CN201876221U - Tree measuring device - Google Patents

The utility model provides a tree measuring device which comprises a computer system, a display module, an SD (Secure Digital) card, an electronic measuring ruler, a GPS (Global Positioning System) positioning module and a tree height measuring module. A first output interface of the computer system is connected to an input interface of the display module; a second output interface of the computer system is connected to an input interface of the SD card; an output interface of the SD card is connected to a first input interface of the computer system; an output interface of the electronic measuring ruler is connected to a second input interface of the computer system; an output interface of the GPS positioning module is connected to a third input interface of the computer system; and an output interface of the tree height measuring module is connected to a fourth input interface of the computer system. For the tree measuring device, measurements of tree diameter and tree height, forest positioning and area calculation are synthesized.

树木测量装置tree measuring device

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及的是一种树木测量仪器，特别是综合了测量树木胸径、树木高度、森林定位及面积计算的装置。The utility model relates to a tree measuring instrument, in particular to a device for measuring tree diameter at breast height, tree height, forest positioning and area calculation.

背景技术Background technique

长期以来，我国林业资源管理的机械化程度较低，自动化水平不高，在进行森林资源调查管理时通常还是采用轮尺和围尺进行样地调查，并靠人工进行测量和记录，再将数据输入到计算机。这种传统的调查工具与调查方法是非常落后的，搞一次普查不仅会耗费大量人力和财力，而且工作效率低，数据的统计、分析处理常需1-2年，乃至更长的时问，这种滞后的林木生长动态分析，往往赶不上森林本身的发展与变化。同时这种人工的调查方式不仅会在调查过程中对林地造成破坏，而且对工作人员来说也会有潜在的危险，如对于较高部位的树干信息，需要工作人员爬上树才能获取时，这不但会消耗工作者很大的体力和时间，还存在着极大的危险性。For a long time, the degree of mechanization and automation of forestry resource management in my country is low. When conducting forest resource survey and management, calipers and girths are usually used to conduct sample surveys, and manual measurement and recording are carried out, and then the data is input. to the computer. This traditional survey tool and survey method is very outdated. Conducting a census will not only consume a lot of manpower and financial resources, but also have low work efficiency. The statistics, analysis and processing of data often take 1-2 years, or even longer. This lagging dynamic analysis of tree growth often fails to catch up with the development and changes of the forest itself. At the same time, this manual survey method will not only cause damage to the forest land during the survey process, but also pose potential dangers to the staff. This will not only consume a lot of physical strength and time of workers, but also has great danger.

目前树木测量仪器大多功能单一，分为树木测径仪、树木测高仪及GPS定位仪。国外技术较为领先，采用便携式的光学仪器对树木高度和胸径，但价格昂贵，极大的制约了林业自动化发展。国内技术落后，大多以结构和功能简单，笨重不利于便携的直尺、弯轮尺进行测量，造成生产力落后，工作效率低下的状况。At present, most of the tree measuring instruments have a single function, and are divided into tree diameter measuring instruments, tree altimeters and GPS locators. Foreign technologies are relatively advanced, and portable optical instruments are used to measure tree height and diameter at breast height, but the price is expensive, which greatly restricts the development of forestry automation. The domestic technology is backward, and most of them are simple in structure and function, and the bulkiness is not conducive to the measurement of portable rulers and curved calipers, resulting in backward productivity and low work efficiency.

为了减轻野外工作强度，提高工作效率，我们急需进一步对树木信息的采集方法加以改进和完善，从而使得精确林业的发展成为林业生产技术发展的必然。第一届国际精确林业研讨会的执行主席B.Bruce Bare提出，精确林业就是实现以最小资源投入、最小环境危害获得最大林业收益(郑加强2004)。随着计算机技术的发展及科技水平的不断提高，各种电子技术在精确林业的森林资源调查管理上得到了普遍的重视与应用。由于树木的胸径、高度、冠幅、材积等是进行森林资源调查的重要基础信息，因此本项目的目的就是要建立一套自动的立木测量系统，以电子测量技术为基础，辅以GPS技术、MEMS惯性器件技术，研究具有多功能的便携式树木自动测量系统；并结合立木测量的具体实际，对系统进行分析与改进，使研究具有一定的理论水平与实用价值。树木测量仪的研制为森林资源调查管理的信息化、自动化、精确化奠定了基础；同时在提高传统的森林调查方法与技术，降低野外调查劳动强度等方面具有重要意义。In order to reduce the intensity of field work and improve work efficiency, we urgently need to further improve and perfect the collection method of tree information, so that the development of precision forestry becomes the inevitable development of forestry production technology. B. Bruce Bare, executive chairman of the first International Symposium on Precision Forestry, proposed that precision forestry is to achieve maximum forestry benefits with minimum resource input and minimum environmental damage (Zheng Qiangqiang 2004). With the development of computer technology and the continuous improvement of scientific and technological level, various electronic technologies have been widely valued and applied in the investigation and management of forest resources in precision forestry. Since the DBH, height, crown width, and volume of trees are important basic information for forest resource investigation, the purpose of this project is to establish an automatic standing tree measurement system based on electronic measurement technology, supplemented by GPS technology, MEMS inertial device technology, research on a multifunctional portable tree automatic measurement system; combined with the specific reality of standing tree measurement, analyze and improve the system, so that the research has a certain theoretical level and practical value. The development of the tree measuring instrument has laid a foundation for the informatization, automation and precision of forest resource survey management; at the same time, it is of great significance in improving traditional forest survey methods and techniques and reducing the labor intensity of field surveys.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本实用新型的目的在于提供一种功能齐全、测量准确、便于携带的树木测量装置。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a tree measuring device with complete functions, accurate measurement and portability.

本实用新型的目是这样实现的：The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that:

本实用新型的树木测量装置包括计算机系统、显示模块、SD卡、电子测量尺、GPS定位模块、树高测量模块，计算机系统的第一输出接口接至显示模块的输入接口，计算机系统的第二输出接口接至SD卡的输入接口，SD卡的输出接口接至计算机系统的第一输入接口，电子测量尺的输出接口接至计算机系统的第二输入接口，GPS定位模块的输出接口接至计算机系统的第三输入接口，树高测量模块的输出接口接至计算机系统的第四输入接口。The tree measuring device of the present utility model comprises computer system, display module, SD card, electronic measuring ruler, GPS positioning module, tree height measuring module, the first output interface of computer system is connected to the input interface of display module, the second of computer system The output interface is connected to the input interface of the SD card, the output interface of the SD card is connected to the first input interface of the computer system, the output interface of the electronic measuring ruler is connected to the second input interface of the computer system, and the output interface of the GPS positioning module is connected to the computer The third input interface of the system and the output interface of the tree height measurement module are connected to the fourth input interface of the computer system.

计算机系统根据各个模块测量到的信息进行综合，进行数据处理和管理，并将其实时显示到显示模块和存储到SD卡上；电子测量尺利用电子码盘原理测量树木的胸径，并实时输入到计算机系统中；GPS定位模块通过天线对当前位置进行定位，测量当前林木的位置，并通过多点测量，估算出这片林木的位置；树高测量模块利用MEMS三轴加速度信息间接测量单株林木的高度。The computer system synthesizes the information measured by each module, performs data processing and management, and displays it to the display module and stores it on the SD card in real time; In the computer system; the GPS positioning module locates the current position through the antenna, measures the position of the current forest, and estimates the position of the forest through multi-point measurement; the tree height measurement module uses MEMS three-axis acceleration information to indirectly measure a single tree the height of.

基于本实用新型的树木测径仪的功能有：The function based on the tree caliper of the utility model has:

1、标准地胸径、树高测量，现地自动计算平均胸径、平均高、公顷株数、公顷蓄积等伐前数据，依据规程及采伐方式推算采伐小班砍伐木株数、砍伐木胸径，并在全林砍伐木、保留木每木过程中对采伐总量进行时时监控。1. Measurement of diameter at breast height and tree height at the standard site, automatic calculation of average diameter at breast height, average height, number of trees per hectare, stock per hectare, etc. The total amount of felled wood is constantly monitored during the process of felling and retaining wood.

2、实伐标准木测量，并在全林砍伐木、保留木每木过程中对采伐蓄积量、出材量实现双向时时监控。2. Measure the actual felling standard wood, and realize two-way real-time monitoring of the harvesting volume and output volume during the process of felling trees in the whole forest and retaining each tree.

3、各项因子录入、保存，主要有优势树种组、优势树种、林龄、郁闭度、疏密度、下木情况、地被物情况、土壤等因子。3. Various factors are entered and saved, mainly including dominant tree species group, dominant tree species, forest age, canopy density, density, underwood condition, ground cover condition, soil and other factors.

4、采伐设计三类调查流程控制，提供微机数据连接功能，按国家、省有关要求由软件自动生成采伐设计内业、外业表格，并提供采伐相关数据查询和省、市、县采伐设计审批、打印采伐许可证等功能。4. Three types of investigation process control for harvesting design, provide computer data connection function, automatically generate internal and external forms of harvesting design by software according to relevant national and provincial requirements, and provide logging related data query and provincial, city and county harvesting design approval , print logging license and other functions.

5、内置GPS，提供定位、小班面积测量、伐区设计图生成及编辑等功能。5. With built-in GPS, it provides functions such as positioning, small-scale area measurement, generation and editing of cutting area design drawings, etc.

6、便携、稳定，数据显示，操作简便，扩展存储。易损配件整体更换。6. Portable, stable, data display, easy operation, extended storage. The vulnerable parts are replaced as a whole.

7、零点自校准功能7. Zero self-calibration function

由于采用软尺，经过长时间使用，尺的磨损及树油粘结会对尺的测量精度产生和基准产生影响，需要进行校准。Due to the use of a soft ruler, after a long period of use, the wear and tear of the ruler and the sticking of tree oil will affect the measurement accuracy of the ruler and the benchmark, and calibration is required.

本实用新型提供了一个多功能测量技术与数据智能管理技术进行有机的结合仪器，该仪器既可以克服数目测量仪器的功能单一、测量不准确、不易便携等缺点，同时也可以解决森林树木智能化和科学化管理落后的问题。本实用新型还提供了一种基于多数据智能化管理的方法。The utility model provides an instrument that organically combines multifunctional measurement technology and data intelligent management technology. And the problem of backward scientific management. The utility model also provides a method for intelligent management based on multiple data.

现将各部分功能说明如下：The functions of each part are described as follows:

1胸径测量1 DBH measurement

本项目采用软尺+传动齿轮+光电码盘方案，通过无刻度软尺绕树干一周，进而带动软尺的缠绕轴转动，通过具有减速比的传动齿轮带动输出轴的转动，由光电码盘测量软尺的输出长度，从而测量出树干的周长，进而得到树干的胸径。This project adopts the scheme of soft ruler + transmission gear + photoelectric code disc. The non-scale soft ruler wraps around the tree trunk for a week, and then drives the winding shaft of the soft ruler to rotate. The transmission gear with a reduction ratio drives the rotation of the output shaft, which is measured by the photoelectric code disc. The output length of the tape ruler, thereby measuring the circumference of the trunk, and then obtaining the diameter at breast height of the trunk.

该方案采用的器件价格低廉，操作简单，通过具有减速比的传动齿轮和多位置光电码盘可极大提高测量精度，软尺部分与仪器本体仅有机械接口，可换性强，体积小，携带方便。The device used in this scheme is cheap and easy to operate. The measurement accuracy can be greatly improved through the transmission gear with reduction ratio and multi-position photoelectric code disc. The soft ruler part and the instrument body only have a mechanical interface, which is highly replaceable and small in size. Easy to carry.

2树高测量2 tree height measurement

近些年来MEMS惯性器件以其体积小，价格低廉，功能强大，短时漂移小等优点，逐渐在人民的生产生活中得到广泛的应用。In recent years, MEMS inertial devices have gradually been widely used in people's production and life due to their small size, low price, powerful functions, and small short-term drift.

三轴MEMS加速度计能够静态测量空间物体在空间惯性坐标下的重力矢量，进而能够确定出物体在空间惯性坐标系下姿态。The three-axis MEMS accelerometer can statically measure the gravity vector of a space object in the space inertial coordinate system, and then can determine the attitude of the object in the space inertial coordinate system.

结合图4，利用三轴MEMS加速度计测量树径高度的原理如下：Combined with Figure 4, the principle of using a three-axis MEMS accelerometer to measure the height of the tree diameter is as follows:

首先利用软尺测量树干到仪器测量点的距离也就是图中L的距离，通过调整携带MEMS三轴加速度计的仪器指针分别对准图中21和22的两线，计算出角φ，则树木高度可表示为：First, use a soft ruler to measure the distance from the tree trunk to the measuring point of the instrument, which is the distance L in the figure. By adjusting the pointer of the instrument carrying the MEMS three-axis accelerometer to align with the two lines 21 and 22 in the figure, the angle φ is calculated, and the tree Height can be expressed as:

H＝L*tagφH＝L*tagφ

通过测量的过程可以看到，测量方便，操作简单，且器件价格便宜，无须昂贵的光学器件，且为增加系统体积，携带方便。Through the measurement process, it can be seen that the measurement is convenient, the operation is simple, and the device is cheap, without expensive optical devices, and it is easy to carry in order to increase the system volume.

3森林定位及面积测量3 Forest positioning and area measurement

传统的林地面积的量测是建立在模拟地图或数字地图的基础之上，如：方格网法、条带网法、图形称重法、机械求积仪法、电子求积仪法、解析法等。这些方法环节多，耗费大量人力物力，测定结果精度也较低。因此，利用测量仪的GPS动态定位技术进行实时测量，确定边界点的坐标，并利用相关软件对测量数据进行处理，从而获得某一区域林地面积。这种方法所测边界点坐标为直接测量，面积计算采用多边形法，林地量测面积精度较高。在GPS接收机定位精度已经相当高的今天，工作人员只须应用安装GPS接收机的测量仪即可快速高效完成任务。The traditional measurement of forest land area is based on analog map or digital map, such as: grid method, strip network method, graphic weighing method, mechanical planimeter method, electronic planimeter method, analytical law etc. These methods have many links, consume a lot of manpower and material resources, and the accuracy of the measurement results is also low. Therefore, the GPS dynamic positioning technology of the measuring instrument is used for real-time measurement to determine the coordinates of the boundary points, and the relevant software is used to process the measurement data to obtain the forest area of a certain area. The coordinates of the boundary points measured by this method are directly measured, and the area calculation adopts the polygon method, and the accuracy of the forest land measurement area is high. Today, when the positioning accuracy of the GPS receiver is already quite high, the staff only need to use the measuring instrument installed with the GPS receiver to complete the task quickly and efficiently.

使用GPS接收机对准备采伐的伐区进行踏勘，初步确定小班及伐区的位置、面积、运材线路等。在采伐设计中，可使用GPS定位技术求面积、割分采伐小班，并将GPS采集的数据作为地理信息系统(GIS)的基础数据。使用GPS可快速、准确地定位所采伐的小班位置是否正确、面积是否准确、是否超边越界等。针对各种征占、毁坏林地的行为，可用GPS快速准确定位，并及时将数据提供给林业管理数据库，绘制出被征占、毁坏林地的准确位置、面积及图形，以便加强管理。Use the GPS receiver to survey the cutting area to be felled, and preliminarily determine the location, area, and material transportation route of the small squad and the cutting area. In harvesting design, GPS positioning technology can be used to calculate the area, divide the harvesting squads, and use the data collected by GPS as the basic data of the geographic information system (GIS). Using GPS can quickly and accurately locate whether the location of the harvested small group is correct, whether the area is accurate, whether it is beyond the border, etc. For various acts of requisitioning and destroying forest land, GPS can be used to quickly and accurately locate, and provide the data to the forestry management database in time to draw the exact location, area and graphics of the requisitioned and destroyed forest land, so as to strengthen management.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本实用新型的树木测量仪的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the tree measuring instrument of the present invention.

图2是电子测量尺的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic measuring ruler.

图3是树高测量模块的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a tree height measurement module.

图4是利用三轴MEMS加速度计测量树径高度的原理图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of measuring tree diameter height with a three-axis MEMS accelerometer.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

本实用新型的实体主要由计算机系统A、显示模块B、SD卡C、电子测量尺D、GPS定位模块E、树高测量模块F组成。计算机系统A的输出接口5接至显示模块B的输入接口1，计算机系统A的输出接口6接至SD卡C的输入接口2，SD卡C的输出接口3接至计算机系统A的输入接口7，电子测量尺D的输出接口12接至计算机系统A的输入接口10，GPS定位模块E的输出接口11接至计算机系统A的输入接口9，树高测量模块F的输出接口8接至计算机系统A的输入接口4。The entity of the utility model is mainly composed of a computer system A, a display module B, an SD card C, an electronic measuring ruler D, a GPS positioning module E, and a tree height measurement module F. The output interface 5 of the computer system A is connected to the input interface 1 of the display module B, the output interface 6 of the computer system A is connected to the input interface 2 of the SD card C, and the output interface 3 of the SD card C is connected to the input interface 7 of the computer system A , the output interface 12 of the electronic measuring ruler D is connected to the input interface 10 of the computer system A, the output interface 11 of the GPS positioning module E is connected to the input interface 9 of the computer system A, and the output interface 8 of the tree height measurement module F is connected to the computer system A's input interface 4.

计算机系统A根据各个模块测量到的信息进行综合，进行数据处理和管理，并将其实时显示到显示模块B和存储到SD卡C上。The computer system A synthesizes the information measured by each module, performs data processing and management, and displays it in real time on the display module B and stores it on the SD card C.

电子测量尺D利用电子码盘原理测量树木的胸径，并实时输入到计算机系统A中。图2给出了一种电子测量尺模块的结构。The electronic measuring ruler D uses the principle of the electronic code disc to measure the diameter at breast height of the tree, and inputs it into the computer system A in real time. Figure 2 shows the structure of an electronic measuring ruler module.

GPS定位模块E通过天线对当前位置进行定位，测量当前林木的位置，并通过多点测量，能够估算出这篇林木的位置。The GPS positioning module E locates the current position through the antenna, measures the position of the current tree, and can estimate the position of the tree through multi-point measurement.

树高测量模块F利用MEMS三轴加速度信息间接测量单株林木的高度。图3给出了一种树高测量模块的结构。The tree height measurement module F uses the MEMS triaxial acceleration information to indirectly measure the height of a single tree. Figure 3 shows the structure of a tree height measurement module.