CN114447612A - Millimeter wave PCB antenna structure - Google Patents
- ️Fri May 06 2022
CN114447612A - Millimeter wave PCB antenna structure - Google Patents
Millimeter wave PCB antenna structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114447612A CN114447612A CN202111619522.6A CN202111619522A CN114447612A CN 114447612 A CN114447612 A CN 114447612A CN 202111619522 A CN202111619522 A CN 202111619522A CN 114447612 A CN114447612 A CN 114447612A Authority
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave PCB antenna structure which comprises a dielectric block, wherein four first-layer radiating bodies are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric block, an isolation metal body is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the dielectric block, a plurality of antenna grounding metal bodies are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the dielectric block, a plurality of feed contact points are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the dielectric block, a second-layer radiating body is arranged on the lower surface of the first-layer radiating body, a third-layer radiating body is arranged on the lower surface of the second-layer radiating body, a feed column is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric block, and a plurality of feed holes are formed in the upper surface of the dielectric block. This millimeter wave PCB antenna structure, via hole coupling connection third layer irradiator and lug connection second layer irradiator, the high frequency bandwidth of antenna can be increased to first layer irradiator and second layer irradiator coupling to this antenna structure's preparation simple process can realize the dual-frenquency structure of millimeter wave band, has dual polarization radiation characteristic gain, and the practicality is higher.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域，具体为一种毫米波PCB天线结构。The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a millimeter wave PCB antenna structure.
背景技术Background technique
5G即为第五代移动通信技术，是一种具有高速率、低时延和大连接特点的新一代宽带移动通信技术，是实现人机物互联的网络基础设施，随着5G越来越普及，特别是FR2毫米波段的应用越来越多, 使得相应的5G毫米天线需求也越来越多。5G is the fifth generation mobile communication technology. It is a new generation of broadband mobile communication technology with high speed, low latency and large connection. , especially the increasing application of FR2 millimeter band, which makes the corresponding 5G millimeter antenna demand more and more.
对于5G 小型通讯设备中，要求天线的尺寸也要足够小，并且天线的辐射性能好，并且要求制作工艺简单，而现有的天线制作难度较高，难以实现毫米波双段双频结构及双极化辐射特性，使用时较为不便。For 5G small communication equipment, the size of the antenna is required to be small enough, the radiation performance of the antenna is good, and the manufacturing process is required to be simple. However, the existing antenna is difficult to manufacture, and it is difficult to realize the millimeter-wave dual-segment dual-band structure and dual-frequency structure. Polarized radiation characteristics, it is more inconvenient to use.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种毫米波PCB天线结构，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background art.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种毫米波PCB天线结构，包括介质块，所述介质块的上表面安装有四个第一层辐射体，介质块的上表面固定连接有隔离金属体，介质块的下表面固定连接有若干个天线接地金属体，介质块的下表面固定连接有若干个馈电接触点，第一层辐射体的下表面设置有第二层辐射体，第二层辐射体的下表面设置有第三层辐射体，介质块的上表面设置有馈电柱，介质块的上表面开设有若干个馈电孔，介质块的下表面固定连接有反射地层，反射地层的下表面开设有四个过孔。In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure, comprising a dielectric block, four first-layer radiators are installed on the upper surface of the dielectric block, and an isolation device is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the dielectric block. The metal body, the lower surface of the dielectric block is fixedly connected with a number of antenna grounding metal bodies, the lower surface of the dielectric block is fixedly connected with a number of feeding contact points, the lower surface of the first layer of radiators is provided with a second layer of radiators, The lower surface of the second-layer radiator is provided with a third-layer radiator, the upper surface of the dielectric block is provided with feeding posts, the upper surface of the dielectric block is provided with a number of feeding holes, and the lower surface of the dielectric block is fixedly connected with a reflective ground layer. The lower surface of the reflection layer is provided with four via holes.
优选的，所述馈电接触点与馈电系统电性连接。Preferably, the feeding contact point is electrically connected to the feeding system.
优选的，所述馈电孔将第二层辐射体与馈电接触点电性连接。Preferably, the feeding hole electrically connects the second-layer radiator with the feeding contact point.
优选的，所述第三层辐射体与第二层辐射体相耦合，且与馈电孔通过一定间隙相耦合，第二层辐射体与馈电孔相耦合。Preferably, the third-layer radiator is coupled with the second-layer radiator, and is coupled with the feeding hole through a certain gap, and the second-layer radiator is coupled with the feeding hole.
优选的，所述馈电柱将隔离金属体与天线接地金属体耦合连接。Preferably, the feeding column couples the isolation metal body to the antenna grounding metal body.
优选的，所述天线接地金属体通过过孔与反射地层电性连接。Preferably, the antenna ground metal body is electrically connected to the reflection ground layer through a via hole.
有益效果beneficial effect
本发明提供了一种毫米波PCB天线结构，具备以下有益效果：The present invention provides a millimeter wave PCB antenna structure, which has the following beneficial effects:
1．该毫米波PCB天线结构，过孔耦合连接第三层辐射体和直接连接第二层辐射体，第一层辐射体和第二层辐射体耦合，能够增加天线的高频带宽，并且该天线结构的制作工艺简单，能够实现毫米波段的双频结构，具有双极化辐射特性增益，实用性较高。1. In the millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure, the third-layer radiator is coupled and the second-layer radiator is directly connected, and the first-layer radiator and the second-layer radiator are coupled, which can increase the high-frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and the antenna structure The manufacturing process is simple, the dual-frequency structure of the millimeter wave band can be realized, the dual-polarized radiation characteristic gain is obtained, and the practicability is high.
2．该毫米波PCB天线结构，天线接地金属体是地点与系统地的接触点，通过四个过孔与反射地层连接，能够使天线尽可能和系统接触良好，进而能够使天线的性能达到最优，使用时更加方便。2. In the millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure, the antenna ground metal body is the contact point between the site and the system ground. It is connected to the reflection ground layer through four vias, so that the antenna can be in good contact with the system as much as possible, and the performance of the antenna can be optimized. More convenient to use.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明内部正视结构示意图；1 is a schematic view of the internal frontal structure of the present invention;
图2为本发明俯视结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the top view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图3为本发明仰视结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the bottom view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图4为本发明第二层天线辐射体俯视结构示意图；FIG. 4 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of the second-layer antenna radiator of the present invention;
图5为本发明第三层天线辐射体俯视结构示意图；FIG. 5 is a schematic top-view structure diagram of the third-layer antenna radiator of the present invention;
图6为本发明反射地层俯视结构示意图；Fig. 6 is the top-view structure schematic diagram of reflective formation of the present invention;
图7为本发明馈点与地点与系统接触点结构示意图；7 is a schematic structural diagram of a feed point, a location, and a system contact point of the present invention;
图8为本发明其中一个天线端口的回波损耗图；8 is a return loss diagram of one of the antenna ports of the present invention;
图9为本发明其中一个天线端口的效率图；9 is an efficiency diagram of one of the antenna ports of the present invention;
图10为本发明其中一个天线端口的增益图。FIG. 10 is a gain diagram of one of the antenna ports of the present invention.
图中：1、介质块，2、第一层辐射体，3、隔离金属体，4、天线接地金属体，5、馈电接触点，6、第二层辐射体，7、第三层辐射体，8、馈电柱，9、馈电孔，10、反射地层，11、过孔。In the figure: 1. Dielectric block, 2. Radiator of the first layer, 3. Isolated metal body, 4. Antenna grounding metal body, 5. Feeding contact point, 6. Radiator of the second layer, 7. Radiation of the third layer Body, 8. Feeding column, 9. Feeding hole, 10. Reflective formation, 11. Via.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
请参阅图1-10，本发明提供一种技术方案：一种毫米波PCB天线结构，包括介质块1，介质块1的上表面安装有四个第一层辐射体2，介质块1的上表面固定连接有隔离金属体3，介质块1的下表面固定连接有若干个天线接地金属体4，介质块1的下表面固定连接有若干个馈电接触点5，馈电接触点5与馈电系统电性连接，第一层辐射体2的下表面设置有第二层辐射体6，第二层辐射体6的下表面设置有第三层辐射体7，第三层辐射体7与第二层辐射体6相耦合，第一层辐射体2和第二层辐射体6以及第二层辐射体6和第三层辐射体7之间均有一定距离，不直接连接，且各辐射体之间均通过介质填充。1-10, the present invention provides a technical solution: a millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure, including a dielectric block 1, four first-layer radiators 2 are mounted on the upper surface of the dielectric block 1, and the upper surface of the dielectric block 1 is The surface of the dielectric block 1 is fixedly connected with an isolation metal body 3 , the lower surface of the dielectric block 1 is fixedly connected with a number of antenna grounding metal bodies 4 , and the lower surface of the dielectric block 1 is fixedly connected with a number of feeding contacts 5 . The electrical system is electrically connected, the lower surface of the first layer of radiator 2 is provided with a second layer of radiator 6, the lower surface of the second layer of radiator 6 is provided with a third layer of radiator 7, and the third layer of radiator 7 is connected to the The second-layer radiators 6 are coupled, the first-layer radiators 2 and the second-layer radiators 6 and the second-layer radiators 6 and the third-layer radiators 7 have a certain distance, not directly connected, and each radiator are filled with medium.
介质块的上表面设置有馈电柱8，馈电柱8将隔离金属体3与天线接地金属体4耦合连接，介质块1的上表面开设有若干个馈电孔9，第三层辐射体7与馈电孔9通过一定间隙相耦合，第二层辐射体6与馈电孔9相耦合，馈电孔9将第二层辐射体6与馈电接触点5电性连接，第三层辐射体7和馈电和第二层辐射体6耦合，产生天线的第一个谐振，第二层辐射体6和馈电直接相连，产生天线的第二个谐振，第三层辐射7和第二层耦合6，增加第二个谐振的带宽。The upper surface of the dielectric block is provided with a feeding column 8, which couples the isolation metal body 3 with the antenna grounding metal body 4, and the upper surface of the dielectric block 1 is provided with a number of feeding holes 9, and the third layer radiator 7 is coupled with the feeding hole 9 through a certain gap, the second layer radiator 6 is coupled with the feeding hole 9, and the feeding hole 9 electrically connects the second layer radiator 6 with the feeding contact point 5, and the third layer The radiator 7 is coupled with the feed and the second radiator 6 to generate the first resonance of the antenna, the second radiator 6 is directly connected to the feed to generate the second resonance of the antenna, and the third radiator 7 and the first resonance are generated. Two-layer coupling 6, increasing the bandwidth of the second resonance.
介质块1的下表面固定连接有反射地层10，反射地层10的下表面开设有四个过孔11，天线接地金属体4通过过孔11与反射地层10电性连接。A reflection ground layer 10 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the dielectric block 1 . Four via holes 11 are formed on the lower surface of the reflection ground layer 10 , and the antenna ground metal body 4 is electrically connected to the reflection ground layer 10 through the via holes 11 .
图中201、202、203、204均为第一层辐射体，301、302为隔离金属体，401、402、403、404、405、406、407均为天线接地金属体，501、502、511、512、521、522、531、532均为馈电接触点，601、602、603、604均为第二层辐射体，701、702、703、704均为第三层辐射体，801、802、811、812均为馈电柱，901、902、911、912、921、922、931、932均为馈电孔，111、112、113、114均为过孔。In the figure, 201, 202, 203, and 204 are the first-layer radiators, 301, 302 are isolated metal bodies, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, and 407 are the antenna grounding metal bodies, and 501, 502, and 511 , 512, 521, 522, 531, 532 are all feed contacts, 601, 602, 603, 604 are the second-layer radiators, 701, 702, 703, 704 are the third-layer radiators, 801, 802 , 811, 812 are feed posts, 901, 902, 911, 912, 921, 922, 931, 932 are feed holes, and 111, 112, 113, 114 are vias.
图8，9，10是从馈电点501引测试线测出的实验数据参数，其他馈电接触点502，511，512，521，522，531，532也能测试出趋势一致的数据，这里不再累述，图8回波损耗图，横坐标为频率，单位为GHz，纵坐标回波损耗值，单位为dB，图中表明这种结构可以同时产生两个谐振，工作频段可以在27.5GHz到28.35GHz，37GHz到40GHz.实现毫米波高低频的双频段传输，图9天线效率图，横着坐标为频率，单位是GHz，纵坐标效率单位为dB 在工作频段上效率可以实现-2dB的性能比较优秀，图10中，周向数值为角度，弦向数列为分贝（dB），图中表明单个天线增益能达到4dBi，可以实现应用要求。Figures 8, 9, and 10 are the experimental data parameters measured from the feed point 501 and the test lead. Other feed contacts 502, 511, 512, 521, 522, 531, and 532 can also test data with the same trend. Here No more repeating, the return loss diagram in Figure 8, the abscissa is the frequency, the unit is GHz, the ordinate is the return loss value, the unit is dB, the figure shows that this structure can generate two resonances at the same time, and the working frequency band can be 27.5 GHz to 28.35GHz, 37GHz to 40GHz. To achieve dual-band transmission of millimeter wave high and low frequency, Figure 9 is the antenna efficiency diagram, the horizontal axis is the frequency, the unit is GHz, and the vertical axis efficiency unit is dB. The efficiency can achieve -2dB performance in the working frequency band It is excellent. In Figure 10, the circumferential value is the angle, and the chord direction is the decibel (dB). The figure shows that the gain of a single antenna can reach 4dBi, which can meet the application requirements.
工作原理：第一层辐射体2和第二层辐射体6耦合，同时过孔11耦合连接第三层辐射体7和直接连接第二层辐射体6，能够增加天线的高频带宽，且该天线结构的制作工艺简单，能够实现毫米波段的双频结构，具有双极化辐射特性增益，天线接地金属体4是地点与系统地的接触点，通过四个过孔11与反射地层10连接，能够使天线尽可能和系统接触良好，进而能够使天线的性能达到最优，使用时更加方便。Working principle: the first-layer radiator 2 and the second-layer radiator 6 are coupled, and the via 11 is coupled to connect the third-layer radiator 7 and directly connect the second-layer radiator 6, which can increase the high-frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and the The manufacturing process of the antenna structure is simple, it can realize the dual-frequency structure of the millimeter wave band, and has dual-polarized radiation characteristic gain. The antenna can be in good contact with the system as much as possible, so that the performance of the antenna can be optimized, and it is more convenient to use.
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1.一种毫米波PCB天线结构，包括介质块（1），其特征在于：所述介质块（1）的上表面安装有四个第一层辐射体（2），介质块（1）的上表面固定连接有隔离金属体（3），介质块（1）的下表面固定连接有若干个天线接地金属体（4），介质块（1）的下表面固定连接有若干个馈电接触点（5），第一层辐射体（2）的下表面设置有第二层辐射体（6），第二层辐射体（6）的下表面设置有第三层辐射体（7），介质块的上表面设置有馈电柱（8），介质块（1）的上表面开设有若干个馈电孔（9），介质块（1）的下表面固定连接有反射地层（10），反射地层（10）的下表面开设有四个过孔（11）。1. A millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure, comprising a dielectric block (1), characterized in that: four first-layer radiators (2) are mounted on the upper surface of the dielectric block (1), An isolation metal body (3) is fixedly connected to the upper surface, a plurality of antenna grounding metal bodies (4) are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the dielectric block (1), and a plurality of feeding contact points are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the dielectric block (1). (5), the lower surface of the first layer of radiators (2) is provided with a second layer of radiators (6), the lower surface of the second layer of radiators (6) is provided with a third layer of radiators (7), and the dielectric block The upper surface of the dielectric block (1) is provided with a feeding column (8), the upper surface of the dielectric block (1) is provided with a number of feeding holes (9), and the lower surface of the dielectric block (1) is fixedly connected with a reflective stratum (10), and the reflective stratum The lower surface of (10) is provided with four via holes (11). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种毫米波PCB天线结构，其特征在于：所述馈电接触点（5）与馈电系统电性连接。2 . The millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure according to claim 1 , wherein the feeding contact point ( 5 ) is electrically connected to the feeding system. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种毫米波PCB天线结构，其特征在于：所述馈电孔（9）将第二层辐射体（6）与馈电接触点（5）电性连接。3 . The millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure according to claim 1 , wherein the feeding hole ( 9 ) electrically connects the second-layer radiator ( 6 ) with the feeding contact point ( 5 ). 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种毫米波PCB天线结构，其特征在于：所述第三层辐射体（7）与第二层辐射体（6）相耦合，第三层辐射体（7）与馈电孔（9）通过一定间隙相耦合，第二层辐射体（6）与馈电孔（9）相耦合。4. A millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the third-layer radiator (7) is coupled with the second-layer radiator (6), and the third-layer radiator (7) ) is coupled with the feeding hole (9) through a certain gap, and the second-layer radiator (6) is coupled with the feeding hole (9). 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种毫米波PCB天线结构，其特征在于：所述馈电柱（8）将隔离金属体（3）与天线接地金属体（4）耦合连接。5 . The millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure according to claim 1 , wherein the feeding column ( 8 ) couples the isolation metal body ( 3 ) with the antenna grounding metal body ( 4 ). 6 . 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种毫米波PCB天线结构，其特征在于：所述天线接地金属体（4）通过过孔（11）与反射地层（10）电性连接。6 . The millimeter-wave PCB antenna structure according to claim 1 , wherein the antenna ground metal body ( 4 ) is electrically connected to the reflection ground layer ( 10 ) through a via hole ( 11 ). 7 .
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