5 is proposed to avoid the claim A new multicast frame type proposed in step 4 described in 2 adds additional fields; step 4) described in claim 6 is proposed to solve the problem that this patent proposes a new group based on step 4 described in claim 2. The network method still has the problem of unnecessary retransmission of the association request frame. Therefore, this patent proposes an efficient networking method for a BPLC network based on the above three innovations.

权利要求2所述的步骤4的优点是通过将消息队列中的关联确认消息合理地组合起来，用一个关联确认组播帧发送一组回复信息，减少了竞争时隙中发送报文的个数，加快了入网申请节点成功入网的速度。权利要求5的优点是提出了一种利用管理消息报文头部的有一个2字节大小的管理消息类型字段的0x1002-0x1400范围(其中0x0000-0x0050已被关联请求报文和关联确认报文等占用)来表示关联确认组播帧中的关联确认帧数量(汇总站点数最多包含1022个)，从而不必增加一个新的字段就能表示关联确认组播帧中的关联确认帧数量。最后，通过删除关联确认组播帧中的保留字段使控制报文开销进一步缩减。权利要求6所述的步骤4)的优点是通过给CCO节点一段时间发送上一CSMA时隙未能发送的关联回复帧，使STA重发关联请求报文的时刻落在信标周期的任意时隙都能有效减少关联请求帧的不必要重传。The advantage of the step 4 described in claim 2 is that by reasonably combining the association confirmation messages in the message queue, a group of reply information is sent by one association confirmation multicast frame, which reduces the number of messages sent in the contention time slot. , speeding up the successful access of the node applying for network access to the network. The advantage of claim 5 is to propose a method using the 0x1002-0x1400 range of the management message type field with a size of 2 bytes in the header of the management message message (wherein 0x0000-0x0050 has been associated with the request message and the association confirmation message. Equal occupation) to indicate the number of association acknowledgment frames in the association acknowledgment multicast frame (the number of aggregated sites includes a maximum of 1022), so that a new field can be added to indicate the number of association acknowledgment frames in the association acknowledgment multicast frame. Finally, the control packet overhead is further reduced by deleting the reserved field in the association acknowledgment multicast frame. The advantage of step 4) described in claim 6 is that by sending the CCO node for a period of time the association reply frame that could not be sent in the previous CSMA time slot, the time when the STA retransmits the association request message falls at any time in the beacon period. slot can effectively reduce the unnecessary retransmission of the association request frame.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是现有技术中的多用户宽带电力线通信网络图；Fig. 1 is a multi-user broadband power line communication network diagram in the prior art;

图2是宽带电力线载波通信网络协议栈层级划分图；Fig. 2 is a broadband power line carrier communication network protocol stack level division diagram;

图3是宽带电力线载波通信网络拓扑图；Fig. 3 is a broadband power line carrier communication network topology diagram;

图4关联入网帧交互流程图；Fig. 4 is associated with the network frame interaction flow chart;

图5是时隙划分示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of time slot division;

图6是关联消息发送示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of associated message sending;

图7是大规模站点示意图；Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a large-scale site;

图8是关联确认帧延迟发送示意图；FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of delayed transmission of an association confirmation frame;

图9是重发关联请求帧示意图；9 is a schematic diagram of a retransmission association request frame;

图10是关联确认组播帧未达最大帧长示意图；Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the association confirmation multicast frame not reaching the maximum frame length;

图11是关联确认组播帧已达最大帧长示意图；Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the association confirming that the multicast frame has reached the maximum frame length;

图12是自适应组播入网协议流程图；Figure 12 is a flowchart of an adaptive multicast network access protocol;

图13是关联请求帧自适应等待重发机制工作流程图；Fig. 13 is the working flow chart of association request frame adaptive waiting for retransmission mechanism;

图14是新机制CCO具体实施例工作流程图；Fig. 14 is the working flow chart of the specific embodiment of the new mechanism CCO;

图15新机制下STA具体实施例工作流程图；Figure 15 is a working flow chart of a specific embodiment of STA under the new mechanism;

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、详细地描述。所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention.

本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案是：The technical scheme that the present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems is:

本发明缩略语和关键术语Abbreviations and Key Terms of the Invention

1.1.1 BPLC的协议栈结构1.1.1 Protocol stack structure of BPLC

宽带电力线载波通信网络协议栈基于标准的开放式系统互联(OSI)七层模型，定义了物理层、数据链路层、应用层共3层，基本结构如图2所示。其中数据链路层分为网络管理子层和媒体访问控制子层(MAC子层)。数据链路层直接为应用层提供传输服务，也可扩展与标准TCP/IP进行对接以实现标准IP网络通信。The broadband power line carrier communication network protocol stack is based on the standard Open System Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer model, which defines three layers: physical layer, data link layer, and application layer. The basic structure is shown in Figure 2. The data link layer is divided into a network management sublayer and a media access control sublayer (MAC sublayer). The data link layer directly provides transmission services for the application layer, and can also be extended to connect with standard TCP/IP to realize standard IP network communication.

1.1.2 BPLC网络的组网过程1.1.2 Networking process of BPLC network

宽带电力线载波通信网络拓扑图如图3所示，BPLC的组网过程主要分为多网络网间协调、单网络组网和网络维护三个部分。The topology diagram of broadband power line carrier communication network is shown in Figure 3. The networking process of BPLC is mainly divided into three parts: coordination between multiple networks, single network networking and network maintenance.

多网络网间协调：多网络网间协调具体流程如下：Multi-network inter-network coordination: The specific process of multi-network inter-network coordination is as follows:

1)CCO启动后，首先进行一段时间的网络监听，判断周围是否存在已处于工作的宽带电力线载波通信网络。对于已经处于工作的宽带电力线载波通信网络，应周期性的发送网间协调帧，以便其他后上电的CCO进行监听。1) After the CCO is started, it first conducts network monitoring for a period of time to determine whether there is a broadband power line carrier communication network that is already working around. For a broadband power line carrier communication network that is already in operation, an inter-network coordination frame should be sent periodically so that other CCOs that are powered on later can monitor.

2)若在CCO监听时间内接收到邻居网络的网间协调帧，则需要根据网间协调帧中携带的SNID和时隙等信息，按照一定的优先原则，进行协商；若没有监听到网间协调帧，则该CCO可以独立组网工作。2) If the inter-network coordination frame of the neighbor network is received within the CCO monitoring time, it is necessary to negotiate according to the SNID and time slot and other information carried in the inter-network coordination frame according to a certain priority principle; Coordination frame, the CCO can work independently.

3)之后进行带宽协调，按照带宽协商原则将不同网络的信标时隙尽量有序的错开，既保证信标时隙的不冲突，也要保证信标时隙发送的周期性。3) Then carry out bandwidth coordination, and stagger the beacon time slots of different networks in an orderly manner according to the principle of bandwidth negotiation, which not only ensures the non-conflict of beacon time slots, but also ensures the periodicity of beacon time slot transmission.

单网络组网：为保证宽带PLC网络路由建立和数据传输的可靠性，宽带PLC网络会进行网络组网。过程如下：Single-network networking: In order to ensure the reliability of broadband PLC network routing and data transmission, the broadband PLC network will be networked. The process is as follows:

1)CCO上电后进行网络间的时隙和网络标识的协调，协调成功后进行单网络组网。1) After the CCO is powered on, the time slots and network identifiers between the networks are coordinated, and the single-network networking is performed after the coordination is successful.

2)CCO开始在信标时隙发送中央信标，收到中央信标的站点通过在CSMA时隙发送关联请求帧请求入。2) The CCO starts to send the central beacon in the beacon time slot, and the station that receives the central beacon requests entry by sending an association request frame in the CSMA time slot.

3)STA在发出关联请求帧后一段时间内未收到关联确认帧则重发关联请求帧。3) The STA resends the association request frame if it does not receive the association confirmation frame within a period of time after sending the association request frame.

4)CCO通过白名单对请求入网的站点进行认证，认证成功后将处理结果通过关联确认帧发送给入网请求的STA站点代表该节点成功入网。4) The CCO authenticates the site requesting access to the network through the whitelist. After the authentication is successful, it sends the processing result to the STA requesting access to the network through an association confirmation frame, representing the node successfully accessing the network.

5)一级节点入网成功后，CCO会为其安排信标时隙来发送发现信标，发现信标的发送，可以触发新入网站点周围的二级站点发起关联入网的请求。5) After the first-level node successfully joins the network, the CCO will arrange a beacon time slot for it to send the discovery beacon, and the transmission of the discovery beacon can trigger the second-level sites around the new entry site to initiate a request for associated network access.

6)如此循环，以便距离CCO最远的最高层级的STA站点加入网络。6) Loop so that the highest-level STA site farthest from the CCO joins the network.

关联入网帧交互如图4所示：The interaction of the associated incoming network frame is shown in Figure 4:

1.1.3 BPLC信道访问机制1.1.3 BPLC channel access mechanism

宽带电力线载波通信网络使用基于信标帧的信道访问机制，CCO周期性地发送信标帧，信标帧中包含了CCO分配的信标周期内的信标时隙，TDMA时隙，CSMA时隙，绑定CSMA时隙等时隙的规划信息。宽带电力线载波通信网络中的子节点，必须遵循CCO分配的时隙，进行信道访问。信标周期的时隙划分如图5所示：The broadband power line carrier communication network uses a channel access mechanism based on beacon frames. The CCO periodically sends beacon frames. The beacon frames include beacon time slots, TDMA time slots, and CSMA time slots in the beacon period allocated by the CCO. , Binding planning information of time slots such as CSMA time slots. Sub-nodes in the broadband power line carrier communication network must follow the time slots allocated by the CCO for channel access. The time slot division of the beacon period is shown in Figure 5:

一般的，信标时隙和TDMA时隙等明确分配给CCO或具体STA使用的时隙，统称为非竞争时隙(TDMA时隙)，CCO，PCO，STA三个角色，对于信标中时隙的管理算法必须保持统一。CCO将信标周期中的时隙分配，按照统一的算法，填充到信标中的时隙分配条目，通过信标发送，通知给PCO和STA等站点；CSMA时隙和绑定CSMA时隙等未指明使用者的时隙，需要有需求的STA竞争使用的时隙，统称为竞争时隙(CSMA时隙)。CCO在时隙规划时，根据业务需要，可以分配绑定CSMA时隙，由某种业务单独占有该时隙，凡是涉及该业务的STA，可以在该绑定CSMA时隙中，竞争发送该业务的帧。Generally, beacon time slots and TDMA time slots are clearly allocated to time slots used by CCO or specific STAs, which are collectively referred to as non-contention time slots (TDMA time slots), and the three roles of CCO, PCO and STA. The slot management algorithm must remain uniform. The CCO allocates the time slots in the beacon period, fills the time slot allocation entries in the beacon according to a unified algorithm, and sends it through the beacon to notify stations such as PCO and STA; CSMA time slots and binding CSMA time slots, etc. The time slot for which the user is not specified, and the time slot required to be used by STAs in demand, is collectively referred to as a contention time slot (CSMA time slot). In the time slot planning, the CCO can allocate and bind CSMA time slots according to the needs of the service, and a certain service can occupy the time slot alone. All STAs involved in the service can compete to send the service in the bound CSMA time slot. frame.

1.1.4 CSMA时隙1.1.4 CSMA time slot

由于本发明只涉及到CSMA时隙，所以这里只对CSMA时隙进行介绍。CSMA时隙与信标时隙、TDMA时隙不同，不是明确分配给CCO或具体STA使用的时隙，而是各种站点类型都可以共同占用的时隙。在CSMA时隙(包括绑定CSMA)中，站点必须通过信道竞争，冲突避免后，才能占用信道，进行帧发送。Since the present invention only relates to the CSMA time slot, only the CSMA time slot is introduced here. Unlike beacon time slots and TDMA time slots, CSMA time slots are not time slots explicitly allocated to CCOs or specific STAs, but time slots that can be jointly occupied by various station types. In the CSMA time slot (including the bound CSMA), the station must pass the channel competition and avoid the collision before occupying the channel and sending frames.

在CSMA时隙中发送的帧，必须保证能够在相应的CSMA时隙中传送完成，不能跨越时隙。尤其保证不能跨越到信标时隙和TDMA时隙等非竞争时隙中。在CSMA时隙中进行信道竞争时，需要进行基本的冲突判断和避免，并且通过VCS机制对信道状态进一步预判，在判断信道为空闲后才能发送相应帧。A frame sent in a CSMA time slot must be guaranteed to be transmitted in the corresponding CSMA time slot and cannot span time slots. In particular, it is guaranteed not to cross into non-contention time slots such as beacon time slots and TDMA time slots. When channel competition is performed in the CSMA time slot, basic conflict judgment and avoidance need to be performed, and the channel state is further pre-judged through the VCS mechanism, and the corresponding frame can be sent only after it is judged that the channel is idle.

在CSMA时隙中，允许多个不同类型的节点发送消息，并且允许上行和下行的多种控制帧，例如关联请求帧、关联确认帧等，但这些帧都需要竞争发送，所以CSMA使隙是竞争时隙。In the CSMA time slot, multiple nodes of different types are allowed to send messages, and various control frames of uplink and downlink are allowed, such as association request frames, association confirmation frames, etc., but these frames need to compete for transmission, so CSMA makes the slot be contend for time slots.

1.2本发明的基本假定1.2 Basic Assumptions of the Invention

1)该组网在由一个CCO和多个STA构成的单个BPLC网络中进行。1) The networking is performed in a single BPLC network composed of a CCO and multiple STAs.

2)各网络CCO设备之间已完成SNID的协商，确定了各自网络的SNID，保证了各个宽带通信网络能够独立稳定的组网。2) The SNID negotiation has been completed between the CCO devices of each network, and the SNID of each network has been determined, which ensures that each broadband communication network can be independently and stably networked.

3)宽带电力线网络中STA设备拥有一个入网等待时间阈值。3) The STA device in the broadband power line network has a network access waiting time threshold.

4)宽带电力线网络中未入网站点在入网申请后一段时间内未收到关联确认帧则重发关联请求帧。4) If the non-access point in the broadband power line network does not receive the association confirmation frame within a period of time after the application for network access, it will resend the association request frame.

5)关联确认帧、关联请求帧，以及关联确认组播帧，都只能在CSMA时隙中进行发送。5) Association acknowledgment frames, association request frames, and association acknowledgment multicast frames can only be sent in CSMA time slots.

6)每个关联回复帧不能大于Q GDW 11612.42—2016低压电力线宽带电力线载波通信互联互通技术规范所规定的最大帧长度。6) Each associated reply frame cannot be larger than the maximum frame length specified in Q GDW 11612.42-2016 Low Voltage Power Line Broadband Power Line Carrier Communication Interconnection Technical Specifications.

7)当CCO收到STA入网请求帧，准备在CSMA时隙中发送关联回复帧时，如果因为竞争不到资源或在该信标周期内已无可用时隙发送关联回复帧，必须等到下个信标周期再给STA回复关联回复帧。7) When the CCO receives the STA network access request frame and intends to send the association reply frame in the CSMA time slot, if it is unable to compete for resources or there is no available time slot in the beacon period to send the association reply frame, it must wait until the next time. In the beacon period, the STA will be sent an association reply frame.

1.3本发明要解决的技术问题1.3 Technical problems to be solved by the present invention

1.3.1关联确认帧发送机制存在控制开销和时间冗余1.3.1 There is control overhead and time redundancy in the association confirmation frame transmission mechanism

根据现有宽带电力线载波通信网络技术，在BPLC网络的组网过程中，当中央协调器CCO广播中央信标发出组网信息后，CCO有可能接收到多个未入网的STA发出的关联请求帧(此种帧用于未入网节点申请入网)；CCO需要对这些关联请求帧使用单播方式逐一回复关联确认帧；关联请求帧和关联确认帧都是在信标周期中的CSMA时隙中发送的。According to the existing broadband power line carrier communication network technology, during the networking process of the BPLC network, after the central coordinator CCO broadcasts the central beacon to send out networking information, the CCO may receive association request frames from multiple STAs that are not connected to the network. (This type of frame is used for non-connected nodes to apply for network access); CCO needs to use unicast to reply to these association request frames one by one association confirmation frame; Association request frame and association confirmation frame are sent in the CSMA time slot in the beacon period of.

大量的关联请求帧需要同样规模的关联确认帧在同一时隙竞争发送会占据大量信道资源，使系统控制开销偏大，同时会使BPLC网络的信道在CSMA时段得拥挤；在情况严重时，一些STA在发送关联请求帧之后可能在本信标周期内收不到CCO回复的关联确认帧，如图7所示，一共有10个STA发送上行的关联请求帧，其中只有8个STA成功收到CCO发送的关联确认下行帧。原因是关联请求帧和关联确认帧都是竞争发送，STA在发送了关联请求帧，CCO收到帧后检测信道是否空闲，此时由于其他STA在继续发送关联请求帧或者CCO给其他STA回复的关联确认帧还在信道中发送致使信道繁忙，CCO未竞争到信道，或者在CSMA时段的末期没有足够的时间给CCO发送关联确认帧，在这两种情况下，CCO不得不将关联确认帧暂存在消息队列。在关联确认帧暂存于消息队列期间，如果有新的关联确认帧待发，也会暂存入消息队列，这时，消息队列中就会同时存在多个待发的关联确认帧。A large number of association request frames require the same size of association confirmation frames to be sent in the same time slot, which will occupy a large number of channel resources, make the system control overhead too large, and at the same time make the channel of the BPLC network congested during the CSMA period; in severe cases, some After the STA sends the association request frame, it may not receive the association confirmation frame replied by the CCO within the beacon period. As shown in Figure 7, a total of 10 STAs send the uplink association request frame, of which only 8 STAs receive it successfully. Association acknowledgment downlink frames sent by the CCO. The reason is that the association request frame and the association confirmation frame are sent in competition. After the STA sends the association request frame, the CCO detects whether the channel is idle after receiving the frame. At this time, other STAs continue to send association request frames or the CCO responds to other STAs. The association confirmation frame is still sent in the channel so that the channel is busy, the CCO is not contending for the channel, or there is not enough time to send the association confirmation frame to the CCO at the end of the CSMA period. In both cases, the CCO has to temporarily hold the association confirmation frame. There is a message queue. While the association confirmation frame is temporarily stored in the message queue, if there is a new association confirmation frame to be sent, it will also be temporarily stored in the message queue. At this time, there will be multiple association confirmation frames to be sent in the message queue at the same time.

由此可见，如果能够发送一个关联确认帧同时对多个申请入网节点进行回复，那么，现有方案采用的CCO逐一对申请入网节点回复关联确认帧的机制，与一次回复多个节点的机制相比，存在着相对的控制开销(主要指通信开销)相对更大、节点入网耗时相对更多的问题，需要加以解决。It can be seen that if one association confirmation frame can be sent to reply to multiple nodes applying for network access at the same time, then the mechanism of CCO replying the association confirmation frame to the nodes applying for network access one by one in the existing solution is similar to the mechanism of replying to multiple nodes at a time. There are problems that the relative control overhead (mainly refers to the communication overhead) is relatively large, and the node network access time is relatively more, which needs to be solved.

1.3.2关联请求帧重发机制存在控制开销冗余1.3.2 There is control overhead redundancy in the association request frame retransmission mechanism

根据现有宽带电力线载波通信网络技术，在进行组网过程中，STA收到CCO发出的中央信标后，便向CCO发送关联请求帧申请入网；CCO收到该请求帧后，随即会向STA回复关联确认帧；关联请求帧和关联确认帧都是在CSMA竞争时隙中发送，如图5所示。如果CSMA时段信道竞争激烈，或者STA发送关联请求帧在当前CSMA时隙靠后时刻发送，CCO就有可能因为未能竞争到信道而不能在当前CSMA时段对STA发送的关联请求帧做出回复，只能等到下一信标周期的CSMA时段发送，如图8所示。According to the existing broadband power line carrier communication network technology, during the networking process, after receiving the central beacon sent by the CCO, the STA sends an association request frame to the CCO to apply for network access; after the CCO receives the request frame, it immediately sends the STA to the STA. Reply to the association confirmation frame; the association request frame and the association confirmation frame are both sent in the CSMA contention time slot, as shown in Figure 5. If the channel competition during the CSMA period is intense, or the STA sends the association request frame at a later time in the current CSMA time slot, the CCO may not be able to reply to the association request frame sent by the STA in the current CSMA period because it fails to compete for the channel. It can only wait until the CSMA period of the next beacon period is sent, as shown in Figure 8.

根据现有技术二，STA在发送关联请求帧后会启动一个定时器，在超时重发阈值内如果还未收到CCO发送的关联回复帧，STA会重发关联请求帧。如果超时重发时刻处于CSMA时隙，则直接竞争发送，如果不在CSMA时隙，则要等到下一个CSMA时隙到来再竞争发送，如图9所示。According to the second prior art, the STA will start a timer after sending the association request frame, and within the timeout retransmission threshold, if the STA has not received the association reply frame sent by the CCO, the STA will retransmit the association request frame. If the time-out retransmission time is in the CSMA time slot, the competition will be sent directly. If it is not in the CSMA time slot, the competition will be sent after the next CSMA time slot arrives, as shown in Figure 9.

根据上述关联请求帧重发机制，当CCO准备在下一CSMA时段开始时刻发送关联回复帧时，对应的STA也准备在下一CSMA时段开始时刻再次发送关联请求帧，这就会导致该重发的关联请求帧变得没有必要，造成了冗余的控制开销；因为：即使STA未重发关联请求帧，CCO也会把关联回复帧发送给它。According to the above association request frame retransmission mechanism, when the CCO prepares to send the association reply frame at the beginning of the next CSMA period, the corresponding STA also prepares to send the association request frame again at the beginning of the next CSMA period, which will lead to the association of the retransmission. The request frame becomes unnecessary, resulting in redundant control overhead; because: even if the STA does not retransmit the association request frame, the CCO will send the association reply frame to it.

1.4本发明提出的新机制1.4 The new mechanism proposed by the present invention

为了解决1.3节所述问题，本发明提出了一种高效的宽带PLC网络组网新方法。该方法的特征是：自适应组播发送关联确认帧和关联请求帧自适应等待重发。单播发送回复消息会带来偏多的控制开销，“自适应组播发送关联确认帧”新机制在有多个关联回复帧待发时，用一个帧发送一组回复信息，能够减少BPLC网络的控制开销；“关联请求帧自适应等待重发”新机制通过给CCO节点一段时间发送关联回复帧，能够减少关联请求帧的不必要重传。In order to solve the problem described in Section 1.3, the present invention proposes a new efficient broadband PLC network networking method. The method is characterized in that: the adaptive multicast sends the association confirmation frame and the association request frame adaptively and waits for retransmission. Unicast sending of reply messages will bring too much control overhead. The new mechanism of "adaptive multicast sending association confirmation frame" sends a group of reply information in one frame when there are multiple association reply frames to be sent, which can reduce the BPLC network. The new mechanism of "association request frame adaptive waiting for retransmission" can reduce unnecessary retransmission of association request frame by sending association reply frame to CCO node for a period of time.

1.4.1新机制1-自适应组播回复关联确认帧1.4.1 New Mechanism 1 - Adaptive Multicast Reply Association Confirmation Frame

对于1.3.1节所述关联确认帧数量和端对端时延较大的问题。“CCO自适应组播回复关联确认帧”新机制考虑到宽带PLC是树形拓扑，PCO下会挂载一些STA子站点，那就意味着层级越高，站点数量很可能会越多。那么很可能会有多个待入网站点发出的关联确认消息被CCO放进缓存队列里面而未及时回复，因此提出CCO自适应组播回复关联确认帧机制，并且提出了在关联确认帧数大于1时所使用的关联确认组播帧。它的基本思路如下：For the large number of association confirmation frames and end-to-end delay described in Section 1.3.1. The new mechanism of "CCO Adaptive Multicast Reply Association Confirmation Frame" takes into account that the broadband PLC is a tree topology, and some STA sub-sites will be mounted under the PCO, which means that the higher the level, the more the number of sites is likely to be. Then it is very likely that there will be association confirmation messages sent by multiple incoming sites that are put into the cache queue by the CCO and not responded in time. Therefore, the CCO adaptive multicast reply association confirmation frame mechanism is proposed, and it is proposed that the number of association confirmation frames is greater than 1. The association used when acknowledging multicast frames. Its basic idea is as follows:

在CCO发送关联确认帧时，如果发现信道繁忙，CCO将会把关联确认帧保存在关联回复队列中，待信道空闲发送。此时消息队列中可能存在多个关联确认帧，如果能将消息队列中的关联确认帧“组合起来”，由于关联回复帧有最大帧长，所以整合之后的组合帧也必须小于最大帧长，如果组合过程中发现加入一个关联请求帧就会使整个组合帧大于最大帧长，此时便不能添加，需要将组合帧发送后重新组合然后发送。将多个关联确认帧形成一个帧组播发送，便可以大大减少侦听次数，减少帧发送数量。同时还可以节省一些共用的帧头部等字段，减少了网络控制开销。故解决1.3.1节问题的思路是CCO在发送关联回复帧前，先检查自己消息队列中关联确认帧的个数，如果个数等于1，则直接发送关联确认帧。如果缓存队列中的关联确认帧大于1，将缓存队列中的关联确认帧整合，组播发送，将此组播帧命名为关联确认组播帧。所以，CCO发送的关联回复帧有两种帧格式，一种是关联确认帧，一种是关联确认组播帧。如图8所示，当CCO查询到自己缓存队列中有大于1个的关联确认帧等待发送，就将这些帧组合成关联确认帧组播发送。如果整合过程中发现加入一个关联确认帧后关联确认组播帧就大于最大帧长，则不再继续组合，将该最大的关联确认组播帧组播发送。如图10所示为最大组合个数为5个关联确认帧的示意图，图11为超过最大组合个数关联确认帧示意图。When the CCO sends the association confirmation frame, if the channel is found to be busy, the CCO will save the association confirmation frame in the association reply queue and send it when the channel is idle. At this time, there may be multiple associated acknowledgment frames in the message queue. If the associated acknowledgment frames in the message queue can be "combined", since the associated reply frame has a maximum frame length, the combined frame after integration must also be smaller than the maximum frame length. If it is found during the combination process that adding an association request frame will make the entire combined frame larger than the maximum frame length, it cannot be added at this time, and the combined frame needs to be sent and then reassembled and then sent. Multiple association acknowledgment frames are formed into one frame and sent by multicast, which can greatly reduce the number of listening and the number of frames sent. At the same time, some common fields such as frame headers can also be saved, thereby reducing network control overhead. Therefore, the idea to solve the problem in Section 1.3.1 is that before sending the association reply frame, the CCO first checks the number of association confirmation frames in its own message queue. If the number is equal to 1, it directly sends the association confirmation frame. If the association acknowledgment frame in the cache queue is greater than 1, the association acknowledgment frame in the cache queue is integrated and sent by multicast, and the multicast frame is named as the association acknowledgment multicast frame. Therefore, the association reply frame sent by the CCO has two frame formats, one is the association confirmation frame, and the other is the association confirmation multicast frame. As shown in Figure 8, when the CCO finds that there is more than one associated acknowledgment frame waiting to be sent in its own buffer queue, it combines these frames into an associated acknowledgment frame for multicast transmission. If it is found during the integration process that the association acknowledgment multicast frame is longer than the maximum frame length after adding an association acknowledgment frame, the combination is not continued, and the maximum association acknowledgment multicast frame is multicast sent. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the association confirmation frame with the maximum number of combinations being 5, and FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the association confirmation frame exceeding the maximum combination number.

本机制基本原理为：CCO查询自己队列里面的关联确认消息个数，在个数为1时单播关联确认帧，当个数大于1时，使用关联确认组播帧，以更合理地发送关联确认帧，增加了节点的入网成功率，同时减少了入网时延和控制开销。关联确认组播帧本身可以携带多个关联确认消息，因此基于关联确认帧提出关联确认组播帧，其修改如下：1.利用管理类型字段的剩余值表示此帧带有的关联确认消息的数量。2.删除管理消息帧头中的保留字段，减少帧的长度。The basic principle of this mechanism is: CCO queries the number of association confirmation messages in its own queue. When the number is 1, it unicasts association confirmation frames. When the number is greater than 1, it uses association confirmation multicast frames to send association confirmation messages more reasonably. Acknowledging the frame increases the success rate of the node's network access, while reducing the network access delay and control overhead. The association acknowledgment multicast frame itself can carry multiple association acknowledgment messages. Therefore, the association acknowledgment multicast frame is proposed based on the association acknowledgment frame. The modification is as follows: 1. The remaining value of the management type field is used to indicate the number of association acknowledgment messages in this frame. . 2. Delete the reserved field in the frame header of the management message to reduce the length of the frame.

CCO自适应组播回复关联确认帧机制流程如下：The flow of the CCO adaptive multicast reply association confirmation frame mechanism is as follows:

步骤1：CCO开机时启动邻居网络监听定时器，如果在侦听时间T内接收到网间协调帧，进行网间网络标识(NID)和时隙的协调。如果在侦听时间T内接没有收到网间协调帧则进行单网络组网。CCO在信标时隙广播中央信标。Step 1: When the CCO is powered on, the neighbor network listening timer is started, and if an inter-network coordination frame is received within the listening time T, the inter-network network identifier (NID) and time slot coordination are performed. If the inter-network coordination frame is not received within the listening time T, single-network networking is performed. The CCO broadcasts the central beacon in the beacon slot.

步骤2：邻居节点收到中央信标，检查信标的“开始关联标志位”是否为1，准备发送关联请求帧，站点准备发送前先侦听一下总线上是否有数据正在传送(线路是否忙)。若在侦听中发现信道闲，该STA站点向CCO直接发送关联请求帧。若在侦听中发现线路忙，则等待一个延时后再次侦听，若仍然忙，则继续延迟等待，若等待次数n超过阈值16，STA重发关联请求帧并标记此帧。每次延时的时间不一致，由截断的二进制指数退避算法确定延时值。若STA在一定时间内没有收到关联回复帧，则等待T时间重新发送关联请求帧，并对帧进行标记。Step 2: The neighbor node receives the central beacon, checks whether the "start association flag" of the beacon is 1, and prepares to send the association request frame. Before the station prepares to send, it first listens to whether there is data being transmitted on the bus (whether the line is busy) . If the channel is found to be idle during listening, the STA directly sends an association request frame to the CCO. If the line is found to be busy during listening, it will wait for a delay and then listen again. If it is still busy, it will continue to delay and wait. If the number of waiting times n exceeds the threshold of 16, the STA will resend the association request frame and mark the frame. The time of each delay is inconsistent, and the delay value is determined by the truncated binary exponential backoff algorithm. If the STA does not receive the association reply frame within a certain period of time, it waits for T time to resend the association request frame, and marks the frame.

步骤3：CCO收到申请入网节点发出的关联请求帧，查询该关联请求帧对应STA站点信息，进行白名单认证。CCO查询站点的层数，确定下一跳目的地址，如果是一级站点，则目的地址是本节点，如果是多层，则目的地址是请求站点对应最低级别的PCO。CCO为节点分配TEI和时隙，保存在关联回复帧中。CCO对一级站点进行关联回复，若发送关联回复时发现信道繁忙，CCO会把关联回复帧放到专门的关联回复队列中。Step 3: The CCO receives the association request frame sent by the node applying for network access, inquires about the STA site information corresponding to the association request frame, and performs whitelist authentication. The CCO queries the layer number of the site and determines the destination address of the next hop. If it is a first-level site, the destination address is the current node. If it is a multi-level site, the destination address is the PCO of the lowest level corresponding to the requesting site. The CCO allocates TEI and time slots to the nodes, which are stored in the associated reply frame. The CCO sends the association reply to the first-level site. If the channel is busy when sending the association reply, the CCO will put the association reply frame in the special association reply queue.

步骤4：检测队列中的关联回复个数，如果为1，则等待信道空闲单播发送关联确认消息。如果大于1，则取出队列里的所有关联消息，获取每个节点地址信息，形成关联确认组播帧(关联确认组播帧长度小于最大帧长，否则形成第二组播帧，第二组播帧同样不能大于最大帧长，以此类推)，待信道空闲时，发送给一级节点。Step 4: Detect the number of association replies in the queue. If it is 1, wait for the channel to be idle and send an association confirmation message by unicast. If it is greater than 1, take out all the associated messages in the queue, obtain the address information of each node, and form an association confirmation multicast frame (the association confirmation multicast frame length is less than the maximum frame length, otherwise a second multicast frame is formed, and the second multicast frame is formed. The frame also cannot be larger than the maximum frame length, and so on), and is sent to the first-level node when the channel is idle.

步骤5：一级节点判断自己是否是申请入网的节点，如果是，入网成功。如果不是，则该节点是申请入网节点最低级别的PCO，该节点通过CCO给自己发送的关联回复帧形成关联确认帧发给下一级节点，下一级节点也先判断自己是否是申请入网节点，如果不是，则该节点是入网节点的二级PCO，该节点安装地址信息继续发送该关联确认消息给自己的下级节点，以此类推，直到找到关联请求节点，入网成功。Step 5: The first-level node judges whether it is a node applying for network access, and if so, the network access is successful. If not, the node is the lowest-level PCO of the node applying for network access. The node forms an association confirmation frame through the association reply frame sent by the CCO to itself and sends it to the next-level node. The next-level node also determines whether it is the node applying for network access. , if not, the node is the secondary PCO of the network access node, the node installation address information continues to send the association confirmation message to its own subordinate nodes, and so on, until the association request node is found, and the network access is successful.

步骤6：CCO收到STA发出的关联请求帧，判断是否有重发标志，如果有，则停止发送关联确认帧，在该时隙内，只接受关联请求帧，取出节点ID和原地址等信息，形成关联确认组播帧。在Tmax时刻组播发送关联确认组播帧。组播发送关联确认组播帧的算法和自适应组播回复关联确认帧机制中一致。Step 6: The CCO receives the association request frame sent by the STA, and determines whether there is a retransmission flag. If so, it stops sending the association confirmation frame. In this time slot, only the association request frame is accepted, and information such as node ID and original address is taken out. , forming an associated acknowledgment multicast frame. The association confirmation multicast frame is multicast sent at the time Tmax. The algorithm of multicast sending association acknowledgment multicast frame is consistent with the mechanism of adaptive multicast replying association acknowledgment frame.

步骤7：一级节点判断自己是否是申请入网的节点，如果是，入网成功。如果不是，则该节点是申请入网节点最低级别的PCO，继续向下级节点发送，直到发送到入网申请节点，入网成功。此过程和自适应组播回复关联确认帧机制中节点判断是否是申请入网节点过程一致。Step 7: The first-level node judges whether it is the node applying for network access, and if so, the network access is successful. If not, the node is the lowest-level PCO of the node applying for network access, and continues to send to the lower-level node until it is sent to the node applying for network access, and the network access is successful. This process is consistent with the process of node judging whether it is a node applying for network access in the adaptive multicast reply association confirmation frame mechanism.

自适应组播入网协议流程如图12所示：Figure 12 shows the flow of the adaptive multicast access protocol:

关联确认组播帧：Association acknowledgment multicast frame:

如表1为关联确认帧主要帧字段的帧格式表。在宽带PLC网络中，关联确认报文是一种管理消息报文，该报文的报文头有一个2字节大小的管理消息类型字段，如表2为管理消息的类型，其中0x0000-0x0050范围已被其他关联消息报文部分使用，为了与已有的管理消息类型相区分，并且在不增加新的字段的基础上又能够包含关联确认帧数量信息，新提出的关联确认组播帧的消息类型的最高位设置为1。在关联确认帧的数量大于1个情况下使用关联确认组播帧，因此使用0x1002-0x1400范围表示关联确认组播帧中的关联确认帧数量(汇总站点数最多包含1022个)，0x1401-0x14FF范围定义为关联确认帧数量的保留部分，关联确认组播帧管理消息类型如表3所示，关联确认组播帧格式如表4所示。其中保留字段对于新提出的关联确认组播帧没有实质性的作用，因此从减少网络开销的角度对其进行删除；考虑到携带同一数量的关联确认组播帧的管理类型字段相同的情况，该机制可以通过关联确认组播帧中所携带的不同的关联确认消息的目的地址来区分不同的关联确认组播帧；关联确认组播帧不能超过现有技术二允许的最大帧长。As shown in Table 1, the frame format table of the main frame field of the associated confirmation frame is shown. In the broadband PLC network, the association confirmation message is a management message message. The header of the message has a 2-byte management message type field, as shown in Table 2 for the management message type, where 0x0000-0x0050 The range has been used by other association message packets. In order to distinguish it from the existing management message types, and to include the number of association acknowledgment frames without adding new fields, the newly proposed association acknowledgment multicast frame The MSB of the message type is set to 1. When the number of association acknowledgment frames is greater than 1, the association acknowledgment multicast frame is used, so the range of 0x1002-0x1400 is used to indicate the number of association acknowledgment frames in the association acknowledgment multicast frame (the number of aggregated sites can be up to 1022), and the range of 0x1401-0x14FF It is defined as the reserved part of the number of association acknowledgment frames. The type of the association acknowledgment multicast frame management message is shown in Table 3, and the format of the association acknowledgment multicast frame is shown in Table 4. The reserved field has no substantial effect on the newly proposed association acknowledgment multicast frame, so it is deleted from the perspective of reducing network overhead; The mechanism can distinguish different association acknowledgment multicast frames by the destination addresses of different association acknowledgment messages carried in the association acknowledgment multicast frame; the association acknowledgment multicast frame cannot exceed the maximum frame length allowed by the second prior art.

表1关联确认帧表Table 1 Association confirmation frame table

表2管理消息类型Table 2 Management message types

管理消息名称Manage message names 管理消息类型标识符management message type identifier 关联请求Association request 0x00000x0000 关联确认Association confirmation 0x00010x0001 关联汇总指示Associated Summary Indication 0x00020x0002 代理变更请求Proxy Change Request 0x00030x0003 代理变更确认Proxy Change Confirmation 0x00040x0004 代理变更确认Proxy Change Confirmation 0x00050x0005 离线指示Offline instructions 0x00060x0006 心跳检测Heartbeat detection 0x00070x0007 发现列表discovery list 0x00080x0008 通信成功率上报Communication success rate report 0x00090x0009 网络冲突上报Network conflict report 0x000A0x000A 过零NTB采集指示Zero-Crossing NTB Acquisition Indication 0x000B0x000B 过零NTB上报Zero-crossing NTB report 0x000C0x000C 保留reserve 0x000D-0x004F0x000D-0x004F 路由请求route request 0x00500x0050

表3新机制1管理消息类型Table 3 New Mechanism 1 Management Message Type

管理消息名称Manage message names 管理消息类型标识符management message type identifier 关联确认组播Association Confirmation Multicast 0x1002-0x14000x1002-0x1400 保留reserve 0x1401-0x14FF0x1401-0x14FF

表4关联确认组播帧Table 4 Association acknowledgment multicast frame

1.4.2新机制2-关联请求帧自适应等待重发1.4.2 New Mechanism 2 - Association Request Frame Adaptive Waiting for Retransmission

“关联请求帧自适应等待重发”新机制主要作用在单网络组网时STA向CCO发送关联请求帧请求入网，CCO给待入网站点回复关联请求帧期间。它的基本思路如下：The new mechanism of "association request frame adaptive waiting for retransmission" is mainly used when the STA sends an association request frame to the CCO to request network access when a single network is formed, and the CCO replies the association request frame to the incoming site. Its basic idea is as follows:

对于1.3.2节所述关联确认帧重发机制不合理的问题，考虑到现有技术2中要求，下一周期的CSMA时隙STA可能会重新发送关联请求帧。但是，未收到关联回复帧的原因有可能是CCO在上个信标时隙的CSMA时隙因未竞争到信道而在下一信标周期的CSMA时隙发送，并不是因为CCO未向STA发送关联回复帧而造成STA重发关联请求帧，所以如果确保上个CSMA周期未发出的关联回复帧在重发的关联请求帧之前发送，STA收到对应的关联回复帧，则不再重发关联请求帧，这样就比原有的机制少发送关联请求帧，由此网络的控制开销得到有效降低。For the problem that the retransmission mechanism of the association confirmation frame described in section 1.3.2 is unreasonable, considering the requirements in the prior art 2, the STA may retransmit the association request frame in the CSMA time slot of the next cycle. However, the reason why the association reply frame is not received may be that the CCO sent the CSMA time slot in the CSMA time slot of the previous beacon time slot in the CSMA time slot of the next beacon period because it did not compete for the channel, not because the CCO did not send it to the STA. The association reply frame causes the STA to resend the association request frame. Therefore, if it is ensured that the association reply frame that was not sent in the previous CSMA cycle is sent before the retransmitted association request frame, and the STA receives the corresponding association reply frame, it will not re-send the association request frame. request frames, so that fewer association request frames are sent than the original mechanism, thereby effectively reducing the control overhead of the network.

在STA发送请求消息后的一段时间内没有收到回复消息，STA会在下一个信标周期重发请求消息，请求消息可能会在CSMA以外的时段重发，在CSMA内重发请求消息可能会产生信道冲突，这会导致重发时间的增大而导致时延增大，因此提出了关联请求帧重发时间的自适应调整机制，将优先在CSMA竞争时隙中发送上一周期未发送的关联回复帧；同时使STA持续侦听一段时间，如果未侦听到CCO发送给自己的关联回复帧，则重发关联请求帧请求入网。“关联请求帧自适应等待重发机制”主要操作如下：If the STA does not receive a reply message within a period of time after sending the request message, the STA will resend the request message in the next beacon cycle. The request message may be retransmitted outside the CSMA. Channel conflict, which will increase the retransmission time and increase the delay. Therefore, an adaptive adjustment mechanism for the retransmission time of the association request frame is proposed, which will give priority to sending the associations that were not sent in the previous cycle in the CSMA contention time slot. Reply frame; at the same time, the STA will continue to listen for a period of time. If it does not detect the association reply frame sent by the CCO to itself, it will resend the association request frame to request network access. The main operations of the "Association Request Frame Adaptive Waiting for Retransmission Mechanism" are as follows:

1)STA站点发送入网请求消息，并开启重发请求帧时钟，重发关联请求帧会出现以下几种情况：1) The STA station sends a network access request message and turns on the retransmission request frame clock. The following situations will occur when retransmitting the association request frame:

0-重发时间过短，落在当前信标周期的TDMA时隙或绑定CSMA时隙；1-重发时间落在下一信标周期的信标时隙；2-重发时间落在下一周期的CSMA时隙；3-重发时间落在下一信标周期的TDMA时隙和绑定CSMA时隙；4-重发时间落在下个信标时隙以后。0 - The retransmission time is too short and falls within the TDMA time slot or the bound CSMA time slot of the current beacon period; 1 - The retransmission time falls within the beacon time slot of the next beacon period; 2 - The retransmission time falls within the next beacon period Periodic CSMA time slot; 3- retransmission time falls within the TDMA time slot and bound CSMA time slot of the next beacon period; 4- retransmission time falls after the next beacon time slot.

2)CCO收到关联请求帧后，根据“CCO自适应组播回复关联确认帧”新机制发送关联回复帧。2) After the CCO receives the association request frame, it sends the association reply frame according to the new mechanism of "CCO adaptive multicast reply association confirmation frame".

3)若关联回复帧在CSMA时隙被STA成功接收，则STA入网成功。如果关联回复帧在该CSMA时隙未成功竞争到信道，则等待到下个CSMA时隙优先发送关联回复帧。3) If the association reply frame is successfully received by the STA in the CSMA time slot, the STA successfully joins the network. If the association reply frame does not successfully compete for the channel in the CSMA time slot, the association reply frame will be sent preferentially until the next CSMA time slot.

4)入网申请站点如若在重发帧计时器溢出后仍未收到关联回复帧且关联请求帧只能在下一CSMA时段重发，则先在CSMA时隙中等待一段时间，推荐值为CSMA时段长度值的一半，看是否有CCO发给该STA的关联回复。等待重发有以下几种情况：4) If the network access application site does not receive the association reply frame after the retransmission frame timer overflows and the association request frame can only be retransmitted in the next CSMA period, it will wait for a period of time in the CSMA time slot. The recommended value is the CSMA period. Half of the length value to see if there is an association reply sent by the CCO to the STA. There are the following situations for waiting for retransmission:

(1)如果收到CCO发给自己的关联回复帧，则无需重发关联请求帧。(1) If the association reply frame sent by the CCO is received, there is no need to resend the association request frame.

(2)如果在等待时间内收到长度未达到最大帧长的关联确认组播帧，且组播帧中并无发送给该STA的关联确认消息，则表明CCO已没有给自己的关联确认信息，于是重发一个关联请求帧重新申请入网。(2) If an association acknowledgment multicast frame whose length does not reach the maximum frame length is received within the waiting time, and there is no association acknowledgment message sent to the STA in the multicast frame, it indicates that the CCO has no association acknowledgment information for itself. , so re-send an association request frame to re-apply for network access.

(3)如果在等待时间内收到达到最大帧长的关联确认组播帧，且组播帧中并无发送给该STA的关联确认消息，则还需继续侦听，直到等待时间结束。(3) If an association acknowledgment multicast frame with the maximum frame length is received within the waiting time, and there is no association acknowledgment message sent to the STA in the multicast frame, it is necessary to continue listening until the waiting time ends.

(4)如果在等待时间内没有收到CCO发给自己的关联回复帧，则重发一个关联请求帧重新申请入网。(4) If the association reply frame sent by the CCO to itself is not received within the waiting time, it will resend an association request frame to apply for network access again.

下面对每一种重发请求帧的时间做出详细阐述：The time for each retransmission request frame is explained in detail below:

(1)当重传时间较小时，STA重新发送关联请求帧的时刻就会落在当前信标周期的TDMA时隙、绑定CSMA时隙或下个信标周期的信标时隙当重传时间正好落在下个信标周期的CSMA时隙内时，停止等待到下个CSMA时隙到来，此时不能马上竞争时隙，继续侦听等待整个CSMA时隙一半的时间，如果未侦听到任何关联回复帧。则竞争重发关联请求帧向CCO申请入网。如果在侦听时间内收到来自CCO的关联回复帧，则获取帧的目的地址，如果是给自己的，关闭重发机制，此时已经收到CCO的关联确认消息成功入网，不必重发关联请求帧重新入网。如果侦听到关联回复帧，但目的地址不是自己，则继续侦听，如果到侦听时间到达CSMA时隙的一半，则重发关联请求帧。(1) When the retransmission time is small, the time when the STA retransmits the association request frame will fall in the TDMA time slot of the current beacon period, the bound CSMA time slot or the beacon time slot of the next beacon period. When the time falls within the CSMA time slot of the next beacon period, stop waiting until the next CSMA time slot arrives. At this time, the time slot cannot be competed immediately. Continue to listen and wait for half the time of the entire CSMA time slot. Any associated reply frame. Then the competition retransmits the association request frame to apply to the CCO for network access. If an association reply frame from the CCO is received within the listening time, the destination address of the frame is obtained. If it is for itself, the retransmission mechanism is turned off. At this time, the association confirmation message from the CCO has been received and the network has been successfully connected, and there is no need to resend the association. Request frame to re-enter the network. If an association reply frame is detected, but the destination address is not itself, continue to listen, and if the listening time reaches half of the CSMA time slot, the association request frame is resent.

(2)同样地，当STA重新发送关联请求帧的时刻落在下一信标周期的CSMA时隙时，先判断落在CSMA时隙前半段还是后半段，如果是前半段，则同样先侦听是否有CCO发送给自己的关联请求帧，到CSMA时隙一半处如果还未侦听到CCO发送给自己的关联回复帧，则在CSMA一半时刻重新竞争发送关联请求帧；如果从CSMA开始到CSMA一半时隙侦听到发送给自己的关联回复，则入网成功，则不必重发关联请求帧。(2) Similarly, when the time when the STA resends the association request frame falls in the CSMA time slot of the next beacon period, it first determines whether it falls in the first half or the second half of the CSMA time slot. If it is the first half, then the same first detection Listen to whether there is an association request frame sent by the CCO to itself. If the CCO has not heard the association reply frame sent to it by the half of the CSMA time slot, it will compete to send the association request frame again at half the time of CSMA; if it starts from CSMA to If the CSMA detects the association reply sent to itself in half of the time slot, the network access is successful, and there is no need to resend the association request frame.

(3)当STA重新发送关联请求帧的时刻落在下一信标周期的TDMA和绑定CSMA时隙时，本信标周期不作处理，在下一信标周期进行处理，处理方式同第(1)种处理方式。(3) When the time when the STA re-sends the association request frame falls in the TDMA and bound CSMA time slots of the next beacon period, this beacon period will not be processed, but will be processed in the next beacon period, and the processing method is the same as (1) a way of processing.

(4)当STA重新发送关联请求帧的时刻落在其他信标周期时，需要停止等待到CSMA时隙进行处理，处理方式同第(1)种处理方式。(4) When the time when the STA re-sends the association request frame falls in another beacon period, it needs to stop waiting until the CSMA time slot for processing, and the processing method is the same as the processing method (1).

“关联请求帧自适应等待重发机制”工作流程图13所示："Association Request Frame Adaptive Waiting for Retransmission Mechanism" work flow chart 13 is shown:

1.5本发明技术实现的具体实施例1.5 The specific embodiment of the technical realization of the present invention

在宽带电力线载波组网过程中，CCO发送关联确认帧时采用的是逐一发送的形式，当网络规模较大时，CCO对入网申请节点进行逐一关联确认回复可能导致关联确认帧在CCO缓存队列不能及时发送造成时延和组网控制开销增大。In the broadband power line carrier networking process, the CCO sends the association confirmation frames one by one. When the network scale is large, the CCO sends the association confirmation responses to the network application nodes one by one, which may cause the association confirmation frames to fail in the CCO cache queue. Sending in time increases the delay and networking control overhead.

现有技术中没有具体规定关联请求帧重发的时间，CCO在发送关联请求帧后的一段时间内没有收到关联确认消息，那么就要考虑重发关联请求帧，如果关联请求帧重发时间落在CSMA以外的时隙，就会导致关联请求帧再推迟到下一个CSMA时隙重新发送，增大了时延；即使在CSMA发送，考虑到CCO回复的关联回复帧可能在上一个CSMA时隙因未竞争到信道而不得不在下一个CSMA时隙发送的情况，这样的情况是不需要重发关联请求帧的，如果发了，必然会增加网络的控制开销。In the prior art, there is no specific provision for the retransmission time of the association request frame. If the CCO does not receive the association confirmation message within a period of time after sending the association request frame, it must consider retransmitting the association request frame. If the association request frame retransmission time is The time slot that falls outside the CSMA will cause the association request frame to be postponed to the next CSMA time slot and retransmitted, increasing the delay; even if the CSMA is sent, considering that the association reply frame replied by the CCO may be in the previous CSMA time slot In the case where the slot has to be sent in the next CSMA time slot because it has not competed for the channel, it is not necessary to re-send the association request frame. If it is sent, it will inevitably increase the control overhead of the network.

本发明提出的一种高效的宽带PLC网络组网新方法，在单网络环境下，对关联确认帧的进行组播发送，对关联请求帧的重发时间进行优化规定。The invention proposes a new efficient broadband PLC network networking method. In a single network environment, the association confirmation frame is sent by multicast, and the retransmission time of the association request frame is optimized and specified.

新方法的主要操作如下：The main operations of the new method are as follows:

1)PLC设备首先进行初始化，CCO设备与STA设备上电；1) The PLC device is initialized first, and the CCO device and the STA device are powered on;

2)单网络环境下，CCO广播中央信标帧发起单网络组网过程；2) In a single network environment, the CCO broadcasts the central beacon frame to initiate the single network networking process;

3)STA收到信标帧，STA设备开始发送关联请求帧；3) The STA receives the beacon frame, and the STA device starts to send the association request frame;

4)CCO收到关联请求帧后，根据“CCO自适应组播回复关联确认帧机制”自适应的给一级站点发送关联回复帧。4) After the CCO receives the association request frame, it adaptively sends the association reply frame to the first-level site according to the "CCO adaptive multicast reply association confirmation frame mechanism".

5)STA在一段时间内未收到关联确认帧或关联确认组播帧，根据“关联请求帧自适应等待重发机制”向CCO重新发送关联请求帧。5) The STA does not receive the association confirmation frame or the association confirmation multicast frame within a period of time, and retransmits the association request frame to the CCO according to the "association request frame adaptive waiting for retransmission mechanism".

6)STA收到关联确认帧或者关联确认帧，组网成功。6) The STA receives the association confirmation frame or the association confirmation frame, and the networking is successful.

如图14所示为CCO在接收到一级站点发送或转发的关联请求帧后的的流程：Figure 14 shows the flow of the CCO after receiving the association request frame sent or forwarded by the primary site:

如图15所示的STA在一段时间内未接收到CCO发送的关联回复帧过程中的实例描述：As shown in Figure 15, the STA does not receive the association reply frame sent by the CCO for a period of time. Example description:

1.6本发明技术方案带来的有益效果1.6 Beneficial effects brought by the technical solution of the present invention

本发明技术方案带来的有益效果主要体现在以下方面：The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution of the present invention are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1)该发明对关联确认帧的自适应组播发送，由需要多个关联确认帧的控制开销降低到只需要一个帧的控制开销，因此减少了控制开销，而且有利于降低组网时延。1) The invention reduces the control overhead of multiple association confirmation frames to the control overhead of only one frame for the adaptive multicast transmission of the association confirmation frame, thus reducing the control overhead and reducing the networking delay.

2)该发明对关联请求帧的自适应等待重发，能够有效减少关联请求帧的不必要重发，有利于减少控制开销，提高组网方法的效率。2) The invention adaptively waits for the retransmission of the association request frame, which can effectively reduce the unnecessary retransmission of the association request frame, which is beneficial to reduce the control overhead and improve the efficiency of the networking method.

1.7本发明的技术关键点和欲保护点1.7 Technical key points of the present invention and points to be protected

本发明的技术关键点和欲保护点具体如下：The technical key point of the present invention and the point to be protected are as follows:

(1)新机制1-CCO自适应组播回复关联确认帧机制。(1) New mechanism 1-CCO adaptive multicast reply association confirmation frame mechanism.

(2)新机制2-关联请求帧自适应等待重发机制。(2) New Mechanism 2 - Association Request Frame Adaptive Waiting for Retransmission Mechanism.

还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should also be noted that the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also Other elements not expressly listed, or which are inherent to such a process, method, article of manufacture, or apparatus are also included. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article of manufacture, or device that includes the element.

以上这些实施例应理解为仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的保护范围。在阅读了本发明的记载的内容之后，技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等效变化和修饰同样落入本发明权利要求所限定的范围。The above embodiments should be understood as only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention. After reading the contents of the description of the present invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.