CN201754150U - Microwave remote sensing soil moisture monitoring system - Google Patents

本实用新型公开了一种微波遥感土壤水分监测系统，包括SMOS卫星、地面卫星接收站和数据处理系统、GNSS信号源、GNSS-R接收机、移动平台和平台控制系统。SMOS卫星被动接收地表发射的L波段微波信号、并通过数据处理系统进行处理并传输到数据分析处理系统，GNSS-R接收机接收GNSS直射信号及经地面反射后的包含地物信息的前向散射信号、并传输到数据分析处理系统，数据分析处理系统对土壤水分信息进行精度评价以及反演算法的验证。本实用新型将GNSS-R获得的地面实时同步数据应用在被动微波传感器SMOS土壤水分模型的精度评价和反演算法的验证上，实现了多尺度、主被动结合的微波遥感土壤水分监测。

The utility model discloses a microwave remote sensing soil moisture monitoring system, which comprises an SMOS satellite, a ground satellite receiving station, a data processing system, a GNSS signal source, a GNSS-R receiver, a mobile platform and a platform control system. The SMOS satellite passively receives the L-band microwave signal emitted by the ground, processes it through the data processing system and transmits it to the data analysis and processing system. The signal is transmitted to the data analysis and processing system, and the data analysis and processing system evaluates the accuracy of the soil moisture information and verifies the inversion algorithm. The utility model applies the ground real-time synchronous data obtained by GNSS-R to the accuracy evaluation of the passive microwave sensor SMOS soil moisture model and the verification of the inversion algorithm, and realizes the multi-scale, active and passive microwave remote sensing soil moisture monitoring.

一种微波遥感土壤水分监测系统 A Microwave Remote Sensing Soil Moisture Monitoring System

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及一种土壤水分监测系统，特别是一种微波遥感土壤水分监测系统。The utility model relates to a soil moisture monitoring system, in particular to a microwave remote sensing soil moisture monitoring system.

背景技术Background technique

水文学、气象学以及农业科学研究领域中的一个重要参数指标就是土壤水分，土壤水分在当今农业发展中也起到了非常重要的作用。大范围的土壤水分监测与反演是农业研究和生态环境评价的重要组成部分。区域或全球范围的土壤水环境反演是陆面过程模式研究中必不可少的参数之一。因而，土壤水分遥感监测和反演是当今科学研究的重要课题。An important parameter in the fields of hydrology, meteorology, and agricultural science research is soil moisture, which also plays a very important role in today's agricultural development. Large-scale soil moisture monitoring and inversion is an important part of agricultural research and ecological environment assessment. The inversion of soil water environment on a regional or global scale is one of the essential parameters in the study of land surface process models. Therefore, remote sensing monitoring and inversion of soil moisture is an important topic of scientific research today.

微波遥感可以分为主动微波遥感和被动微波遥感两种。被动微波遥感监测土壤水分，主要依赖于用微波辐射计对土壤本身的微波发射或亮度温度进行测量。研究表明：微波辐射测量土壤湿度的有效采样深度约为2至5厘米，且选较长波长更为有利，波长为21cm的L波段最佳。欧空局的土壤水分和海洋盐度计划SMOS(Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity)的主要目的是监测土壤水分和海洋盐度。SMOS卫星的有效负载是基于孔径综合技术的微波成像仪MIRAS(Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis)，一个L-波段、二维、双极化的被动微波干涉辐射计，该传感器可以提供0到55°多角度全球范围的观测，因而为全球范围的土壤水分反演提供了有效手段。SMOS的像元分辨率在30～50km，结合同化模型，这一星载数据将空前提高土壤水分的空间分辨率，SMOS对土壤水分的监测精度是0.4m³/m³，在进行大尺度的土壤水分反演算法后，需要小尺度实时同步数据进行模型精度的评价以及反演算法的验证。Microwave remote sensing can be divided into active microwave remote sensing and passive microwave remote sensing. Passive microwave remote sensing to monitor soil moisture mainly relies on measuring the microwave emission or brightness temperature of the soil itself with a microwave radiometer. Studies have shown that the effective sampling depth of microwave radiation to measure soil moisture is about 2 to 5 cm, and it is more advantageous to choose a longer wavelength, and the L-band with a wavelength of 21 cm is the best. The main purpose of ESA's soil moisture and ocean salinity program SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) is to monitor soil moisture and ocean salinity. The payload of the SMOS satellite is the microwave imager MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis) based on aperture synthesis technology, an L-band, two-dimensional, dual-polarized passive microwave interferometer, the sensor can provide 0 to 55° Multi-angle global observations provide an effective means for global soil moisture retrieval. The pixel resolution of SMOS is 30-50km. Combined with the assimilation model, this spaceborne data will increase the spatial resolution of soil moisture unprecedentedly. The monitoring accuracy of SMOS for soil moisture is 0.4m ³ /m ³ . After the soil moisture inversion algorithm, small-scale real-time synchronous data are needed to evaluate the model accuracy and verify the inversion algorithm.

而现有的小尺度实时同步验证方法的主要的手段是将相应的微波传感器安装在地基或无人机等机载遥感平台上，由于传感器造价昂贵，造成人力和财力的浪费。However, the main method of the existing small-scale real-time synchronization verification method is to install the corresponding microwave sensors on the ground or on the airborne remote sensing platform such as unmanned aerial vehicles. Due to the high cost of the sensors, human and financial resources are wasted.

因此，针对SMOS卫星的土壤水分监测技术，还需要一种便捷、高效、成本低的地面同步验证手段。Therefore, for the soil moisture monitoring technology of SMOS satellite, a convenient, efficient and low-cost ground synchronization verification method is also needed.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为解决现有技术上存在的问题，本实用新型要提出一种低成本、多尺度、主被动结合的微波遥感土壤水分监测系统。In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model proposes a low-cost, multi-scale, active and passive combined microwave remote sensing soil moisture monitoring system.

为实现上述目的，本实用新型的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:

一种微波遥感土壤水分监测系统，包括SMOS卫星、地面卫星接收站和数据处理系统，所述的SMOS卫星通过L波段微波信号与地面卫星接收站连接，所述的数据处理系统通过信号电缆与地面卫星接收站连接，所述的系统还包括GNSS信号源、GNSS-R接收机、移动平台和平台控制系统，所述的GNSS信号源通过L波段微波信号与GNSS-R接收机连接，所述的GNSS-R接收机安装在移动平台上、通过不受其他信号干扰的陆面固有传输波段与数据分析处理系统连接，所述的数据分析处理系统是安装有微波遥感土壤水分分析系统软件的计算机，所述的平台控制系统是安装有移动平台运动控制程序的工控机、通过不受其他信号干扰的陆面固有传输波段与移动平台连接，所述的数据分析处理系统通过数据线与数据处理系统连接。A microwave remote sensing soil moisture monitoring system, including SMOS satellite, ground satellite receiving station and data processing system, described SMOS satellite is connected with ground satellite receiving station through L-band microwave signal, and described data processing system is connected with ground through signal cable The satellite receiving station is connected, and the described system also includes a GNSS signal source, a GNSS-R receiver, a mobile platform and a platform control system, and the described GNSS signal source is connected with the GNSS-R receiver through an L-band microwave signal, and the described The GNSS-R receiver is installed on the mobile platform, and is connected to the data analysis and processing system through the inherent transmission band of the land surface that is not interfered by other signals. The data analysis and processing system is a computer equipped with microwave remote sensing soil moisture analysis system software, The platform control system is an industrial computer equipped with a mobile platform motion control program, connected to the mobile platform through the inherent transmission band of the land surface that is not interfered by other signals, and the data analysis and processing system is connected to the data processing system through a data line .

本实用新型所述的移动平台为地面遥感平台、机载遥感平台或低轨卫星。The mobile platform described in the utility model is a ground remote sensing platform, an airborne remote sensing platform or a low-orbit satellite.

与现有技术相比，本实用新型具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

1、由于本实用新型应用了全球导航卫星的反射信号GNSS-R(GlobalNavigation Satellite System-Reflection)技术，该项技术对于50m半径的小尺度上，可以获取地表0～5cm厚的土壤水分信息，基本与SMOS技术获取的数据相同，而且也工作在适宜土壤水分监测和反演的L波段；GNSS-R的工作模式属于收发分置的双基地模型，信号源由GNSS导航卫星群提供无偿稳定的来源，因此GNSS-R接收机体积小、重量轻。因此利用GNSS-R微波遥感技术对SMOS技术获取的数据进行地面校验是一种成本低廉、使用便利的有效手段，可以方便地将GNSS-R获得的地面实时同步数据应用在被动微波传感器SMOS土壤水分模型的精度评价和反演算法的验证上。1. Since the utility model has applied the GNSS-R (Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflection) technology of the reflection signal of the global navigation satellite, this technology can obtain the soil moisture information of 0-5 cm thick on the surface for a small scale of 50 m radius, basically The data obtained by SMOS technology is the same, and it also works in the L-band suitable for soil moisture monitoring and inversion; the working mode of GNSS-R belongs to the bistatic model with separate transceivers, and the signal source is provided by the GNSS navigation satellite group for free and stable sources , so the GNSS-R receiver is small in size and light in weight. Therefore, using GNSS-R microwave remote sensing technology to perform ground calibration on the data obtained by SMOS technology is an effective means with low cost and convenient use. On the accuracy evaluation of the moisture model and the verification of the inversion algorithm.

2、由于星载SMOS技术可以获取大尺度上的土壤水分信息，而GNSS-R技术可以获取较小尺度上的信息，二者相互结合，在进行大尺度的土壤水分反演算法后，需要小尺度实时同步数据进行模型精度的评价以及反演算法的验证，利用GNSS-R数据对SMOS数据进行土壤水分反演算法的验证，并修正反演算法，从而可以提高反演算精度，进而大大提高和改善水文和气象模型的预报精度，并为农业生产和灾害监测提供准确数据。2. Since space-borne SMOS technology can obtain soil moisture information on a large scale, while GNSS-R technology can obtain information on a smaller scale, the combination of the two requires a small Scale real-time synchronous data for model accuracy evaluation and inversion algorithm verification, use GNSS-R data to verify soil moisture inversion algorithm for SMOS data, and modify the inversion algorithm, so as to improve the accuracy of inversion calculation, thereby greatly improving and Improve the forecast accuracy of hydrological and meteorological models and provide accurate data for agricultural production and disaster monitoring.

3、由于本实用新型利用SMOS技术获取的数据与GNSS-R技术的观测数据结合，可以同时获取可信、多尺度的土壤水分数据，通过数据处理分析，实现了主被动结合的微波遥感土壤水分监测，对建立更加准确的陆面、大气模式而言具有积极而重要的作用。3. Due to the combination of the data acquired by the SMOS technology and the observation data of the GNSS-R technology in this utility model, credible and multi-scale soil moisture data can be obtained at the same time. Through data processing and analysis, microwave remote sensing soil moisture combining active and passive methods is realized. Monitoring plays a positive and important role in establishing more accurate land surface and atmospheric models.

附图说明Description of drawings

本实用新型共有附图2张，其中：The utility model has 2 accompanying drawings, wherein:

图1是GNSS-R遥感原理图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of GNSS-R remote sensing.

图2是微波遥感土壤水分监测系统组成示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the microwave remote sensing soil moisture monitoring system.

图中：1、GNSS信号源，2、GNSS-R接收机，3、移动平台，4、平台控制系统，5、数据分析处理系统，6、土壤，7、SMOS卫星，8、地面卫星接收站，9、数据处理系统。In the figure: 1. GNSS signal source, 2. GNSS-R receiver, 3. Mobile platform, 4. Platform control system, 5. Data analysis and processing system, 6. Soil, 7. SMOS satellite, 8. Ground satellite receiving station , 9. Data processing system.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本实用新型进行进一步地描述。如图1-2所示，一种微波遥感土壤水分监测系统，包括SMOS卫星7、地面卫星接收站8和数据处理系统9，所述的SMOS卫星7通过L波段微波信号与地面卫星接收站8连接，所述的数据处理系统9通过信号电缆与地面卫星接收站8连接，所述的系统还包括GNSS信号源1、GNSS-R接收机2、移动平台3和平台控制系统4，所述的GNSS信号源1通过L波段微波信号与GNSS-R接收机2连接，所述的GNSS-R接收机2安装在移动平台3上、通过不受其他信号干扰的陆面固有传输波段与数据分析处理系统5连接，所述的数据分析处理系统5是安装有微波遥感土壤6水分分析系统软件的计算机，所述的平台控制系统4是安装有移动平台3运动控制程序的工控机、通过不受其他信号干扰的陆面固有传输波段与移动平台3连接，所述的数据分析处理系统5通过数据线与数据处理系统9连接。所述的移动平台3为地面遥感平台、机载遥感平台或低轨卫星。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described. As shown in Fig. 1-2, a kind of microwave remote sensing soil moisture monitoring system includes SMOS satellite 7, ground satellite receiving station 8 and data processing system 9, and described SMOS satellite 7 communicates with ground satellite receiving station 8 through L-band microwave signal Connected, the data processing system 9 is connected with the ground satellite receiving station 8 through a signal cable, and the system also includes a GNSS signal source 1, a GNSS-R receiver 2, a mobile platform 3 and a platform control system 4, the described The GNSS signal source 1 is connected with the GNSS-R receiver 2 through the L-band microwave signal, and the GNSS-R receiver 2 is installed on the mobile platform 3, and the data analysis and processing are carried out through the inherent transmission band of the land surface which is not interfered by other signals System 5 is connected, and described data analysis and processing system 5 is the computer that microwave remote sensing soil 6 moisture analysis system software is installed, and described platform control system 4 is the industrial computer that mobile platform 3 motion control programs are installed, by being not subject to other The inherent transmission band of the land surface for signal interference is connected to the mobile platform 3, and the data analysis and processing system 5 is connected to the data processing system 9 through a data line. The mobile platform 3 is a ground remote sensing platform, an airborne remote sensing platform or a low-orbit satellite.

本实用新型的监测方法，包括以下步骤：The monitoring method of the present utility model comprises the following steps:

A、SMOS卫星7被动接收地表发射的L波段微波信号、并将信号数据传给地面卫星接收站8，并通过数据处理系统9进行处理并同步传输到数据分析处理系统5；A, SMOS satellite 7 passively receives the L-band microwave signal emitted by the surface, and transmits the signal data to the ground satellite receiving station 8, and processes it through the data processing system 9 and synchronously transmits it to the data analysis and processing system 5;

B、GNSS信号源1提供L波段微波信号，GNSS-R接收机2接收GNSS直射信号及经地面反射后的包含地物信息的前向散射信号，并传输到数据分析处理系统5；B. The GNSS signal source 1 provides L-band microwave signals, and the GNSS-R receiver 2 receives the GNSS direct signal and the forward scatter signal including ground feature information reflected by the ground, and transmits it to the data analysis and processing system 5;

C、数据分析处理系统5将从GNSS-R接收机2获取的小尺度目标区域的土壤6水分信息和从数据处理系统9获取的大尺度的土壤6水分信息进行实时同步处理，对土壤6水分信息进行精度评价以及反演算法的验证。C, the data analysis and processing system 5 carries out real-time synchronous processing with the soil 6 moisture information of the small-scale target area obtained from the GNSS-R receiver 2 and the large-scale soil 6 moisture information obtained from the data processing system 9, and performs real-time synchronous processing on the soil 6 moisture The information is used for accuracy evaluation and verification of the inversion algorithm.