CN116202237B - A solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device and monitoring method - Google Patents
- ️Fri Aug 11 2023
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- CN116202237B CN116202237B CN202310473202.7A CN202310473202A CN116202237B CN 116202237 B CN116202237 B CN 116202237B CN 202310473202 A CN202310473202 A CN 202310473202A CN 116202237 B CN116202237 B CN 116202237B Authority
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- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置及监测方法，属于太阳能光热性能监测技术领域。本发明太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置包括检测装置、真空泵和监测装置，检测装置包括太阳能真空管、非成像聚光器和可控光源发射器，太阳能真空管设置在非成像聚光器的A端，可控光源发射器设置在非成像聚光器的B端，太阳能真空管的中心轴与可控光源发射器的光源中心轴线平行，太阳能真空管的中心轴和可控光源发射器的光源中心轴线所在的平面记为O平面，非成像聚光器的第一反射面和第二反射面相对于O平面呈镜像对称；真空泵与太阳能真空管的出口端连通，监测装置的第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器分别设置在太阳能真空管的入口端和出口端。
The invention relates to a solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device and a monitoring method, belonging to the technical field of solar photothermal performance monitoring. The solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device of the present invention includes a detection device, a vacuum pump and a monitoring device. The detection device includes a solar vacuum tube, a non-imaging concentrator and a controllable light source emitter. The solar vacuum tube is arranged at the A end of the non-imaging concentrator. The controllable light source transmitter is arranged at the B end of the non-imaging concentrator, the central axis of the solar vacuum tube is parallel to the light source central axis of the controllable light source transmitter, and the plane where the central axis of the solar vacuum tube and the light source central axis of the controllable light source transmitter are located Denoted as the O plane, the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the O plane; the vacuum pump is connected with the outlet end of the solar vacuum tube, and the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor of the monitoring device are respectively set At the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置及监测方法，属于太阳能光热性能监测技术领域。The invention relates to a solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device and a monitoring method, belonging to the technical field of solar photothermal performance monitoring.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会经济的全球化和文化交流的不断发展，能源枯竭、环境污染、生态破坏等问题日趋严重，能源安全越来越成为全人类共同关注的话题。太阳能作为一种自然资源，以其储量丰富且无污染的优势，被国际社会公认为最具竞争力的可再生能源之一。为满足生活用热需求、促进节能减排目标实现，将太阳辐射能聚光进行热利用是一种简单、直接、有效的方式。我国幅员辽阔，拥有较为丰富的太阳能资源，且太阳能光热利用目前逐渐扩大范围。With the globalization of social economy and the continuous development of cultural exchanges, problems such as energy depletion, environmental pollution, and ecological damage are becoming more and more serious, and energy security has increasingly become a topic of common concern to all mankind. As a natural resource, solar energy is recognized by the international community as one of the most competitive renewable energy sources due to its advantages of abundant reserves and no pollution. In order to meet domestic heat demand and promote the realization of energy conservation and emission reduction goals, it is a simple, direct and effective way to concentrate solar radiation energy for heat utilization. my country has a vast territory and abundant solar energy resources, and the scope of solar thermal utilization is gradually expanding.
太阳能真空管具有结构简单、经济成本低和优良的热工性能等优势，而被广泛应用于太阳能热利用集成系统，将真空管作为太阳能光热转换的载体，可高效的将太阳辐射能转换为直接利用的热能。然而在太阳能真空管的性能测验时，因时间、空间以及天气状况等因素受到限制，其光热性能难以得到真实有效的实验验证。Solar vacuum tubes have the advantages of simple structure, low economic cost and excellent thermal performance, and are widely used in solar thermal utilization integrated systems. Using vacuum tubes as the carrier of solar photothermal conversion can efficiently convert solar radiation energy into direct utilization heat energy. However, when testing the performance of solar vacuum tubes, due to time, space, and weather conditions and other factors, it is difficult to obtain real and effective experimental verification of its photothermal performance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术太阳能真空管光热性能监测不准确，受时间、空间和天气状况等因素限制的问题，本发明提出了一种基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置，即利用太阳能真空管、非成像聚光器、光源发射器、真空泵、流量计、数据记录仪、数据接收器、计算机构建成基于非成像聚光作用的太阳能真空管热性能监测装置，利用光源发射器模拟不同波段、不同强度和不同角度的太阳光线，通过非成像聚光器对光线进行聚光反射，最后会聚到真空管吸收体表面，通过流量计、数据记录仪和接收器等设备获得其各项热参数，实现跨时空、便捷有效的监测太阳能真空管光热性能；其次，非成像聚光器的无漏光的V形结构可有效防止光线的逃逸，不仅提高了光源的利用效率，且V形结构具有较好的稳固性，有利于本监测装置的稳定运行。Aiming at the inaccurate monitoring of the photothermal performance of solar vacuum tubes in the prior art, which is limited by factors such as time, space and weather conditions, the present invention proposes a solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the principle of non-imaging optics, that is, using solar vacuum tubes , non-imaging concentrator, light source emitter, vacuum pump, flow meter, data recorder, data receiver, and computer to construct a solar vacuum tube thermal performance monitoring device based on non-imaging concentrating, using the light source emitter to simulate different bands, different The solar rays with different intensities and angles are concentrated and reflected by the non-imaging concentrator, and finally converged to the surface of the vacuum tube absorber, and its various thermal parameters are obtained through flowmeters, data recorders and receivers, etc. Time and space, convenient and effective monitoring of the photothermal performance of solar vacuum tubes; secondly, the V-shaped structure of the non-imaging concentrator without light leakage can effectively prevent light from escaping, not only improving the utilization efficiency of the light source, but also the V-shaped structure has better stability It is beneficial to the stable operation of the monitoring device.
一种太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置，该装置基于非成像光学原理，包括检测装置、真空泵4和监测装置，检测装置包括太阳能真空管1、非成像聚光器2和可控光源发射器3，非成像聚光器2包括A端和B端，太阳能真空管1设置在非成像聚光器2内且靠近非成像聚光器2的A端，可控光源发射器3设置在非成像聚光器2的B端，非成像聚光器2与可控光源发射器3形成光源聚光封闭结构，太阳能真空管1的中心轴与可控光源发射器3的光源中心轴线平行，太阳能真空管1的中心轴和可控光源发射器3的光源中心轴线所在的平面记为O平面，非成像聚光器2被O平面分成第一反射面2-1和第二反射面2-2，第一反射面2-1和第二反射面2-2相对于O平面呈镜像对称；A solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device, the device is based on the principle of non-imaging optics, including a detection device, a vacuum pump 4 and a monitoring device, the detection device includes a solar vacuum tube 1, a non-imaging concentrator 2 and a controllable light source emitter 3, non-imaging The imaging concentrator 2 includes an A end and a B end, the solar vacuum tube 1 is arranged in the non-imaging concentrator 2 and is close to the A end of the non-imaging concentrator 2, and the controllable light source transmitter 3 is arranged on the non-imaging concentrator 2 At the B end, the non-imaging concentrator 2 and the controllable light source transmitter 3 form a light source concentrating closed structure, the central axis of the solar vacuum tube 1 is parallel to the central axis of the light source of the controllable light source transmitter 3, and the central axis of the solar vacuum tube 1 and The plane where the central axis of the light source of the controllable light source transmitter 3 is located is denoted as the O plane, and the non-imaging concentrator 2 is divided into the first reflective surface 2-1 and the second reflective surface 2-2 by the O plane, and the first reflective surface 2- 1 and the second reflective surface 2-2 are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the O plane;
太阳能真空管1的两端分别为入口端和出口端，真空泵4与太阳能真空管1的出口端连通，监测装置的第一温度传感器设置在太阳能真空管1的入口端，监测装置的第二温度传感器设置在太阳能真空管1的出口端；The two ends of solar vacuum tube 1 are inlet port and outlet port respectively, and vacuum pump 4 is communicated with the outlet end of solar vacuum tube 1, and the first temperature sensor of monitoring device is arranged on the inlet port of solar vacuum tube 1, and the second temperature sensor of monitoring device is arranged on The outlet end of the solar vacuum tube 1;
所述太阳能真空管1包括太阳能真空管内管1-1和太阳能真空管外管1-2，太阳能真空管外管1-2为透明管，太阳能真空管内管1-1的外壁涂覆设置有光线吸收转换涂层，光线吸收转换涂层可将光线转换为热能。The solar vacuum tube 1 includes a solar vacuum tube inner tube 1-1 and a solar vacuum tube outer tube 1-2, the solar vacuum tube outer tube 1-2 is a transparent tube, and the outer wall of the solar vacuum tube inner tube 1-1 is coated with a light absorption conversion coating layer, the light-absorbing conversion coating converts light into heat energy.
所述监测装置还包括流量计5、数据记录仪6、数据接收器7和计算机8，第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器均与数据记录仪6信号连接，流量计5与太阳能真空管1的出口端连通，流量计5与数据记录仪6信号连接，数据记录仪6通过数据接收器7与计算机8无线信号连接。Described monitoring device also comprises flow meter 5, data logger 6, data receiver 7 and computer 8, and first temperature sensor and second temperature sensor are all connected with data logger 6 signals, flow meter 5 and the outlet of solar vacuum tube 1 The flowmeter 5 is connected to the data recorder 6, and the data recorder 6 is connected to the computer 8 through the data receiver 7 with a wireless signal.
所述非成像聚光器2的第一反射面2-1包括第一无漏光V形结构反射面和第一聚光反射曲面，第二反射面2-2包括第二无漏光V形结构反射面和第二聚光反射曲面，第一无漏光V形结构反射面和第二无漏光V形结构反射面相对于O平面呈镜像对称，第一无漏光V形结构反射面的第一端与第二无漏光V形结构反射面的第一端无缝相接，第一聚光反射曲面与第二聚光反射曲面相对于O平面呈镜像对称，第一聚光反射曲面的第一端与第一无漏光V形结构反射面的第二端无缝连接，第二聚光反射曲面的第一端与第二无漏光V形结构反射面的第二端无缝连接，第一聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器3的上端面无缝连接，第二聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器3的下端面无缝连接。The first reflective surface 2-1 of the non-imaging concentrator 2 includes a first light-leakage-free V-shaped reflective surface and a first light-condensing reflective curved surface, and the second reflective surface 2-2 includes a second light-leakage-free V-shaped reflective surface. surface and the second light-gathering reflective surface, the first non-leakage V-shaped structure reflective surface and the second no-light-leakage V-shaped structure reflective surface are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the O plane, the first end of the first non-light-leakage V-shaped structure reflective surface and the second The first end of the V-shaped reflective surface without light leakage is seamlessly connected, the first light-gathering curved surface and the second light-gathering curved surface are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the O plane, and the first end of the first light-gathering curved surface is connected to the second light-gathering curved surface. The second end of a no-light-leakage V-shaped reflective surface is seamlessly connected, the first end of the second light-gathering curved reflective surface is seamlessly connected with the second end of the second no-light-leakage V-shaped reflective surface, and the first light-gathering curved reflective surface The second end of the second converging surface is seamlessly connected with the upper end surface of the controllable light source emitter 3, and the second end of the second concentrating curved surface is seamlessly connected with the lower end surface of the controllable light source emitter 3.
优选的，所述第一无漏光V形结构反射面包括无缝连接的V形结构反射面Ⅰ和V形结构反射面Ⅱ，第二无漏光V形结构反射面包括无缝连接的V形结构反射面Ⅲ和V形结构反射面Ⅳ，Preferably, the first V-shaped reflective surface without light leakage includes seamlessly connected V-shaped reflective surfaces I and V-shaped reflective surfaces II, and the second V-shaped reflective surface without light leakage includes seamlessly connected V-shaped structures Reflecting surface III and V-shaped structure reflecting surface IV,
V形结构反射面Ⅰ的第一端与V形结构反射面Ⅲ的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅰ的第二端与V形结构反射面Ⅱ的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅱ的第二端与第一聚光反射曲面的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅲ的第二端与V形结构反射面Ⅳ的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅳ的第二端与第二聚光反射曲面的第一端无缝连接；The first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface I is seamlessly connected with the first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface III, the second end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface I is seamlessly connected with the first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface II, The second end of the V-shaped reflective surface II is seamlessly connected to the first end of the first concentrating reflective surface, and the second end of the V-shaped reflective surface III is seamlessly connected to the first end of the V-shaped reflective surface IV. The second end of the V-shaped reflective surface IV is seamlessly connected to the first end of the second light-gathering reflective surface;
V形结构反射面Ⅰ、V形结构反射面Ⅱ、V形结构反射面Ⅲ和V形结构反射面Ⅳ的结构相同。The structures of the V-shaped structure reflective surface I, the V-shaped structured reflective surface II, the V-shaped structured reflective surface III and the V-shaped structured reflective surface IV are the same.
优选的，所述V形结构反射面Ⅰ由第一反射平面和第二反射平面组成。Preferably, the V-shaped reflective surface I is composed of a first reflective plane and a second reflective plane.
更优选的，对检测装置从上到下进行纵截，在该检测装置的纵截面上，V形结构反射面Ⅰ的第一端与V形结构反射面Ⅲ的第一端相接线对应的点为D点，第一反射平面和第二反射平面的相交直线对应的点为C点，第一聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器3的上端面相交线对应的点为B点，第二聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器3的下端面相交线对应的点为E点，第一无漏光V形结构反射面对应的线条为DA锯齿线段，第一聚光反射曲面对应的曲线段为AB曲线段，AB曲线段由AM曲线段和MB曲线段组成，其中M点的切线为水平线；More preferably, the detection device is longitudinally cut from top to bottom, and on the longitudinal section of the detection device, the first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface I is connected to the first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface III at the point corresponding to the line is point D, the point corresponding to the intersecting straight line of the first reflection plane and the second reflection plane is point C, and the point corresponding to the intersection line between the second end of the first converging reflective surface and the upper end surface of the controllable light source emitter 3 is B point, the point corresponding to the intersection line between the second end of the second concentrating reflective surface and the lower end surface of the controllable light source emitter 3 is point E, and the line corresponding to the first light-leakage-free V-shaped reflective surface is a DA zigzag line segment. The curve segment corresponding to a light-concentrating reflective surface is the AB curve segment, and the AB curve segment is composed of the AM curve segment and the MB curve segment, wherein the tangent line at point M is a horizontal line;
可控光源发射器3的光源中心轴线在纵截面上对应的点为O 2点，以太阳能真空管1的中心轴对应的O 1点为坐标系的原点，以O 1点与O 2点所在的O 1 O 2连线为x轴，O 1点上垂直于O 1 O 2连线的直线为y轴建立坐标系，即xo 1 y坐标系；The point corresponding to the central axis of the light source of the controllable light source emitter 3 on the longitudinal section is the O 2 point, the O 1 point corresponding to the central axis of the solar vacuum tube 1 is the origin of the coordinate system, and the O 1 point and the O 2 point are located The line connecting O 1 O 2 is the x-axis, and the straight line perpendicular to the line connecting O 1 O 2 on O 1 establishes a coordinate system for the y -axis, that is, the xo 1 y coordinate system;
线段O 1C与线段O 1D形成的夹角ω的取值为The value of the angle ω formed by the line segment O 1 C and the line segment O 1 D is
ω=0.25arctan(r/R) ω =0.25arctan( r / R )
式中，r为太阳能真空管内管的内半径，R为太阳能真空管外管的最大半径；In the formula, r is the inner radius of the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube, and R is the maximum radius of the outer tube of the solar vacuum tube;
第一反射平面的宽度即线段CD的计算式为 式中，R o为第一无漏光V形结构反射面的轮廓半径；The width of the first reflection plane, that is, the calculation formula of the line segment CD is In the formula, R o is the contour radius of the first light-leakage-free V-shaped structure reflective surface;
xo 1 y坐标系中，设P点为AM曲线段任意动点，满足以下方程式： 式中，θ为AM曲线段上任意动点P的连线o 1 P与x轴负半轴的夹角，β为AM曲线段的起始位置角，f(θ) 为非成像聚光器结构向量控制函数；In the xo 1 y coordinate system, point P is any moving point of the AM curve segment, which satisfies the following equation: In the formula, θ is the angle between the line o 1 P connecting any moving point P on the AM curve segment and the negative semi-axis of the x -axis, β is the starting position angle of the AM curve segment, and f ( θ ) is the non-imaging concentrator Structural vector control functions;
xo 1 y坐标系中，设Q点为BM曲线段任意动点，满足以下方程式： 式中，Θ为BM曲线段任意动点Q的连线EQ与x轴负半轴的夹角，l为光源发射器的长度，L为o 1与o 2的距离，α为非成像聚光器结构控制参数，优选的，30°≤α≤60°。In the xo 1 y coordinate system, point Q is any moving point of the BM curve segment, which satisfies the following equation: In the formula, Θ is the angle between the line EQ of any moving point Q in the BM curve segment and the negative semi-axis of the x -axis, l is the length of the light source emitter, L is the distance between o1 and o2 , and α is the non-imaging spotlight The structure control parameters of the device, preferably, 30° ≤α ≤60°.
一种太阳能真空管光热性能监测方法，采用所述基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置，具体步骤如下：A method for monitoring the photothermal performance of a solar vacuum tube, using the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the principle of non-imaging optics, the specific steps are as follows:
S1. 根据不同时间段的实时太阳光线，可控光源发射器发射出不同波段、不同强度和不同入射角度的模拟光线，模拟光线经非成像聚光器的第一反射面和第二反射面全部反射至太阳能真空管的外表面；S1. According to the real-time sunlight in different time periods, the controllable light source transmitter emits simulated light with different wave bands, different intensities and different incident angles. The simulated light passes through the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator. reflected to the outer surface of the solar vacuum tube;
S2. 模拟光线经太阳能真空管的光线吸收转换涂层转换为热能传递给太阳能真空管内管中的集热工质，集热工质温度升高；S2. The simulated light is converted into heat energy by the light absorption conversion coating of the solar vacuum tube and transferred to the heat-collecting working medium in the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube, and the temperature of the heat-collecting working medium rises;
S3. 真空泵加速太阳能真空管内管中的集热工质流动，监测装置的第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器实时监测太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的温度，监测装置实时监测太阳能真空管出口集热工质的流量，根据太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的实时温度和太阳能真空管出口集热工质的实时流量，分析模拟光线下太阳能真空管的光热性能，光热性能包括光热转换效率。S3. The vacuum pump accelerates the flow of heat-collecting working medium in the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor of the monitoring device monitor the temperature of the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube in real time, and the monitoring device monitors the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube in real time According to the real-time temperature of the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube and the real-time flow rate of the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube, the photothermal performance of the solar vacuum tube under simulated light is analyzed, and the photothermal performance includes the photothermal conversion efficiency.
本发明利用非成像聚光器可有效的将可控光源发射器发射出的不同波段、不同强度和不同入射角度的模拟光线会聚到太阳能真空管的表面，利用真空泵加速太阳能真空管内管中的集热工质流动，监测装置实时监测太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的实时温度和太阳能真空管出口集热工质的实时流量，有效的评估太阳能真空管光热特性。The invention utilizes the non-imaging concentrator to effectively converge simulated light rays of different wave bands, different intensities and different incident angles emitted by the controllable light source transmitter to the surface of the solar vacuum tube, and uses a vacuum pump to accelerate the heat collection in the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube Working medium flow, the monitoring device monitors the real-time temperature of the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube and the real-time flow rate of the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube in real time, so as to effectively evaluate the photothermal characteristics of the solar vacuum tube.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
（1）本发明利用非成像聚光器实现太阳能真空管光热性能的便捷高效测试：根据不同时间段的实时太阳光线，可控光源发射器发射出与实时太阳光线对应的不同波段、不同光谱强度和不同入射角度的模拟光线，经非成像聚光器的第一反射面和第二反射面全部反射至太阳能真空管的外表面，并经太阳能真空管的光线吸收转换涂层转化为热能并传递给集热工质，通过监测太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的实时温度和太阳能真空管出口集热工质的实时流量，实现了太阳能真空管光热性能（比如光热转换效率等性能参数）的便捷高效测试；(1) The invention uses a non-imaging concentrator to realize convenient and efficient testing of the photothermal performance of solar vacuum tubes: according to the real-time sunlight in different time periods, the controllable light source emitter emits different bands and different spectral intensities corresponding to the real-time sunlight The simulated light with different incident angles is completely reflected to the outer surface of the solar vacuum tube by the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator, and is converted into heat energy by the light absorption conversion coating of the solar vacuum tube and transferred to the collector. Thermal working medium, by monitoring the real-time temperature of the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube and the real-time flow rate of the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube, the convenient and efficient test of the photothermal performance of the solar vacuum tube (such as performance parameters such as photothermal conversion efficiency) is realized;
（2）本发明基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置静态运行无需跟踪：聚光结构由非成像聚光器组成，其具有系统静态运行无需跟踪装置的优势，而常规的跟踪式太阳能聚光系统需要配置复杂的跟踪装置，以实现太阳能的动态追踪，不利于其稳定运行和经济效益；非成像聚光器具有高效聚光无需跟踪的特性，系统结构简单且静态稳定运行，便于工业上集成利用；(2) The static operation of the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the principle of non-imaging optics does not require tracking: the concentrating structure is composed of non-imaging concentrators, which has the advantage that the system does not need tracking devices for static operation, while the conventional tracking The solar concentrating system needs to be equipped with complex tracking devices to realize the dynamic tracking of solar energy, which is not conducive to its stable operation and economic benefits; the non-imaging concentrator has the characteristics of efficient concentrating without tracking, the system structure is simple and the static and stable operation is convenient. Integrated utilization in industry;
（3）本发明基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置实现了光线无逃逸吸收：常规的非成像聚光器多用于低倍聚光接收半角较小，而本申请非成像聚光结构能够最大限度的接收各个角度的入射光线，将可控光源发射器发射出不同波段、不同强度和不同入射角度的模拟光线全部反射到太阳能真空管表面实现高效聚光，可有效消除太阳能真空管内外管夹层间的光线逃逸，有利于提高光源的利用率；(3) The solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the principle of non-imaging optics of the present invention realizes light absorption without escape: conventional non-imaging concentrators are mostly used for low-power concentrating light with a small receiving half angle, while the non-imaging concentrating light of this application The structure can receive incident light from all angles to the maximum, and all the simulated light emitted by the controllable light source transmitter in different bands, different intensities and different incident angles will be reflected to the surface of the solar vacuum tube to achieve efficient light concentration, which can effectively eliminate the internal and external tubes of the solar vacuum tube. The escape of light between the interlayers is beneficial to improve the utilization rate of the light source;
（4）本发明基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置不受时空及天气条件限制：利用可控光源发射器发射模拟光线实现太阳能真空管光热性能的监测，无需室外实验，不受时间、空间以及天气条件的干扰，可跨越时空、天气及环境的限制，操作简便快捷，利于实际应用；(4) The solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the principle of non-imaging optics of the present invention is not limited by time, space and weather conditions: the controllable light source emitter is used to emit simulated light to realize the monitoring of the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance, no outdoor experiments are required, and it is not subject to The interference of time, space and weather conditions can overcome the limitations of time, space, weather and environment, and the operation is simple and fast, which is beneficial to practical application;
（5）本发明基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置中可控光源发射器可发出特定波长、强度、角度的模拟光线，通过特定变量的调控，可在短时间内有针对性的监测太阳能真空管的性能测试，且调试过程简便快捷，使其具有低功耗和高效率的特点；(5) The controllable light source transmitter in the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the principle of non-imaging optics of the present invention can emit simulated light of specific wavelength, intensity and angle, and can be targeted in a short time through the regulation of specific variables. Monitoring the performance test of solar vacuum tubes, and the debugging process is simple and fast, so that it has the characteristics of low power consumption and high efficiency;
（6）本发明基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置中可控光源发射器发出的模拟光线可根据要求灵活设置，实时模拟实际实验条件，且光线经过聚光反射面和无漏光V形结构的反射后全部到达太阳能真空管，可减少光源浪费，具有高效节能的应用优势；(6) The simulated light emitted by the controllable light source emitter in the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the principle of non-imaging optics of the present invention can be flexibly set according to requirements, and the actual experimental conditions can be simulated in real time, and the light passes through the light-condensing reflective surface and has no light leakage After the reflection of the V-shaped structure, all of them reach the solar vacuum tube, which can reduce the waste of light sources and have the application advantages of high efficiency and energy saving;
（7）本发明基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置中非成像聚光器的第一反射面和第二反射面可有效防止外部环境的干扰，例如光线干扰、灰尘堆积、硬件破损等，加强了监测装置在运行过程中对太阳能真空管的保护作用，监测过程具有安全可靠的特点，显著提高其对工作环境的适应性；(7) The first reflective surface and the second reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator in the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the principle of non-imaging optics of the present invention can effectively prevent interference from the external environment, such as light interference, dust accumulation, hardware Damage, etc., strengthen the protection effect of the monitoring device on the solar vacuum tube during operation, and the monitoring process has the characteristics of safety and reliability, which significantly improves its adaptability to the working environment;
（8）本发明基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置中通过监测装置可简便有效的测得太阳能真空管的进出口温度、流量、光热转换效率等热性能参数，操作简便，计算机可动态显示并存储测量数据，无需人工干预，具有智能、快捷、简便的优势，可较好的应用于工程领域。(8) In the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the non-imaging optical principle of the present invention, the thermal performance parameters such as the inlet and outlet temperature, flow rate, and photothermal conversion efficiency of the solar vacuum tube can be measured simply and effectively through the monitoring device. It can dynamically display and store measurement data without manual intervention. It has the advantages of intelligence, speed and simplicity, and can be better applied in the engineering field.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device;
图2为检测装置的纵截面结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional structure schematic diagram of detection device;
图3为非成像聚光器聚光示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of light concentrating by a non-imaging light concentrator;
图中，1-太阳能真空管、1-1-太阳能真空管内管、1-2-太阳能真空管外管、2-非成像聚光器、2-1-第一反射面、2-2-第二反射面、3-可控光源发射器、4-真空泵、5-流量计、6-数据记录仪、7-数据接收器、8-计算机。In the figure, 1-solar vacuum tube, 1-1-inner tube of solar vacuum tube, 1-2-outer tube of solar vacuum tube, 2-non-imaging concentrator, 2-1-first reflective surface, 2-2-second reflector surface, 3-controllable light source transmitter, 4-vacuum pump, 5-flow meter, 6-data recorder, 7-data receiver, 8-computer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the content described.
实施例1：一种太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置（见图1~3），该装置基于非成像光学原理，包括检测装置、真空泵4和监测装置，检测装置包括太阳能真空管1、非成像聚光器2和可控光源发射器3，非成像聚光器2包括A端和B端，太阳能真空管1设置在非成像聚光器2内且靠近非成像聚光器2的A端，可控光源发射器3设置在非成像聚光器2的B端，非成像聚光器2与可控光源发射器3形成光源聚光封闭结构，太阳能真空管1的中心轴与可控光源发射器3的光源中心轴线平行，太阳能真空管1的中心轴和可控光源发射器3的光源中心轴线所在的平面记为O平面，非成像聚光器2被O平面分成第一反射面2-1和第二反射面2-2，第一反射面2-1和第二反射面2-2相对于O平面呈镜像对称；Example 1: A solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device (see Figures 1-3), the device is based on the principle of non-imaging optics, including a detection device, a vacuum pump 4 and a monitoring device, the detection device includes a solar vacuum tube 1, a non-imaging concentrator 2 and a controllable light source transmitter 3, the non-imaging concentrator 2 includes an A end and a B end, the solar vacuum tube 1 is arranged in the non-imaging concentrator 2 and is close to the A end of the non-imaging concentrator 2, and the controllable light source The emitter 3 is arranged at the B end of the non-imaging light concentrator 2, the non-imaging light concentrator 2 and the controllable light source emitter 3 form a light source concentrating closed structure, the central axis of the solar vacuum tube 1 and the light source of the controllable light source emitter 3 The central axes are parallel, and the plane where the central axis of the solar vacuum tube 1 and the central axis of the light source of the controllable light source emitter 3 are located is denoted as the O plane, and the non-imaging concentrator 2 is divided into the first reflection surface 2-1 and the second reflection surface by the O plane The surface 2-2, the first reflective surface 2-1 and the second reflective surface 2-2 are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the O plane;
太阳能真空管1的两端分别为入口端和出口端，真空泵4与太阳能真空管1的出口端连通，监测装置的第一温度传感器设置在太阳能真空管1的入口端，监测装置的第二温度传感器设置在太阳能真空管1的出口端；The two ends of solar vacuum tube 1 are inlet port and outlet port respectively, and vacuum pump 4 is communicated with the outlet end of solar vacuum tube 1, and the first temperature sensor of monitoring device is arranged on the inlet port of solar vacuum tube 1, and the second temperature sensor of monitoring device is arranged on The outlet end of the solar vacuum tube 1;
太阳能真空管1包括太阳能真空管内管1-1和太阳能真空管外管1-2，太阳能真空管外管1-2为透明管，太阳能真空管内管1-1的外壁涂覆设置有光线吸收转换涂层，光线吸收转换涂层可将光线转换为热能；The solar vacuum tube 1 includes a solar vacuum tube inner tube 1-1 and a solar vacuum tube outer tube 1-2, the solar vacuum tube outer tube 1-2 is a transparent tube, and the outer wall of the solar vacuum tube inner tube 1-1 is coated with a light absorption conversion coating, Light-absorbing conversion coatings convert light into heat;
一种太阳能真空管光热性能监测方法，采用所述基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置，具体步骤如下：A method for monitoring the photothermal performance of a solar vacuum tube, using the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the principle of non-imaging optics, the specific steps are as follows:
S1. 根据不同时间段的实时太阳光线，可控光源发射器发射出不同波段、不同强度和不同入射角度的模拟光线，模拟光线经非成像聚光器的第一反射面和第二反射面全部反射至太阳能真空管的外表面；S1. According to the real-time sunlight in different time periods, the controllable light source transmitter emits simulated light with different wave bands, different intensities and different incident angles. The simulated light passes through the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator. reflected to the outer surface of the solar vacuum tube;
S2. 模拟光线经太阳能真空管的光线吸收转换涂层转换为热能传递给太阳能真空管内管中的集热工质，集热工质温度升高；S2. The simulated light is converted into heat energy by the light absorption conversion coating of the solar vacuum tube and transferred to the heat-collecting working medium in the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube, and the temperature of the heat-collecting working medium rises;
S3. 真空泵加速太阳能真空管内管中的集热工质流动，监测装置的第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器实时监测太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的温度，监测装置实时监测太阳能真空管出口集热工质的流量，根据太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的实时温度和太阳能真空管出口集热工质的实时流量，分析模拟光线下太阳能真空管的光热性能，光热性能包括光热转换效率。S3. The vacuum pump accelerates the flow of heat-collecting working medium in the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor of the monitoring device monitor the temperature of the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube in real time, and the monitoring device monitors the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube in real time According to the real-time temperature of the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube and the real-time flow rate of the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube, the photothermal performance of the solar vacuum tube under simulated light is analyzed, and the photothermal performance includes the photothermal conversion efficiency.
实施例2：本实施例太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置与实施例1的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置结构基本相同，不同之处在于：监测装置还包括流量计5、数据记录仪6、数据接收器7和计算机8，第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器均与数据记录仪6信号连接，流量计5与太阳能真空管1的出口端连通，流量计5与数据记录仪6信号连接，数据记录仪6通过数据接收器7与计算机8无线信号连接；Embodiment 2: The structure of the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device in this embodiment is basically the same as that of the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device in Embodiment 1, the difference is that the monitoring device also includes a flow meter 5, a data recorder 6, a data receiving Device 7 and computer 8, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are all connected with data logger 6 signals, flow meter 5 is communicated with the outlet end of solar vacuum tube 1, flow meter 5 is connected with data logger 6 signals, data logger 6. Connect with computer 8 by wireless signal through data receiver 7;
由于集热工质匀速流动，通过流量计5实时监测太阳能真空管1的出口端集热工质的实时流量，即监测出集热工质的整体流速，第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器分别监测太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的实时温度，实时流量以及太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的实时温度均通过数据记录仪6记录，再通过数据接收器7传输给计算机8，计算机8根据太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的实时温度和太阳能真空管出口集热工质的实时流量，分析模拟光线下太阳能真空管的光热性能，光热性能包括光热转换效率。Due to the uniform flow of the heat-collecting working medium, the real-time flow rate of the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet end of the solar vacuum tube 1 is monitored in real time by the flow meter 5, that is, the overall flow rate of the heat-collecting working medium is monitored, and the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor respectively monitor The real-time temperature of the inlet and outlet of the solar vacuum tube, the real-time flow rate and the real-time temperature of the inlet and outlet of the solar vacuum tube are all recorded by the data recorder 6, and then transmitted to the computer 8 through the data receiver 7, and the computer 8 according to the inlet and outlet of the solar vacuum tube The real-time temperature at the end and the real-time flow rate of the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube are analyzed to analyze the photothermal performance of the solar vacuum tube under simulated light. The photothermal performance includes the photothermal conversion efficiency.
实施例3：本实施例太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置与实施例2的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置结构基本相同，不同之处在于：非成像聚光器2的第一反射面2-1包括第一无漏光V形结构反射面和第一聚光反射曲面，第二反射面2-2包括第二无漏光V形结构反射面和第二聚光反射曲面，第一无漏光V形结构反射面和第二无漏光V形结构反射面相对于O平面呈镜像对称，第一无漏光V形结构反射面的第一端与第二无漏光V形结构反射面的第一端无缝相接，第一聚光反射曲面与第二聚光反射曲面相对于O平面呈镜像对称，第一聚光反射曲面的第一端与第一无漏光V形结构反射面的第二端无缝连接，第二聚光反射曲面的第一端与第二无漏光V形结构反射面的第二端无缝连接，第一聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器3的上端面无缝连接，第二聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器3的下端面无缝连接；Embodiment 3: The structure of the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device in this embodiment is basically the same as that of the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device in Embodiment 2, except that the first reflective surface 2-1 of the non-imaging concentrator 2 includes The first non-leakage V-shaped structure reflective surface and the first light-gathering reflective surface, the second reflective surface 2-2 includes the second no-light-leakage V-shaped structure reflective surface and the second light-gather reflective surface, the first no-light-leakage V-shaped structure reflective surface The surface and the second no-light-leakage V-shaped reflective surface are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the O plane, and the first end of the first no-light-leakage V-shaped reflective surface is seamlessly connected with the first end of the second no-light-leakage V-shaped reflective surface. The first light-gathering curved surface and the second light-gathering curved surface are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the O plane, the first end of the first light-gathering curved surface is seamlessly connected with the second end of the first non-leakage V-shaped structure reflecting surface, and the second The first end of the second concentrating reflective surface is seamlessly connected with the second end of the second V-shaped reflective surface without light leakage, and the second end of the first concentrating reflective surface is seamlessly connected with the upper end surface of the controllable light source emitter 3 , the second end of the second concentrating reflective surface is seamlessly connected to the lower end surface of the controllable light source emitter 3;
第一无漏光V形结构反射面包括无缝连接的V形结构反射面Ⅰ和V形结构反射面Ⅱ，第二无漏光V形结构反射面包括无缝连接的V形结构反射面Ⅲ和V形结构反射面Ⅳ，The first V-shaped structure reflective surface without light leakage includes seamlessly connected V-shaped structured reflective surfaces I and V-shaped structured reflective surfaces II, and the second non-light-leaked V-shaped structured reflective surface includes seamlessly connected V-shaped structured reflective surfaces III and V shaped reflective surface IV,
V形结构反射面Ⅰ的第一端与V形结构反射面Ⅲ的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅰ的第二端与V形结构反射面Ⅱ的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅱ的第二端与第一聚光反射曲面的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅲ的第二端与V形结构反射面Ⅳ的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅳ的第二端与第二聚光反射曲面的第一端无缝连接；The first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface I is seamlessly connected with the first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface III, the second end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface I is seamlessly connected with the first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface II, The second end of the V-shaped reflective surface II is seamlessly connected to the first end of the first concentrating reflective surface, and the second end of the V-shaped reflective surface III is seamlessly connected to the first end of the V-shaped reflective surface IV. The second end of the V-shaped reflective surface IV is seamlessly connected to the first end of the second light-gathering reflective surface;
V形结构反射面Ⅰ、V形结构反射面Ⅱ、V形结构反射面Ⅲ和V形结构反射面Ⅳ的结构相同；The structures of the V-shaped structure reflective surface I, the V-shaped structured reflective surface II, the V-shaped structured reflective surface III and the V-shaped structured reflective surface IV are the same;
V形结构反射面Ⅰ由第一反射平面和第二反射平面组成；The V-shaped reflective surface I is composed of a first reflective plane and a second reflective plane;
对检测装置从上到下进行纵截，在该检测装置的纵截面上，V形结构反射面Ⅰ的第一端与V形结构反射面Ⅲ的第一端相接线对应的点为D点，第一反射平面和第二反射平面的相交直线对应的点为C点，第一聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器3的上端面相交线对应的点为B点，第二聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器3的下端面相交线对应的点为E点，第一无漏光V形结构反射面对应的线条为DA锯齿线段，第一聚光反射曲面对应的曲线段为AB曲线段，AB曲线段由AM曲线段和MB曲线段组成，其中M点的切线为水平线；Carry out a vertical section of the detection device from top to bottom. On the longitudinal section of the detection device, the point corresponding to the line connecting the first end of the V-shaped structure reflection surface I and the first end of the V-shaped structure reflection surface III is point D. The point corresponding to the intersecting straight line of the first reflection plane and the second reflection plane is point C, the point corresponding to the intersection line of the second end of the first converging reflective surface and the upper end surface of the controllable light source transmitter 3 is point B, and the second The point corresponding to the intersection line between the second end of the concentrating reflective surface and the lower end surface of the controllable light source emitter 3 is point E, and the line corresponding to the first light-leakage-free V-shaped reflective surface is a DA zigzag line segment, and the first concentrating reflector The curve segment corresponding to the curved surface is the AB curve segment, and the AB curve segment is composed of the AM curve segment and the MB curve segment, and the tangent line at point M is a horizontal line;
可控光源发射器3的光源中心轴线在纵截面上对应的点为O 2点，以太阳能真空管1的中心轴对应的O 1点为坐标系的原点，以O 1点与O 2点所在的O 1 O 2连线为x轴，O 1点上垂直于O 1 O 2连线的直线为y轴建立坐标系，即xo 1 y坐标系；The point corresponding to the central axis of the light source of the controllable light source emitter 3 on the longitudinal section is the O 2 point, the O 1 point corresponding to the central axis of the solar vacuum tube 1 is the origin of the coordinate system, and the O 1 point and the O 2 point are located The line connecting O 1 O 2 is the x-axis, and the straight line perpendicular to the line connecting O 1 O 2 on O 1 establishes a coordinate system for the y -axis, that is, the xo 1 y coordinate system;
线段O 1C与线段O 1D形成的夹角ω的取值为The value of the angle ω formed by the line segment O 1 C and the line segment O 1 D is
ω=0.25arctan(r/R) ω =0.25arctan( r / R )
式中，r为太阳能真空管内管的内半径，R为太阳能真空管外管的最大半径；In the formula, r is the inner radius of the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube, and R is the maximum radius of the outer tube of the solar vacuum tube;
第一反射平面的宽度即线段CD的计算式为 式中，R o为第一无漏光V形结构反射面的轮廓半径；The width of the first reflection plane, that is, the calculation formula of the line segment CD is In the formula, R o is the contour radius of the first light-leakage-free V-shaped structure reflective surface;
xo 1 y坐标系中，设P点为AM曲线段任意动点，满足以下方程式：式中，θ为AM曲线段上任意动点P的连线o 1 P与x轴负半轴的夹角，β为AM曲线段的起始位置角，f(θ) 为非成像聚光器结构向量控制函数；In the xo 1 y coordinate system, point P is any moving point of the AM curve segment, which satisfies the following equation: In the formula, θ is the angle between the line o 1 P connecting any moving point P on the AM curve segment and the negative semi-axis of the x -axis, β is the starting position angle of the AM curve segment, and f ( θ ) is the non-imaging concentrator Structural vector control functions;
xo 1 y坐标系中，设Q点为BM曲线段任意动点，满足以下方程式： 式中，Θ为BM曲线段任意动点Q的连线EQ与x轴负半轴的夹角，l为光源发射器的长度，L为o 1与o 2的距离，α为非成像聚光器结构控制参数，优选的，30°≤α≤60°，由可控光源发射器的尺寸确定；In the xo 1 y coordinate system, point Q is any moving point of the BM curve segment, which satisfies the following equation: In the formula, Θ is the angle between the line EQ of any moving point Q in the BM curve segment and the negative semi-axis of the x -axis, l is the length of the light source emitter, L is the distance between o1 and o2 , and α is the non-imaging spotlight The structural control parameters of the emitter, preferably, 30° ≤α ≤60°, are determined by the size of the controllable light source emitter;
一种太阳能真空管光热性能监测方法，采用所述基于非成像光学原理的太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置，具体步骤如下：A method for monitoring the photothermal performance of a solar vacuum tube, using the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device based on the principle of non-imaging optics, the specific steps are as follows:
S1. 根据不同时间段的实时太阳光线，可控光源发射器发射出不同波段、不同强度和不同入射角度的模拟光线，模拟光线经非成像聚光器的第一反射面和第二反射面全部反射至太阳能真空管的外表面；S1. According to the real-time sunlight in different time periods, the controllable light source transmitter emits simulated light with different wave bands, different intensities and different incident angles. The simulated light passes through the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator. reflected to the outer surface of the solar vacuum tube;
具体的，如图2所示，可控光源发射器发射出平行模拟光线，平行模拟光线经非成像聚光器2的第一聚光反射曲面全部反射至太阳能真空管的外表面；同理，平行模拟光线也可经非成像聚光器2的第二聚光反射曲面全部反射至太阳能真空管的外表面；Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the controllable light source emitter emits parallel simulated light rays, and the parallel simulated light rays are all reflected to the outer surface of the solar vacuum tube by the first concentrating reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator 2; The simulated light can also be completely reflected to the outer surface of the solar vacuum tube through the second concentrating reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator 2;
如图3所示，可控光源发射器发射出不同入射角度的模拟光线，模拟光线经非成像聚光器2的第一聚光反射曲面部分反射至太阳能真空管的外表面，另一部分反射至第一无漏光V形结构反射面和/或第二无漏光V形结构反射面，第一无漏光V形结构反射面和/或第二无漏光V形结构反射面将模拟光线进行一次或多次反射会聚到太阳能真空管的表面；同理，模拟光线也可经非成像聚光器2的第二聚光反射曲面部分反射至太阳能真空管的外表面，另一部分反射至第一无漏光V形结构反射面和/或第二无漏光V形结构反射面，第一无漏光V形结构反射面和/或第二无漏光V形结构反射面将模拟光线进行一次或多次反射会聚到太阳能真空管的表面；As shown in Figure 3, the controllable light source emitter emits simulated light at different incident angles, and the simulated light is partially reflected to the outer surface of the solar vacuum tube by the first concentrating reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator 2, and the other part is reflected to the second A V-shaped reflective surface without light leakage and/or a second V-shaped reflective surface without light leakage, the first V-shaped reflective surface without light leakage and/or the second V-shaped reflective surface without light leakage will simulate light one or more times The reflection converges to the surface of the solar vacuum tube; in the same way, the simulated light can also be partially reflected to the outer surface of the solar vacuum tube through the second concentrating reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator 2, and the other part is reflected to the first light-leakage-free V-shaped structure reflection surface and/or the second V-shaped structure reflective surface without light leakage, the first V-shaped structure reflective surface without light leakage and/or the second V-shaped structure reflective surface without light leakage will simulate light for one or more reflections and converge to the surface of the solar vacuum tube ;
S2. 模拟光线穿过太阳能真空管的透明外管，经太阳能真空管内管外壁的光线吸收转换涂层转换为热能传递给太阳能真空管内管中的集热工质，集热工质温度升高；S2. The simulated light passes through the transparent outer tube of the solar vacuum tube, and is converted into heat energy by the light absorption conversion coating on the outer wall of the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube and transferred to the heat-collecting working medium in the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube, and the temperature of the heat-collecting working medium rises;
S3. 真空泵加速太阳能真空管内管中的集热工质流动，监测装置的第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器实时监测太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的温度，监测装置的流量计实时监测太阳能真空管出口集热工质的流量，太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的温度和太阳能真空管出口集热工质的流量通过数据记录仪6记录，再通过数据接收器7传输给计算机8，计算机8根据太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的实时温度和太阳能真空管出口集热工质的实时流量，分析模拟光线下太阳能真空管的光热性能，光热性能包括光热转换效率。S3. The vacuum pump accelerates the flow of heat-collecting working medium in the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube. The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor of the monitoring device monitor the temperature of the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube in real time, and the flowmeter of the monitoring device monitors the outlet set of the solar vacuum tube in real time. The flow rate of the thermal working medium, the temperature of the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube and the flow rate of the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube are recorded by the data recorder 6, and then transmitted to the computer 8 through the data receiver 7. The real-time temperature at the outlet and the real-time flow rate of the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube are used to analyze the photothermal performance of the solar vacuum tube under simulated light. The photothermal performance includes the photothermal conversion efficiency.
以上对本发明的具体实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。The specific implementation of the present invention has been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned implementation, within the knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Variety.
Claims (3)
1.一种太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置，其特征在于：包括检测装置、真空泵（4）和监测装置，检测装置包括太阳能真空管（1）、非成像聚光器（2）和可控光源发射器（3），非成像聚光器（2）包括A端和B端，太阳能真空管（1）设置在非成像聚光器（2）内且靠近非成像聚光器（2）的A端，可控光源发射器（3）设置在非成像聚光器（2）的B端，非成像聚光器（2）与可控光源发射器（3）形成光源聚光封闭结构，太阳能真空管（1）的中心轴与可控光源发射器（3）的光源中心轴线平行，太阳能真空管（1）的中心轴和可控光源发射器（3）的光源中心轴线所在的平面记为O平面，非成像聚光器（2）被O平面分成第一反射面（2-1）和第二反射面（2-2），第一反射面（2-1）和第二反射面（2-2）相对于O平面呈镜像对称；1. A solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device, characterized in that it includes a detection device, a vacuum pump (4) and a monitoring device, and the detection device includes a solar vacuum tube (1), a non-imaging concentrator (2) and a controllable light source emission device (3), the non-imaging concentrator (2) includes end A and end B, the solar vacuum tube (1) is arranged in the non-imaging concentrator (2) and close to the A end of the non-imaging concentrator (2), The controllable light source emitter (3) is arranged at the B end of the non-imaging concentrator (2), and the non-imaging concentrator (2) and the controllable light source emitter (3) form a light source concentrating closed structure, and the solar vacuum tube (1 ) is parallel to the central axis of the light source of the controllable light source emitter (3), and the plane where the central axis of the solar vacuum tube (1) and the central axis of the light source of the controllable light source emitter (3) are located is marked as the O plane, non-imaging The concentrator (2) is divided into the first reflective surface (2-1) and the second reflective surface (2-2) by the O plane, and the first reflective surface (2-1) is opposite to the second reflective surface (2-2) It is mirror-symmetrical in the O plane; 太阳能真空管（1）包括太阳能真空管内管（1-1）和太阳能真空管外管（1-2）；The solar vacuum tube (1) includes a solar vacuum tube inner tube (1-1) and a solar vacuum tube outer tube (1-2); 太阳能真空管（1）的两端分别为入口端和出口端，真空泵（4）与太阳能真空管（1）的出口端连通，监测装置的第一温度传感器设置在太阳能真空管（1）的入口端，监测装置的第二温度传感器设置在太阳能真空管（1）的出口端；The two ends of the solar vacuum tube (1) are the inlet port and the outlet port respectively, the vacuum pump (4) communicates with the outlet port of the solar vacuum tube (1), and the first temperature sensor of the monitoring device is set at the inlet port of the solar vacuum tube (1) to monitor The second temperature sensor of the device is arranged at the outlet end of the solar vacuum tube (1); 非成像聚光器（2）的第一反射面（2-1）包括第一无漏光V形结构反射面和第一聚光反射曲面，第二反射面（2-2）包括第二无漏光V形结构反射面和第二聚光反射曲面，第一无漏光V形结构反射面和第二无漏光V形结构反射面相对于O平面呈镜像对称，第一无漏光V形结构反射面的第一端与第二无漏光V形结构反射面的第一端无缝相接，第一聚光反射曲面与第二聚光反射曲面相对于O平面呈镜像对称，第一聚光反射曲面的第一端与第一无漏光V形结构反射面的第二端无缝连接，第二聚光反射曲面的第一端与第二无漏光V形结构反射面的第二端无缝连接，第一聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器（3）的上端面无缝连接，第二聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器（3）的下端面无缝连接；The first reflective surface (2-1) of the non-imaging concentrator (2) includes a first light-leakage-free V-shaped reflective surface and a first light-condensing reflective surface, and the second reflective surface (2-2) includes a second light-leakage-free reflective surface The V-shaped structure reflective surface and the second light-gathering reflective curved surface, the first no-light-leakage V-shaped structure reflective surface and the second no-light-leakage V-shaped structure reflective surface are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the O plane, and the first no-light-leakage V-shaped structure reflective surface One end is seamlessly connected with the first end of the second non-leakage V-shaped reflective surface, the first light-gathering curved surface and the second light-gathering curved surface are mirror-symmetrical with respect to the O plane, and the first light-gathering curved surface is mirror-symmetrical to the O plane. One end is seamlessly connected to the second end of the first no-light-leakage V-shaped reflective surface, the first end of the second light-gathering curved surface is seamlessly connected to the second end of the second no-light-leakage V-shaped reflective surface, and the first The second end of the concentrating reflective surface is seamlessly connected to the upper end surface of the controllable light source emitter (3), and the second end of the second concentrating reflective surface is seamlessly connected to the lower end surface of the controllable light source emitter (3); 所述第一无漏光V形结构反射面包括无缝连接的V形结构反射面Ⅰ和V形结构反射面Ⅱ，第二无漏光V形结构反射面包括无缝连接的V形结构反射面Ⅲ和V形结构反射面Ⅳ，The first light-leakage-free V-shaped reflective surface includes seamlessly connected V-shaped reflective surfaces I and V-shaped reflective surfaces II, and the second light-free V-shaped reflective surface includes seamlessly connected V-shaped reflective surfaces III and V-shaped reflective surface IV, V形结构反射面Ⅰ的第一端与V形结构反射面Ⅲ的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅰ的第二端与V形结构反射面Ⅱ的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅱ的第二端与第一聚光反射曲面的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅲ的第二端与V形结构反射面Ⅳ的第一端无缝连接，V形结构反射面Ⅳ的第二端与第二聚光反射曲面的第一端无缝连接；The first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface I is seamlessly connected with the first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface III, the second end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface I is seamlessly connected with the first end of the V-shaped structure reflecting surface II, The second end of the V-shaped reflective surface II is seamlessly connected to the first end of the first concentrating reflective surface, and the second end of the V-shaped reflective surface III is seamlessly connected to the first end of the V-shaped reflective surface IV. The second end of the V-shaped reflective surface IV is seamlessly connected to the first end of the second light-gathering reflective surface; V形结构反射面Ⅰ、V形结构反射面Ⅱ、V形结构反射面Ⅲ和V形结构反射面Ⅳ的结构相同；The structures of the V-shaped structure reflective surface I, the V-shaped structured reflective surface II, the V-shaped structured reflective surface III and the V-shaped structured reflective surface IV are the same; 所述V形结构反射面Ⅰ由第一反射平面和第二反射平面组成；The V-shaped reflective surface I is composed of a first reflective plane and a second reflective plane; 所述检测装置的纵截面上，V形结构反射面Ⅰ的第一端与V形结构反射面Ⅲ的第一端相接线对应的点为D点，第一反射平面和第二反射平面的相交直线对应的点为C点，第一聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器（3）的上端面相交线对应的点为B点，第二聚光反射曲面的第二端与可控光源发射器（3）的下端面相交线对应的点为E点，第一无漏光V形结构反射面对应的线条为DA锯齿线段，第一聚光反射曲面对应的曲线段为AB曲线段，AB曲线段由AM曲线段和MB曲线段组成，其中M点的切线为水平线；On the longitudinal section of the detection device, the point corresponding to the connection between the first end of the V-shaped reflective surface I and the first end of the V-shaped reflective surface III is point D, and the intersection of the first reflective plane and the second reflective plane The point corresponding to the straight line is point C, the point corresponding to the intersection line between the second end of the first concentrating reflective surface and the upper end surface of the controllable light source emitter (3) is point B, and the second end of the second concentrating reflective surface is connected to The point corresponding to the intersecting line of the lower end surface of the controllable light source emitter (3) is point E, the line corresponding to the first non-leakage V-shaped structure reflecting surface is DA zigzag line segment, and the curve segment corresponding to the first concentrating reflecting surface is AB The curve segment, the AB curve segment is composed of the AM curve segment and the MB curve segment, and the tangent line of the M point is a horizontal line; 可控光源发射器（3）的光源中心轴线在纵截面上对应的点为O 2点，以太阳能真空管（1）的中心轴对应的O 1点为坐标系的原点，以O 1点与O 2点所在的O 1 O 2连线为x轴，O 1点上垂直于O 1 O 2连线的直线为y轴建立坐标系，即xo 1 y坐标系；The point corresponding to the central axis of the light source of the controllable light source transmitter (3) on the longitudinal section is O 2 point, and the O 1 point corresponding to the central axis of the solar vacuum tube (1) is the origin of the coordinate system, and the O 1 point and O The O 1 O 2 line where the 2 points are located is the x-axis, and the straight line perpendicular to the O 1 O 2 line on the O 1 point is the y- axis to establish a coordinate system, that is, the xo 1 y coordinate system; 线段O 1C与线段O 1D形成的夹角为夹角ω；The angle formed by line segment O 1 C and line segment O 1 D is angle ω ; 第一反射平面的宽度即线段CD的计算式为The width of the first reflection plane, that is, the calculation formula of the line segment CD is 式中，R o为第一无漏光V形结构反射面的轮廓半径； In the formula, R o is the contour radius of the first light-leakage-free V-shaped structure reflective surface; xo 1 y坐标系中，设P点为AM曲线段任意动点，满足以下方程式：In the xo 1 y coordinate system, point P is any moving point of the AM curve segment, which satisfies the following equation: 式中，θ为AM曲线段上任意动点P的连线o 1 P与x轴负半轴的夹角，β为AM曲线段的起始位置角，f(θ) 为非成像聚光器结构向量控制函数； In the formula, θ is the angle between the line o 1 P connecting any moving point P on the AM curve segment and the negative semi-axis of the x- axis, β is the starting position angle of the AM curve segment, and f ( θ ) is the non-imaging concentrator Structural vector control functions; xo 1 y坐标系中，设Q点为BM曲线段任意动点，满足以下方程式：In the xo 1 y coordinate system, point Q is any moving point of the BM curve segment, which satisfies the following equation: 式中，Θ为BM曲线段任意动点Q的连线EQ与x轴负半轴的夹角，l为光源发射器的长度，L为o 1与o 2的距离，α为非成像聚光器结构控制参数。 In the formula, Θ is the angle between the line EQ of any moving point Q in the BM curve segment and the negative semi-axis of the x -axis, l is the length of the light source emitter, L is the distance between o1 and o2 , and α is the non-imaging spotlight structure control parameters. 2.根据权利要求1所述太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置，其特征在于：监测装置还包括流量计（5）、数据记录仪（6）、数据接收器（7）和计算机（8），第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器均与数据记录仪（6）信号连接，流量计（5）与太阳能真空管（1）的出口端连通，流量计（5）与数据记录仪（6）信号连接，数据记录仪（6）通过数据接收器（7）与计算机（8）无线信号连接。2. The solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the monitoring device also includes a flow meter (5), a data recorder (6), a data receiver (7) and a computer (8), the first Both the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are connected to the signal of the data recorder (6), the flow meter (5) is connected to the outlet port of the solar vacuum tube (1), and the flow meter (5) is connected to the signal of the data recorder (6), The data recorder (6) is wirelessly connected to the computer (8) through the data receiver (7). 3.一种太阳能真空管光热性能监测方法，其特征在于：采用权利要求1~2任一项所述太阳能真空管光热性能监测装置，具体步骤如下：3. A method for monitoring the photothermal performance of a solar vacuum tube, characterized in that: using the solar vacuum tube photothermal performance monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, the specific steps are as follows: S1. 根据不同时间段的实时太阳光线，可控光源发射器发射出不同波段、不同强度和不同入射角度的模拟光线，模拟光线经非成像聚光器的第一反射面和第二反射面全部反射至太阳能真空管的外表面；S1. According to the real-time sunlight in different time periods, the controllable light source transmitter emits simulated light with different wave bands, different intensities and different incident angles. The simulated light passes through the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface of the non-imaging concentrator. reflected to the outer surface of the solar vacuum tube; S2. 模拟光线经太阳能真空管的光线吸收转换涂层转换为热能传递给太阳能真空管内管中的集热工质，集热工质温度升高；S2. The simulated light is converted into heat energy by the light absorption conversion coating of the solar vacuum tube and transferred to the heat-collecting working medium in the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube, and the temperature of the heat-collecting working medium rises; S3. 真空泵加速太阳能真空管内管中的集热工质流动，监测装置的第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器实时监测太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的温度，监测装置实时监测太阳能真空管出口集热工质的流量，根据太阳能真空管进口端和出口端的实时温度和太阳能真空管出口集热工质的实时流量，分析模拟光线下太阳能真空管的光热性能，光热性能包括光热转换效率。S3. The vacuum pump accelerates the flow of heat-collecting working medium in the inner tube of the solar vacuum tube, the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor of the monitoring device monitor the temperature of the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube in real time, and the monitoring device monitors the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube in real time According to the real-time temperature of the inlet and outlet ends of the solar vacuum tube and the real-time flow rate of the heat-collecting working medium at the outlet of the solar vacuum tube, the photothermal performance of the solar vacuum tube under simulated light is analyzed, and the photothermal performance includes the photothermal conversion efficiency.
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