CN115622661B - Signal transmission method and device - Google Patents

The application discloses a signal transmission method and a signal transmission device, which are used for realizing high-efficiency, high-reliability, low-complexity and high-throughput data transmission. The signal sending method comprises the steps of determining first data bits needing error correction coding protection and second data bits not needing error correction coding protection for a data frame needing to be transmitted currently, performing error correction coding on the first data bits, performing interleaving processing on codewords obtained after error correction coding to obtain interleaved codeword bits, and selecting constellation points from a signal constellation to serve as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the interleaved codeword bits.

Signal transmission method and device

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a signal transmission method and apparatus.

Background

The 6G wireless communication is facing to the requirements after 2030, takes wide coverage, full frequency spectrum, strong security and full application as the prospect, and is facing to the index requirements, and the channel coding and modulation technology are both physical layer key technologies.

Future 6G has higher spectral efficiency and power efficiency, higher reliability and lower latency technical index requirements, but the performance of the existing code modulation scheme cannot be satisfied, and particularly under the requirements of large constellation and high spectral efficiency, a low-complexity and high-reliability system has no specific solution.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a signal transmission method and device, which are used for realizing high-efficiency, high-reliability, low-complexity and high-throughput data transmission.

At a transmitting end, the signal transmitting method provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps:

For a data frame needing to be transmitted currently, determining a first data bit needing error correction coding protection and a second data bit needing not to be subjected to error correction coding protection;

Performing error correction coding on the first data bits, and performing interleaving processing on codewords obtained after the error correction coding to obtain interleaved codeword bits;

and selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the code word bits after interleaving.

The method comprises the steps of determining first data bits needing error correction coding protection and second data bits not needing error correction coding protection for a data frame needing to be transmitted currently, carrying out error correction coding on the first data bits, carrying out interleaving treatment on codewords obtained after error correction coding to obtain interleaved codeword bits, and selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by utilizing the second data bits and the interleaved codeword bits, so that efficient, reliable, low-complexity and high-throughput data transmission is realized.

Optionally, selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the interleaved codeword bits, including:

And selecting constellation points as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the code word bits after interleaving processing and combining a mapping relation between preset constellation points and binary labels.

Optionally, each of the binary labels includes a high order and a low order binary label.

Optionally, the transmission symbol includes high-order bits and low-order bits, the high-order bits are selected from the interleaved codeword bits, and the low-order bits are selected from the second data bits.

Optionally, the mapping relationship is established in the following manner:

Carrying out subset division on a constellation, carrying out Gray coding or quasi-Gray coding on representative elements in each subset, and taking a coding result as a subset index, wherein the representative elements in each subset are constellation points at preset positions in the subset;

gray coding or quasi-Gray coding is carried out on each constellation point in each subset, and the coding result is used as an index in the subset of the constellation point;

And establishing a mapping relation between the constellation points and binary labels by utilizing the subset indexes and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points, wherein for each constellation point, the subset indexes and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points form the binary labels of the constellation points, the subset indexes of the constellation points serve as the binary labels of the high-order parts, and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points serve as the binary labels of the low-order parts.

Optionally, for a data frame that needs to be transmitted currently, determining a first data bit that needs to be protected by error correction coding and a second data bit that does not need to be protected by error correction coding specifically includes:

Determining a modulation order, a code rate of error correction coding and a subset size of the subset according to the target spectrum efficiency;

Taking the logarithm based on 2 as the total length m of the binary label for the modulation order;

taking a logarithm of the subset size with 2 as a length l of the low-order part binary label;

determining the proportion of the second data bits to the total bits of the data frame by the following formula:

Wherein, R _in is the code rate of the error correction coding;

and dividing the data frame into two parts, namely the first data bit and the second data bit according to the proportion.

Optionally, the error correction coding is specifically inner code coding, and for a service type with a preset service quality requirement, before determining the first data bit and the second data bit, the method further includes:

Performing outer code coding on an information sequence of a data frame which needs to be transmitted currently;

And interleaving the result after the outer code encoding.

At a receiving end, a signal receiving method provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps:

after the transmission symbol is transmitted through a channel, a receiving symbol is obtained at a receiving end, and the receiving symbol is demodulated to obtain soft information of the transmission symbol and soft information required by error correction decoding;

Respectively performing de-interleaving and error correction decoding on soft information required by the error correction decoding to obtain second data bits subjected to the error correction coding, obtaining high-order bits of binary labels of the transmission symbols, and determining a subset to which the transmission symbols belong by utilizing the high-order bits;

And according to the subset of the transmission symbol, performing hard decision by utilizing soft information of the transmission symbol, and determining low-order data bits in a decoding result corresponding to the transmission symbol.

Optionally, the error correction decoding is specifically inner code decoding, and for a service type with a preset service quality requirement, the method further includes:

and respectively carrying out de-interleaving and outer code decoding treatment on the decoding result to obtain a final decoding result.

The signal transmitting device provided by the embodiment of the application comprises:

a memory for storing program instructions;

And the processor is used for calling the program instructions stored in the memory and executing according to the obtained program:

For a data frame needing to be transmitted currently, determining a first data bit needing error correction coding protection and a second data bit needing not to be subjected to error correction coding protection;

Performing error correction coding on the first data bits, and performing interleaving processing on codewords obtained after the error correction coding to obtain interleaved codeword bits;

and selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the code word bits after interleaving.

Optionally, selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the interleaved codeword bits, including:

And selecting constellation points as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the code word bits after interleaving processing and combining a mapping relation between preset constellation points and binary labels.

Optionally, each of the binary labels includes a high order and a low order binary label.

Optionally, the transmission symbol includes high-order bits and low-order bits, the high-order bits are selected from the interleaved codeword bits, and the low-order bits are selected from the second data bits.

Optionally, the mapping relationship is established in the following manner:

Carrying out subset division on a constellation, carrying out Gray coding or quasi-Gray coding on representative elements in each subset, and taking a coding result as a subset index, wherein the representative elements in each subset are constellation points at preset positions in the subset;

gray coding or quasi-Gray coding is carried out on each constellation point in each subset, and the coding result is used as an index in the subset of the constellation point;

And establishing a mapping relation between the constellation points and binary labels by utilizing the subset indexes and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points, wherein for each constellation point, the subset indexes and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points form the binary labels of the constellation points, the subset indexes of the constellation points serve as the binary labels of the high-order parts, and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points serve as the binary labels of the low-order parts.

Optionally, for a data frame that needs to be transmitted currently, determining a first data bit that needs to be protected by error correction coding and a second data bit that does not need to be protected by error correction coding specifically includes:

Determining a modulation order, a code rate of error correction coding and a subset size of the subset according to the target spectrum efficiency;

Taking the logarithm based on 2 as the total length m of the binary label for the modulation order;

taking a logarithm of the subset size with 2 as a length l of the low-order part binary label;

determining the proportion of the second data bits to the total bits of the data frame by the following formula:

Wherein, R _in is the code rate of the error correction coding;

and dividing the data frame into two parts, namely the first data bit and the second data bit according to the proportion.

Optionally, the error correction coding is specifically an inner code coding, and for a service type with a preset service quality requirement, before determining the first data bit and the second data bit, the processor is further configured to invoke a program instruction stored in the memory, and execute according to the obtained program:

Performing outer code coding on an information sequence of a data frame which needs to be transmitted currently;

And interleaving the result after the outer code encoding.

Optionally, the processor is further configured to call program instructions stored in the memory, and execute according to the obtained program:

after the transmission symbol is transmitted through a channel, a receiving symbol is obtained at a receiving end, and the receiving symbol is demodulated to obtain soft information of the transmission symbol and soft information required by error correction decoding;

Respectively performing de-interleaving and error correction decoding on soft information required by the error correction decoding to obtain second data bits subjected to the error correction coding, obtaining high-order bits of binary labels of the transmission symbols, and determining a subset to which the transmission symbols belong by utilizing the high-order bits;

And according to the subset of the transmission symbol, performing hard decision by utilizing soft information of the transmission symbol, and determining low-order data bits in a decoding result corresponding to the transmission symbol.

Optionally, the error correction decoding is specifically inner code decoding, and for a service type required by a preset service quality, the processor is further configured to call a program instruction stored in the memory, and execute according to the obtained program:

and respectively carrying out de-interleaving and outer code decoding treatment on the decoding result to obtain a final decoding result.

At a receiving end, a signal receiving device provided by an embodiment of the present application includes:

a memory for storing program instructions;

And the processor is used for calling the program instructions stored in the memory and executing according to the obtained program:

after the transmission symbol is transmitted through a channel, a receiving symbol is obtained at a receiving end, and the receiving symbol is demodulated to obtain soft information of the transmission symbol and soft information required by error correction decoding;

Respectively performing de-interleaving and error correction decoding on soft information required by the error correction decoding to obtain second data bits subjected to the error correction coding, obtaining high-order bits of binary labels of the transmission symbols, and determining a subset to which the transmission symbols belong by utilizing the high-order bits;

And according to the subset of the transmission symbol, performing hard decision by utilizing soft information of the transmission symbol, and determining low-order data bits in a decoding result corresponding to the transmission symbol.

Optionally, the error correction decoding is specifically inner code decoding, and for a service type required by a preset service quality, the processor is further configured to call a program instruction stored in the memory, and execute according to the obtained program:

and respectively carrying out de-interleaving and outer code decoding treatment on the decoding result to obtain a final decoding result.

Another signal transmitting apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

A first unit for determining, for a data frame currently to be transmitted, a first data bit to be error correction coded and a second data bit not to be error correction coded;

A second unit, configured to perform error correction coding on the first data bit, and perform interleaving processing on a codeword obtained after the error correction coding, to obtain an interleaved codeword bit;

And a third unit, configured to select constellation points from the signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the interleaved codeword bits.

Another signal receiving apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

A fourth unit, configured to obtain a received symbol at a receiving end after a transmission symbol is transmitted through a channel, and demodulate the received symbol to obtain soft information of the transmission symbol and soft information required by error correction decoding;

a fifth unit, configured to deinterleave and error-correcting decode the soft information required by the error-correcting decoding, respectively, to obtain second data bits for performing the error-correcting encoding, and obtain high-order bits of binary labels of the transmission symbols, and determine a subset to which the transmission symbols belong by using the high-order bits;

and a sixth unit, configured to determine, according to the subset to which the transmission symbol belongs, a low-order data bit in the decoding result corresponding to the transmission symbol by performing hard decision using soft information of the transmission symbol.

Another embodiment of the present application provides a computing device including a memory for storing program instructions and a processor for invoking program instructions stored in the memory to perform any of the methods described above in accordance with the obtained program.

Another embodiment of the present application provides a computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for causing the computer to perform any of the methods described above.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a subset partitioning process of an 8-ASK (8-ary amplitude shift keying) provided by the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of channels equivalent to independent parallel channels in an MLC scheme;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a code modulation system in a BICM scheme;

FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of an encoding framework of an originating terminal according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4b is a schematic diagram of a decoding frame of a receiving end according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5a is a schematic diagram of mapping relationships between constellation points in a subset according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of 16-point gray mapping according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a result of the 64-QAM subset partitioning mapping provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frame of a signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart of an encoding method according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart of a decoding method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a coding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a decoding device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another encoding device according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another decoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

Since TCM (Trellis Coded Modulation ) was proposed, the design concept of coded modulation was fully developed, and the idea of coded modulation is to jointly optimize coding and modulation to improve the performance of digital transmission schemes. TCM, MLC (Multilevel Coding, multi-layer coding), BICM (Bit-INTERLEAVED CODED MODULATION, bit interleaved coded modulation) are all typical bandwidth efficient coded modulation schemes.

TCM is based on set partitioning, maximizing the minimum euclidean distance within a subset to improve system reliability. TCM allows for greater coding gain than conventional uncoded multilayer modulation without compromising bandwidth efficiency. The large constellation is partitioned by consecutive bins, and the subsets and the binary address codewords are mapped one to one during the partitioning process. The binary address is divided into two parts, coded bits and uncoded bits. The least significant binary symbols are convolutionally encoded and the most significant binary symbols need not be encoded. The core idea is to optimize the system reliability by increasing the minimum euclidean distance within the subset.

Whereas MLC protects data bit by bit on each layer by binary coding. Initially, MLC was proposed for one-dimensional signals in combination with binary labels. It is necessary to design a corresponding coding scheme to maximize euclidean distance, thereby improving reliability.

Defining signal constellation for m=2m order modulationWhere M represents the size of the constellation, which is a power of 2, that is, M is a power of 2, and the power is M. The constellation points are represented by a _ i, i=0, once again, M-1. A one-to-one mapping relationship between constellation points and binary vectors is established, namely, each constellation point is allocated a binary label x= (x ⁰,x¹,…,x^m-1) with a length of m. For MLC, this mapping is established by means of subset partitioning. As an example, fig. 1 shows a subset partitioning procedure of 8-ASK (8-ary amplitude shift keying).

First, at layer 0, signal setIs divided into two parts, i.e. subsetsAndLayer 1 was obtained. Then, at the ith layer, i.gtoreq.1, each subsetFurther divided into two subsetsAndThe i+1 layer is obtained. This division proceeds until the mth layer, where each layer contains only one constellation point.

The transmitted signal is taken from the constellation. The transmit signal is transmitted in a channel. The signal output by the channel is denoted by Y. Since the transmission signals and the labels thereof are in one-to-one correspondence, mutual information between the transmission signals and the reception signals is equal to mutual information between the labels of the transmission signals and the reception signals, i.e., I (Y; a) =i (Y: X ⁰,…,X^m-1).

The chain rule can be used to obtain

I(Y;A)=I(Y;X⁰,X¹,…,X^m-1)

=I(Y;X⁰)+I(Y;X¹|X⁰)+...

+I(Y;X^m-1|X⁰,X¹,…,X^m-2) (1)

According to formula (1), the channels are equivalent to independent parallel channels, as shown in fig. 2.

The BICM is formed by adding a bit interleaver between a channel encoder and a modulator, and the channel encoder and the modulator are separately and independently designed to improve the reliability of the wireless digital communication system under a fading channel. Fig. 3 shows a general block diagram of a coded modulation system.

The BICM scheme has a constraint relationship between the impaired constellation size, constellation point labels and coding choices. It is well known that BICM with an index of the gray constellation can operate within a fraction of a decibel of the shannon limit. BICM is generally considered a practical code modulation method due to its simplicity and flexibility. Furthermore, the BICM scheme allows for use with longer coding for a fixed frame length, and thus potentially higher coding gain, compared to the MLC method.

The interleaving technique in high-order modulation can be generally divided into intra-block interleaving and inter-block interleaving, and can be also divided into bit interleaving and symbol interleaving according to interleaving granularity, and bit interleaving is generally better than symbol interleaving, but the complexity of bit interleaving is far higher than symbol interleaving.

To sum up:

MLC schemes have potentially high complexity due to their bit-layered coding, while the corresponding hierarchical decoding results in high delay. Therefore, since MLC has been proposed, it cannot be applied well, and the design requirement of the coding modulation scheme is relatively high, and the performance difference between different designs is large. Although MLC theoretically provides asymptotic coding and flexible transmission rate approaching shannon limit in information theory, reliability of hierarchical decoding is drastically reduced due to poor performance of bit error rate of its lower layer, and complexity of multi-layer coding and hierarchical decoding is high and delay is large.

The performance of BICM depends on the signal mapping method used by the signal, and gray mapping design is more conducive to initial decoding iteration than subset division, and can achieve higher subset division order and maximized minimum euclidean distance in a non-iterative system. Although the BICM transmission rate is flexible and low in complexity, the coding gain is not obvious compared to MLC, and needs to be further improved.

Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides that the 6G system adopts a larger signal constellation in order to realize high-spectrum efficient transmission. For large signal constellations, the system typically operates in the region of higher signal-to-noise ratio. At a layer of the constellation subset partition chain, the distance between constellation points in the subset is large enough relative to the working signal-to-noise ratio, so that the index bit reliability of the constellation points in the subset is high, the bits can reach low error probability only by simple coding protection (even without coding protection), and the complex soft decision strong FEC (Forward Error Correction, forward error correction coding) code protection is not needed. Only the bits of the index subset need to be strongly protected, so that the coding capacity can be effectively utilized, the design of a coding modulation system is simplified, and the efficient, high-reliability and high-throughput data transmission is realized.

The embodiment of the application provides a signal transmission method and a signal transmission device, which are used for realizing high-efficiency, high-reliability and high-throughput data transmission.

The method and the device are based on the same application, and because the principles of solving the problems by the method and the device are similar, the implementation of the device and the method can be referred to each other, and the repetition is not repeated.

Various embodiments of the application are described in detail below with reference to the drawings attached to the specification. It should be noted that, the display sequence of the embodiments of the present application only represents the sequence of the embodiments, and does not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the technical solutions provided by the embodiments.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application comprehensively utilizes the advantages of MLC and BICM, adopts the design thought of serial cascade coding and mixed MLC/BICM, protects the constellation point label bits in a grading manner, and realizes better compromise between performance and complexity. The functional block diagram is shown in fig. 4 (fig. 4a is an encoding block diagram of the transmitting end, and fig. 4b is a decoding block diagram of the receiving end). Where u represents an information sequence (i.e., bits of a frame signal), v represents a codeword encoded by an outer code, c represents a codeword encoded by an inner code, x represents a transmission symbol sequence transmitted to a channel, and y represents a received symbol sequence.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the inner code encoding and the outer code encoding belong to error correction encoding, and in the following embodiment of performing only inner code encoding, the encoding is directly referred to as error correction encoding, without distinguishing between the inner code encoding and the outer code encoding.

In the embodiment of the application, for a data frame needing to be transmitted currently, a first data bit needing to be subjected to error correction coding protection and a second data bit not needing to be subjected to error correction coding protection are determined, the first data bit is subjected to error correction coding, and an interleaving treatment is carried out on a codeword obtained after the error correction coding to obtain an interleaved codeword bit, and constellation points are selected from a signal constellation to be used as transmission symbols by utilizing the second data bit and the interleaved codeword bit.

Optionally, the second data bits and the code word bits after interleaving are used, and a preset mapping relation between constellation points and binary labels is combined to select the constellation points as transmission symbols.

Optionally, each binary label comprises a high-order binary label and a low-order binary label, each transmission symbol comprises a high-order binary label and a low-order binary label, and each transmission symbol is consistent with the binary label of the transmission symbol.

In the embodiment of the application, the binary label of each constellation point is determined, which is equivalent to "naming" the constellation point. The naming process includes a process of subset partitioning of the constellation and gray coding. Before the system works, the binary label is already fixed, that is, the mapping relation between the binary label and the constellation point is established. When data is transmitted, a plurality of bits are respectively taken from the interleaved code word bits and the second data bits, a binary label is spliced according to high and low bits, then constellation points matched with the binary label are found for transmission, and each transmission symbol is practically consistent with the binary label of the transmission symbol.

A specific explanation is given below with respect to fig. 4.

For the configuration of fig. 4, there are two alternative ways of processing:

The first is to remove the outer code and the interleaver connected with the outer code in fig. 4a at the transmitting end and correspondingly remove the outer code decoding and the de-interleaver connected with the outer code decoding in fig. 4b at the receiving end for the service type of the preset service quality requirement.

In the first processing mode, since there is no outer code encoding and decoding, the error correction encoding, that is, inner code encoding, and the error correction decoding, that is, inner code decoding are performed.

Specifically, for the first traffic type, for example, the corresponding QoS index is packet error rate=1e_4, i.e. the packet error rate is required to be lower than 1 e_4, then outer code encoding and decoding are not used;

wherein the system is suitable for high-order modulation and high-spectrum efficiency scene, and the spectrum efficiency is at least 4 bits/2 dimension symbol.

According to table 1 below (by way of example only, and not limitation of the present application), at a target spectral efficiency, a suitable rate and modulation order for inner code encoding is selected.

TABLE 1

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the size of the constellation is a power of 2.

According to table 1, the signal constellation is sub-divided by a certain number of layers.

In the embodiment of the application, the mapping relation between the constellation points and the binary labels is preset, that is, the labels of binary representation are designed for the constellation points, and each binary label comprises two binary labels of high order and low order. The low order bits of the index are used to index constellation points within the subset and the high order bits of the index are used to index the subset. Gray coding or quasi-gray coding may be used when designing the index of the subset. For the index of constellation points within the subset, gray coding or quasi gray coding is also used.

An error correction code with a high error correction capability is selected, and for example, an LDPC (Low-DENSITY PARITY-Check) code, a Polar code, or the like may be selected for encoding.

The interleaver adopts a random interleaver.

At the transmitting end, referring to fig. 4a, the multi-layer encoding process provided in the embodiment of the present application includes, for example:

using table 1 above, the modulation order, the code rate of error correction coding, and the subset size of the subset can be determined from the target spectral efficiency;

taking the logarithm based on 2 for the modulation order, namely the total length (comprising high order and low order) of the binary labels of the constellation points, is denoted as m.

Taking the logarithm based on 2 for the size of the subset, namely the length of the lower bit in the binary label of the constellation point, and recording as l.

For a k-long data frame, it is divided into two parts, namely, a first data bit that needs to be protected by error correction coding and a second data bit that does not need to be protected by error correction coding are determined. Wherein the proportion of error correction coding is not performedWherein, R _in is the code rate of error correction coding, and the rest bits need to be error correction coded.

And carrying out error correction coding on the first data bit under the code rate.

And carrying out random interleaving on the error correction coding result.

And extracting l bits from the second data bits as low order bits of a binary label. The (m-l) bits are taken out of the first data bits as the high order bits of the binary label. With this index, a modulation symbol, i.e. a complete binary index of a constellation point, i.e. the sequence of bits transmitted by the constellation point, is obtained.

Accordingly, at the receiving end, referring to fig. 4b, the multi-level decoding process provided in the embodiment of the present application includes, for example:

The received symbols are demodulated and the demodulator calculates soft information required for error correction decoding, i.e. soft information related to the upper bits of each transmission symbol (the upper bits of the transmission symbol are codeword bits), on the one hand, and soft information of the transmission symbol, on the other hand. The soft information described in the embodiments of the present application is a log-likelihood ratio or likelihood probability.

And de-interleaving soft information required for error correction decoding.

And transmitting the deinterleaved soft information to an error correction decoder for decoding.

The (m-l) R _in data bits coded in each transmission symbol can be obtained from the error correction decoding result, namely, the high-order data bits (from the first data bit) in the decoding result corresponding to the transmission symbol are obtained. The subset to which the transmission symbol belongs (the index of the subset, which is the higher data bit) is also determined by error correction decoding.

After determining the subset to which the transmission symbol belongs, the soft information of the transmission symbol is used by a hard decision method to obtain l data bits which are not protected by error correction coding in each transmission symbol, namely the low-order data bits (from the second data bits) in the decoding result corresponding to the transmission symbol.

Second, for a service type requiring a preset QoS, specifically, for example, for a second service type, for example, the corresponding QoS index is packet error rate=1e-7, i.e. the packet error rate is required to be lower than 1e-7, the outer code encoding and decoding may be adopted. I.e. using the complete structure shown in fig. 4.

The inner code coding needs to reduce the bit error rate to a certain threshold, such as 10 ^-3, so the error correction capability of the inner code coding does not need to be very strong. The optional inner code may be a low density generation matrix code (Low Density Generator Matrix, LDGM) code in addition to LDPC codes, polar codes.

The outer code coding may be an algebraic code using hard-decision decoding, such as BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem) code, or a code using soft-decision decoding, such as an LDPC code.

At the transmitting end, referring to fig. 4a, the encoding process provided in the embodiment of the present application includes, for example:

and performing outer code coding on the data frame which is currently required to be transmitted.

And carrying out random interleaving treatment on the outer code encoding result.

The related content described in the first processing manner (not described here again) is used for performing inner code encoding and transmission.

At the receiving end, referring to fig. 4b, the decoding process provided in the embodiment of the present application includes, for example:

The multi-level decoding is performed, specifically, see the related content described in the first processing manner, which is not described herein. The multi-level decoding result includes information related to the outer code word bits, which may be soft information such as log likelihood ratio or likelihood probability, or hard information such as 0,1 bit.

And de-interleaving the multi-stage decoding result.

And performing outer code error correction, namely outer code decoding, on the de-interleaving result to obtain a final decoding result.

Taking the spectrum efficiency ρ=5 bits/symbol and 64-QAM mapping as an example, the principle of subset division for the constellation provided by the embodiment of the present application is described below:

The Shannon limit (E _b/N₀)_Shannon; where E _b represents the energy to be consumed to transmit one information bit, N ₀ represents the single-sided power spectral density of the noise, shannon is the meaning of Shannon) for a given spectral efficiency p is calculated.

The signal-to-noise margin of the code modulation system is set to be 1dB, and the corresponding minimum working signal-to-noise ratio (E _b/N₀)^*;

(E_b/N₀)^*≥(E_b/N₀)_Shannon+1dB (2)

And (3) dividing the higher-order constellation by adopting a subset dividing method, and calculating the bit error rate of each layer according to the following formula (3), wherein E _s represents the average energy of the initial constellation, delta _j is the minimum Euclidean distance after the energy of the j-th layer constellation is normalized, and rho is the spectrum efficiency of the code modulation system. The code rate of channel coding is denoted by R, and for M-QAM, the spectral efficiency ρ=r·log ₂ M.

As is clear from information theory calculations, when the spectral efficiency is ρ=5 bits/symbol, (E _b/N₀)_Shannon =7.9 dB, (E _b/N₀)^* is 8.9 dB) for the coded modulation system is calculated according to equation (3).

The bit error rate performance of each layer after sub-division of 64-QAM at this signal-to-noise ratio is given in table 2 below. Decision error propagation of the previous layer is not considered when analyzing the bit error rate of the current layer. It can be seen that the bit error rate within the subset is already sufficiently low, e.g. below 10 ^-5, when partitioning into layer 4. At this time, the subset contains 4 constellation points. Therefore, the number of bits in one 64-QAM symbol that do not need to be code protected is 2.

Table 2:E _b/N₀ = 8.9dB bit error rate for each layer of 64-QAM

Regarding the description of constellation mapping, taking the spectral efficiency ρ=5 bits/symbol, 64-QAM mapping as an example, the following is introduced:

The source encodes the information and then maps it to constellation points. In the embodiment of the application, the mapping relation between the binary label and the constellation point is established. In the embodiment of the present application, the constellation point numbers represent (x ⁰,x¹,…,x^m-1) that the upper bits (on the left) are coded bits for selecting the subset and the lower bits (on the right) are uncoded bits for selecting the constellation points within the subset. Constellation points within the subset employ gray mapping. With respect to the high and low bits, the left bits (may be preset values) are defined as high bits, and the right bits (may be preset values) are defined as low bits. The bits may be defined by specific values according to actual needs or determined by a preset method, and the specific embodiment of the present application is not limited. For example, in an embodiment of the present application, the number of layers divided by the subsets may be determined. In subset partitioning, 64-QAM is partitioned into 4 layers, then the four bits to the left are high and the two bits to the right are low.

When the index of the subset is established, a Gray mapping or quasi-Gray mapping method is also adopted, so that the labels of the subset with similar Euclidean distances have the hamming distances as small as possible, wherein the hamming distances are the numbers of different corresponding bits of the two labels. Such as 0101 and 0111, which differ from each other by the 3 rd bit from the left, the hamming distance is 1. Wherein, the criteria of the gray mapping are two constellation points with the nearest Euclidean distance, and the binary labels of the two constellation points are different only by 1 bit. The meaning of the quasi-gray mapping is that the above requirements are not necessarily met, and that the euclidean distance between two constellation points is the nearest, but their binary labels may differ by 2 bits or more.

For 64-QAM, when partitioned to layer 4, there are a total of 16 subsets, each subset containing 4 constellation points. The mapping of constellation points within the subset is shown in fig. 5 a. When the index of the subset is established, the constellation point at the left upper corner of the subset is selected as the representative element, then the 16 representative elements are subjected to Gray coding, and the Gray code word of the representative element is the index of the corresponding subset. The 16-point gray mapping is shown in fig. 5b, and the result of the 64-QAM subset division mapping obtained by the above method is shown in fig. 6.

Wherein fig. 6 is a 64-QAM constellation. In fact, when the subset division proceeds to layer 4, the subset is such that one point is taken at the same position of each quadrant, the 4 points being in one subset, for example, the constellation point of the first quadrant transmitting 111000 data, the constellation point of the second quadrant transmitting 111001 data, the constellation point of the third quadrant transmitting 111011 data, the constellation point of the fourth quadrant transmitting 111010 data, the 4 constellation points being in one subset. There are 16 such subsets in total. In a subset the spatial distribution of constellation points is the same as in fig. 5 a. The numbering of constellation points in the subsets (i.e. the intra-subset index) is shown in fig. 5 a. The encoding result is taken as the lower 2 bits of the constellation point index, for example, the constellation point in the upper left corner in fig. 5a, whose index in the subset is 01, and in the embodiment of the present application, the index of each constellation point (the index, that is, six bits, is formed by the digits 0 and 1, that is, the data bit that the constellation point needs to transmit). The spatial distribution of the representative elements of the 16 subsets, i.e. the constellation points in the upper left hand corner of each subset, is shown in fig. 5 b. Specifically, these 16 representative elements are the points in the second quadrant in FIG. 6. The gray code shown in fig. 5b is used for these 16 representative elements. The encoding result is the upper 4 bits of the constellation point index, i.e. the number of the subset, i.e. the index of the subset, e.g. the constellation point in the upper left corner in fig. 5b, the subset index of which is 1110. To sum up, in the six-bit number of each constellation point in fig. 6, the first four bits represent the number of the subset, and the second two bits represent the number of the subset, for example, the constellation point in the upper left corner in fig. 5a and 5b is the same constellation point, the number 111001, where 1110 represents the number of the subset to which the constellation point belongs, and 01 represents the number of the constellation point in the subset.

An illustration of several specific embodiments is given below.

Example 1:

in this embodiment, the error correction codes include only inner code codes, and the error correction codes include only inner code codes.

For a first traffic type with QoS index packet error rate=1e-4 for spectral efficiency ρ=5 bits/symbol, 64-QAM mapping, a block diagram of the signal transmission system is shown in fig. 7. For 64-QAM, m=6. With table look-up 1, subset partitioning needs to proceed to layer 4, subset size 4, then l=2. The error correction code selects an LDPC code with a code rate R _in =3/4. For a data frame u of length k=2560, the ratio of not performing error correction coding protection is 2/5. Therefore, the number of bits required for LDPC coding protection is 1536, and the remaining 1024 bits do not need to be error correction coded. After the 1536 bits are LDPC-encoded, an LDPC codeword bit c of length 2048 is obtained. The LDPC codeword bits c are randomly interleaved. 2 bits are extracted from the uncoded data bits as the low order bits of the transmission symbol binary expression, and 4 bits are extracted from the interleaved LDPC codeword bits as the high order bits of the transmission symbol binary expression. In this way a transmission symbol is obtained and the binary label corresponding to the binary expression of the transmission symbol is determined accordingly, i.e. the constellation point for transmitting the binary label is determined.

Correspondingly, a demodulator at the receiving end calculates the metric value of the LDPC codeword bits, de-interleaves the metric value and transmits the metric value to the LDPC decoder. At the same time, the demodulator is also able to calculate soft information for each transmitted symbol. And obtaining 3 coded data bits in each transmission symbol according to the LDPC decoding result, and determining the subset of the transmission symbols. After the subset is determined, 2 uncoded data bits in the transmission symbol are obtained by adopting a hard decision mode in combination with soft information of the transmission symbol given by the demodulator.

Example 2:

in this embodiment, the error correction codes include only inner code codes, and the error correction codes include only inner code codes.

For a first traffic type with QoS index packet error rate=1e-4 for spectral efficiency ρ=7 bits/symbol, 256-QAM mapping, a block diagram of the signal transmission system is shown in fig. 8. For 256-QAM, m=8. With table look-up 1, subset partitioning needs to proceed to layer 4, subset size 16, then l=4. The error correction code selects LDPC code, and the code rate is R _in = 3/4. For a data frame u of length k=2562, the ratio of not performing error correction coding protection is 4/7. Therefore, the number of bits required for LDPC coding protection is 1098, and the remaining 1464 bits do not need to be coded. The 1098 bits are LDPC coded with a code rate of 3/4, resulting in codeword bit c with a length of 1464. The LDPC codeword bits c are randomly interleaved. 4 bits are extracted from the uncoded information bits as low bits of the transmission symbol binary expression, and 4 bits are extracted from the interleaved LDPC codeword bits as high bits of the transmission symbol binary expression. In this way a transmission symbol is obtained and the binary label corresponding to the binary expression of the transmission symbol is determined accordingly, i.e. the constellation point for transmitting the binary label is determined.

Correspondingly, a demodulator at the receiving end calculates the metric value of the LDPC codeword bits, de-interleaves the metric value and transmits the metric value to the LDPC decoder. At the same time, the demodulator is also able to calculate soft information for each transmitted symbol. And obtaining 3 coded data bits in each transmission symbol according to the LDPC decoding result, and determining the subset of the transmission symbols. After the subset is determined, 4 uncoded data bits in the transmission symbol are obtained by adopting a hard decision mode in combination with soft information of the transmission symbol given by the demodulator.

Example 3:

In this embodiment, the error correction coding includes an inner code coding and an outer code coding, and the error correction coding includes an inner code coding and an outer code coding, respectively.

And adding the BCH code as an outer code, wherein the frequency spectrum efficiency rho=5 bits/symbol, the modulation mode is 64-QAM, and the QoS index is a second service type with the packet error rate=1e-7. Since the code rate of the outer code reduces the spectral efficiency, a high code rate outer code needs to be selected to ensure that the overall spectral efficiency is close to 5 bits/symbol. A BCH code is selected from DVB-S2 standard, its parameters are that input information u is 3072 long, codeword v is 3240 long, 12 random errors can be corrected, and code rate of internal code coding is 0.95 approximately equal to 1. For 64-QAM, m=6. With table look-up 1, subset partitioning needs to proceed to layer 4, subset size 4, then l=2. The inner code selects an LDPC code with a code rate R _in =3/4. The BCH codeword of length 3240 is randomly interleaved. For the interleaved BCH codeword, the proportion of no inner code coding protection is 2/5. Therefore, the number of bits required for LDPC code protection is 1944, and the remaining 1296 bits are not required for coding protection. The 1944 bits are LDPC-encoded to obtain an LDPC codeword bit c of length 2592. The LDPC codeword bits c are randomly interleaved. 2 bits are taken out of BCH codeword bits not protected by the LDPC code as low bits of a transmission symbol binary expression, 4 bits are taken out of interleaved LDPC codeword bits as high bits of the transmission symbol binary expression, and a binary label identical to the transmission symbol binary expression, i.e., constellation points for transmitting the binary label, are also determined accordingly.

Correspondingly, a demodulator at the receiving end calculates the metric value of the LDPC codeword bits, de-interleaves the metric value and transmits the metric value to the LDPC decoder. At the same time, the demodulator is also able to calculate soft information for each transmitted symbol. And obtaining 3 protected BCH code word bits in each transmission symbol according to the LDPC decoding result, and determining the subset where the transmission symbol is transmitted. After the subset is determined, combining soft information of the transmission symbols given by the demodulator, and obtaining 2 BCH codeword bits which are not protected by the LDPC code in the transmission symbols in a hard decision mode. These codeword bits (including 3 protected BCH codeword bits and 2 BCH codeword bits not protected by the LDPC code) are deinterleaved and then passed to the BCH decoder for outer code decoding.

In summary, the embodiments of the present application provide a high throughput coded modulation scheme based on hybrid MLC/BICM and a corresponding decoding scheme, including concatenated coding, decoding, subset division, and signal mapping.

Specifically, the embodiment of the application uses cascade coding and a mixed MLC/BICM structure, and combines subset division to realize high-spectrum efficient and high-reliability transmission.

In the constellation mapping in the embodiment of the application, after the constellation is divided into subsets (the constellation points are divided into different sets), gray or quasi-Gray coding is carried out on the representative elements in the subsets, the coding result is used as the index of the subsets, and the signal mapping in the subsets also adopts Gray or quasi-Gray mapping.

Compared with the BICM system in the 5G standard, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages of better bit error rate performance and lower complexity, and the advantages are more obvious for a large constellation.

Referring to fig. 9, at a transmitting end, an encoding method provided by an embodiment of the present application includes:

s101, determining a first data bit needing error correction coding protection and a second data bit not needing error correction coding protection for a data frame needing to be transmitted currently;

s102, performing error correction coding on the first data bits, and performing interleaving treatment on codewords obtained after the error correction coding to obtain interleaved codeword bits;

S103, selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the code word bits after interleaving.

The method comprises the steps of determining first data bits needing error correction coding protection and second data bits not needing error correction coding protection for a data frame needing to be transmitted currently, carrying out error correction coding on the first data bits, carrying out interleaving treatment on codewords obtained after error correction coding to obtain interleaved codeword bits, and selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by utilizing the second data bits and the interleaved codeword bits, so that efficient, reliable, low-complexity and high-throughput data transmission is realized.

Optionally, selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the interleaved codeword bits, including:

And selecting constellation points as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the code word bits after interleaving processing and combining a mapping relation between preset constellation points and binary labels.

Optionally, each of the binary labels includes a high order and a low order binary label.

Optionally, the transmission symbol includes high-order bits and low-order bits, the high-order bits are selected from the interleaved codeword bits, and the low-order bits are selected from the second data bits.

Optionally, the mapping relationship is established in the following manner:

Carrying out subset division on a constellation, carrying out Gray coding or quasi-Gray coding on representative elements in each subset, and taking a coding result as a subset index, wherein the representative elements in each subset are constellation points at preset positions in the subset;

gray coding or quasi-Gray coding is carried out on each constellation point in each subset, and the coding result is used as an index in the subset of the constellation point;

And establishing a mapping relation between the constellation points and binary labels by utilizing the subset indexes and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points, wherein for each constellation point, the subset indexes and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points form the binary labels of the constellation points, the subset indexes of the constellation points serve as the binary labels of the high-order parts, and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points serve as the binary labels of the low-order parts.

Optionally, for a data frame that needs to be transmitted currently, determining a first data bit that needs to be protected by error correction coding and a second data bit that does not need to be protected by error correction coding specifically includes:

Determining a modulation order, a code rate of error correction coding and a subset size of the subset according to the target spectrum efficiency;

Taking the logarithm based on 2 as the total length m of the binary label for the modulation order;

taking a logarithm of the subset size with 2 as a length l of the low-order part binary label;

determining the proportion of the second data bits to the total bits of the data frame by the following formula:

Wherein, R _in is the code rate of the error correction coding;

and dividing the data frame into two parts, namely the first data bit and the second data bit according to the proportion.

Optionally, the error correction coding is specifically inner code coding, and for a service type with a preset service quality requirement, before determining the first data bit and the second data bit, the method further includes:

Performing outer code coding on an information sequence of a data frame which needs to be transmitted currently;

And interleaving the result after the outer code encoding.

At the receiving end, referring to fig. 10, a signal receiving method provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

S201, after a transmission symbol is transmitted through a channel, a receiving end obtains a receiving symbol, and the receiving symbol is demodulated to obtain soft information of the transmission symbol and soft information required by error correction decoding;

S202, respectively performing de-interleaving and error correction decoding on soft information required by the error correction decoding to obtain second data bits subjected to the error correction coding, obtaining high-order bits of binary labels of the transmission symbols, and determining a subset of the transmission symbols by utilizing the high-order bits;

s203, hard decision is carried out by utilizing soft information of the transmission symbol according to the subset of the transmission symbol, and low-order data bits in the decoding result corresponding to the transmission symbol are determined.

Optionally, the error correction decoding is specifically inner code decoding, and for a service type with a preset service quality requirement, the method further includes:

and respectively carrying out de-interleaving and outer code decoding treatment on the decoding result to obtain a final decoding result.

Referring to fig. 11, at a transmitting end, a signal transmitting apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

A memory 520 for storing program instructions;

A processor 500 for calling program instructions stored in the memory, executing according to the obtained program:

For a data frame needing to be transmitted currently, determining a first data bit needing error correction coding protection and a second data bit needing not to be subjected to error correction coding protection;

Performing error correction coding on the first data bits, and performing interleaving processing on codewords obtained after the error correction coding to obtain interleaved codeword bits;

and selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the code word bits after interleaving.

Optionally, selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the interleaved codeword bits, including:

And selecting constellation points as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the code word bits after interleaving processing and combining a mapping relation between preset constellation points and binary labels.

Optionally, each of the binary labels includes a high order and a low order binary label.

Optionally, the transmission symbol includes high-order bits and low-order bits, the high-order bits are selected from the interleaved codeword bits, and the low-order bits are selected from the second data bits.

Optionally, the mapping relationship is established in the following manner:

Carrying out subset division on a constellation, carrying out Gray coding or quasi-Gray coding on representative elements in each subset, and taking a coding result as a subset index, wherein the representative elements in each subset are constellation points at preset positions in the subset;

gray coding or quasi-Gray coding is carried out on each constellation point in each subset, and the coding result is used as an index in the subset of the constellation point;

And establishing a mapping relation between the constellation points and binary labels by utilizing the subset indexes and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points, wherein for each constellation point, the subset indexes and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points form the binary labels of the constellation points, the subset indexes of the constellation points serve as the binary labels of the high-order parts, and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points serve as the binary labels of the low-order parts.

Optionally, for a data frame that needs to be transmitted currently, determining a first data bit that needs to be protected by error correction coding and a second data bit that does not need to be protected by error correction coding specifically includes:

Determining a modulation order, a code rate of error correction coding and a subset size of the subset according to the target spectrum efficiency;

Taking the logarithm based on 2 as the total length m of the binary label for the modulation order;

taking a logarithm of the subset size with 2 as a length l of the low-order part binary label;

determining the proportion of the second data bits to the total bits of the data frame by the following formula:

Wherein, R _in is the code rate of the error correction coding;

and dividing the data frame into two parts, namely the first data bit and the second data bit according to the proportion.

Optionally, the error correction coding is specifically an inner code coding, and for a service type required by a preset service quality, before determining the first data bit and the second data bit, the processor 500 is further configured to invoke a program instruction stored in the memory, and execute according to the obtained program:

Performing outer code coding on an information sequence of a data frame which needs to be transmitted currently;

And interleaving the result after the outer code encoding.

It should be noted that, the device provided in the embodiment of the present application may be used as a transmitting end device (having the encoding function described in the embodiment of the present application) or may be used as a receiving end device (having the decoding function described in the embodiment of the present application).

Thus, optionally, the processor 500 is further configured to invoke program instructions stored in the memory, to execute according to the obtained program:

after the transmission symbol is transmitted through a channel, a receiving symbol is obtained at a receiving end, and the receiving symbol is demodulated to obtain soft information of the transmission symbol and soft information required by error correction decoding;

Respectively performing de-interleaving and error correction decoding on soft information required by the error correction decoding to obtain second data bits subjected to the error correction coding, obtaining high-order bits of binary labels of the transmission symbols, and determining a subset to which the transmission symbols belong by utilizing the high-order bits;

And according to the subset of the transmission symbol, performing hard decision by utilizing soft information of the transmission symbol, and determining low-order data bits in a decoding result corresponding to the transmission symbol.

Optionally, the error correction decoding is specifically inner code decoding, and for a service type required by a preset service quality, the processor 500 is further configured to call a program instruction stored in the memory, and execute according to the obtained program:

and respectively carrying out de-interleaving and outer code decoding treatment on the decoding result to obtain a final decoding result.

A transceiver 510 for receiving and transmitting data under the control of the processor 500.

Where in FIG. 11, a bus architecture may comprise any number of interconnected buses and bridges, with various circuits of the one or more processors, specifically represented by processor 500, and the memory, represented by memory 520, being linked together. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, power management circuits, etc., which are well known in the art and, therefore, will not be described further herein. The bus interface provides an interface. The transceiver 510 may be a number of elements, i.e., including a transmitter and a receiver, providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The processor 500 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 520 may store data used by the processor 500 in performing operations.

The processor 500 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an Application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable gate array (Field-Programmable GATE ARRAY, FPGA), or a complex Programmable logic device (Complex Programmable Logic Device, CPLD).

Referring to fig. 12, at a receiving end, a signal receiving apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

A memory 505 for storing program instructions;

A processor 504, configured to call program instructions stored in the memory, and execute according to the obtained program:

after the transmission symbol is transmitted through a channel, a receiving symbol is obtained at a receiving end, and the receiving symbol is demodulated to obtain soft information of the transmission symbol and soft information required by error correction decoding;

Respectively performing de-interleaving and error correction decoding on soft information required by the error correction decoding to obtain second data bits subjected to the error correction coding, obtaining high-order bits of binary labels of the transmission symbols, and determining a subset to which the transmission symbols belong by utilizing the high-order bits;

And according to the subset of the transmission symbol, performing hard decision by utilizing soft information of the transmission symbol, and determining low-order data bits in a decoding result corresponding to the transmission symbol.

Optionally, the error correction decoding is specifically inner code decoding, and for a service type with a preset service quality requirement, the processor 504 is further configured to call a program instruction stored in the memory, and execute according to the obtained program:

and respectively carrying out de-interleaving and outer code decoding treatment on the decoding result to obtain a final decoding result.

A transceiver 501 for receiving and transmitting data under the control of a processor 504.

In FIG. 12, a bus architecture (represented by bus 506), the bus 506 may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, with the bus 506 linking together various circuits, including one or more processors, represented by the processor 504, and memory, represented by the memory 505. Bus 500 may also link together various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, power management circuits, etc., as are well known in the art and, therefore, will not be described further herein. Bus interface 503 provides an interface between bus 506 and transceiver 501. The transceiver 501 may be one element or may be a plurality of elements, such as a plurality of receivers and transmitters, providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The data processed by the processor 504 is transmitted over a wireless medium via the antenna 502, and further, the antenna 502 also receives data and transmits the data to the processor 504.

The processor 504 is responsible for managing the bus 506 and general processing, as well as providing various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. And memory 505 may be used to store data used by processor 504 in performing operations.

Alternatively, the processor 504 may be a CPU (central processing unit), an ASIC (Application SPECIFIC INTEGRATED Circuit), an FPGA (Field-Programmable gate array) or a CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device ).

Referring to fig. 13, another signal transmitting apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

a first unit 11, configured to determine, for a data frame currently required to be transmitted, a first data bit that needs to be protected by error correction coding, and a second data bit that does not need to be protected by error correction coding;

a second unit 12, configured to perform error correction coding on the first data bits, and perform interleaving processing on the codeword obtained after the error correction coding, so as to obtain interleaved codeword bits;

A third unit 13, configured to select constellation points from the signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the interleaved codeword bits.

Optionally, selecting constellation points from a signal constellation as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the interleaved codeword bits, including:

And selecting constellation points as transmission symbols by using the second data bits and the code word bits after interleaving processing and combining a mapping relation between preset constellation points and binary labels.

Optionally, each of the binary labels includes a high order and a low order binary label.

Optionally, the transmission symbol includes high-order bits and low-order bits, the high-order bits are selected from the interleaved codeword bits, and the low-order bits are selected from the second data bits.

Optionally, the mapping relationship is established in the following manner:

Carrying out subset division on a constellation, carrying out Gray coding or quasi-Gray coding on representative elements in each subset, and taking a coding result as a subset index, wherein the representative elements in each subset are constellation points at preset positions in the subset;

gray coding or quasi-Gray coding is carried out on each constellation point in each subset, and the coding result is used as an index in the subset of the constellation point;

And establishing a mapping relation between the constellation points and binary labels by utilizing the subset indexes and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points, wherein for each constellation point, the subset indexes and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points form the binary labels of the constellation points, the subset indexes of the constellation points serve as the binary labels of the high-order parts, and the intra-subset indexes of the constellation points serve as the binary labels of the low-order parts.

Optionally, for a data frame that needs to be transmitted currently, determining a first data bit that needs to be protected by error correction coding and a second data bit that does not need to be protected by error correction coding specifically includes:

Determining a modulation order, a code rate of error correction coding and a subset size of the subset according to the target spectrum efficiency;

Taking the logarithm based on 2 as the total length m of the binary label for the modulation order;

taking a logarithm of the subset size with 2 as a length l of the low-order part binary label;

determining the proportion of the second data bits to the total bits of the data frame by the following formula:

Wherein, R _in is the code rate of the error correction coding;

and dividing the data frame into two parts, namely the first data bit and the second data bit according to the proportion.

Optionally, the error correction coding is specifically an inner code coding, and for a service type of a preset quality of service requirement, before determining the first data bit and the second data bit, the first unit 11 is further configured to:

Performing outer code coding on an information sequence of a data frame which needs to be transmitted currently;

And interleaving the result after the outer code encoding.

Referring to fig. 14, another signal receiving apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

a fourth unit 21, configured to obtain a received symbol at a receiving end after a transmission symbol is transmitted through a channel, and demodulate the received symbol to obtain soft information of the transmission symbol and soft information required for error correction decoding;

A fifth unit 22, configured to deinterleave and error-correcting decode the soft information required by the error-correcting decoding, obtain second data bits for performing the error-correcting encoding, obtain high-order bits of the binary label of the transmission symbol, and determine a subset to which the transmission symbol belongs by using the high-order bits;

A sixth unit 23, configured to determine, according to the subset to which the transmission symbol belongs, the low-order data bits in the decoding result corresponding to the transmission symbol by performing hard decision using the soft information of the transmission symbol.

Optionally, the error correction decoding is specifically inner code decoding, and for a service type with a preset qos requirement, the sixth unit 23 is further configured to:

and respectively carrying out de-interleaving and outer code decoding treatment on the decoding result to obtain a final decoding result.

Similarly, the device provided in the embodiment of the present application may have both the unit shown in fig. 13 and the unit shown in fig. 14, and may be used as a transmitting device (having the encoding function described in the embodiment of the present application) or may be used as a receiving device (having the decoding function described in the embodiment of the present application).

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the division of the units is schematic, which is merely a logic function division, and other division manners may be implemented in actual practice. In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.

The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be embodied in essence or a part contributing to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. The storage medium includes a U disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.

In addition, it should be noted that the encoding device and the decoding device provided by the embodiments of the present application may be the same device, that is, the same device may implement both the encoding function provided by the embodiments of the present application and the decoding function provided by the embodiments of the present application. That is, the same device may be used as both a transmitting end and a receiving end.

The embodiment of the application provides a computing device which can be a desktop computer, a portable computer, a smart phone, a tablet Personal computer, a Personal digital assistant (Personal DIGITAL ASSISTANT, PDA) and the like. The computing device may include a central processing unit (Center Processing Unit, CPU), memory, input/output devices, etc., the input devices may include a keyboard, mouse, touch screen, etc., and the output devices may include a display device, such as a Liquid crystal display (Liquid CRYSTAL DISPLAY, LCD), cathode Ray Tube (CRT), etc.

The memory may include Read Only Memory (ROM) and Random Access Memory (RAM) and provides the processor with program instructions and data stored in the memory. In the embodiment of the present application, the memory may be used to store a program of any of the methods provided in the embodiment of the present application.

The processor is configured to execute any of the methods provided by the embodiments of the present application according to the obtained program instructions by calling the program instructions stored in the memory.

An embodiment of the present application provides a computer storage medium storing computer program instructions for use in an apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application, where the computer storage medium includes a program for executing any one of the methods provided in the embodiment of the present application.

The computer storage media may be any available media or data storage device that can be accessed by a computer, including, but not limited to, magnetic storage (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tape, magneto-optical disks (MOs), etc.), optical storage (e.g., CD, DVD, BD, HVD, etc.), and semiconductor storage (e.g., ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, non-volatile storage (NAND FLASH), solid State Disk (SSD)), etc.

The method provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to terminal equipment and network equipment.

The Terminal device may also be referred to as a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a Mobile Terminal (RAN), or the like, and may optionally be capable of communicating with one or more core networks via a radio access network (Radio Access Network, RAN), for example, the Terminal may be a Mobile phone (or "cellular" phone), or a computer with Mobile properties, or the like, for example, the Terminal may also be a portable, pocket, hand-held, computer-built-in, or vehicle-mounted Mobile device.

The network device may be a base station (e.g., an access point) that refers to a device in an access network that communicates over the air-interface, through one or more sectors, with wireless terminals. The base station may be configured to inter-convert the received air frames with IP packets as a router between the wireless terminal and the rest of the access network, which may include an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The base station may also coordinate attribute management for the air interface. For example, the base station may be a base station (BTS, base Transceiver Station) in GSM or CDMA, a base station (NodeB) in WCDMA, an evolved base station (NodeB or eNB or e-NodeB, evolutional Node B) in LTE, or a gNB in a 5G system, etc. The embodiment of the application is not limited.

The above-described method process flow may be implemented in a software program, which may be stored in a storage medium, and which performs the above-described method steps when the stored software program is called.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, magnetic disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present application also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.