CN202772885U - Novel automatic communication system - Google Patents

一种新型自动化通信系统，包括耦合装置，耦合装置一端连接电力线，另一端分别连接信号发送模块和信号接收模块，信号发送模块和信号接收模块分别连接信号调制模块，信号调制模块连接MCU最小系统模块，MCU最小系统模块连接串行通信模块，串行通信模块分别连接PC机和数据终端采集装置MTU。该系统经过实验测试各项指标均达到了设计要求，具有传输速率高、抗干扰能力强、安全性好等优点，在各种表记读数的自动抄收、用户需求侧管理(DSM)、负荷的自动监测与自动切换、远端用户的电源供电质量、电压稳定、干扰和谐波等的监测系统中，具有广泛的实际应用价值。

A new type of automatic communication system, including a coupling device, one end of the coupling device is connected to the power line, and the other end is respectively connected to a signal sending module and a signal receiving module, the signal sending module and the signal receiving module are respectively connected to a signal modulation module, and the signal modulation module is connected to the MCU minimum system module , the minimum system module of the MCU is connected to the serial communication module, and the serial communication module is respectively connected to the PC and the data terminal acquisition device MTU. After experimental testing, all the indicators of the system have met the design requirements. It has the advantages of high transmission rate, strong anti-interference ability, and good security. It has extensive practical application value in the monitoring system of automatic monitoring and automatic switching, power supply quality of remote users, voltage stability, interference and harmonics, etc.

新型自动化通信系统New automated communication system

技术领域 technical field

本实用新型涉及一种通信系统，尤其是一种新型自动化通信系统。 The utility model relates to a communication system, in particular to a novel automatic communication system.

背景技术 Background technique

电力线载波通信，简称PLC（Power Line Communication，PLC），是以电力网作为信道进行载波通信的一种有线通信方式，可以将自动化设施中的有效数据通过调制解调器调制后耦合到电力线上，然后经过电力线传输到对端调制解调器，再由对端调制解调器将信号解调后传输给对端自动化设施，是利用高压输电线路作为高频信号传输通道的一种通信方式实现电力线和通信线的复用，是电力系统特有的一种通信形式。由于电力线载波可用于电力线传输，遍布城市、乡村，用于通信不要花钱铺设电话线、电缆线、光缆等传输线路，具有投资少，成本低、传输速率高等特点，从20世纪90年代中期以来，以中压配电网作为信号载体实现通信的方式在国外已经有相对成熟和较为广泛的应用,有着不少中压电力线载波通信的成功案例。由于国内外配电线路网架结构的差异，导致国外一些成熟产品无法在国内直接应用。本人根据国内配电线路网架结构的特点，参考国外中压载波的研究成果和应用，开发出一个适合于中压配电网(10kV)的新型自动化通信系统，该系统包括ARM7微处理器电路、电力线调制/解调电路、与PC机的接口电路、滤波放大电路等的硬件设计，同时对相关的应用软件进行了设计。 Power line carrier communication, referred to as PLC (Power Line Communication, PLC), is a wired communication method that uses the power network as a channel for carrier communication. It can couple the effective data in the automation facility to the power line after modulation by a modem, and then transmit it through the power line To the peer modem, and then the peer modem demodulates the signal and transmits it to the peer automation facility. It is a communication method that uses high-voltage transmission lines as high-frequency signal transmission channels to realize the multiplexing of power lines and communication lines. It is a power system. A unique form of communication. Because power line carrier can be used for power line transmission, it spreads all over cities and villages. It does not need to spend money to lay transmission lines such as telephone lines, cables, and optical cables for communication. It has the characteristics of less investment, low cost, and high transmission rate. Since the mid-1990s , the medium voltage distribution network as a signal carrier to achieve communication has been relatively mature and widely used in foreign countries, and there are many successful cases of medium voltage power line carrier communication. Due to the differences in the structure of distribution line grids at home and abroad, some mature foreign products cannot be directly applied in China. Based on the characteristics of the domestic distribution line grid structure and referring to the research results and applications of foreign medium-voltage carriers, I have developed a new type of automatic communication system suitable for medium-voltage distribution networks (10kV), which includes ARM7 microprocessor circuits , the power line modulation/demodulation circuit, the interface circuit with the PC, the hardware design of the filter amplifier circuit, etc., and the related application software is designed at the same time.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本实用新型要解决上述现有技术的缺点，提供一种新型自动化通信系统，具有传输速率高、抗干扰能力强、安全性好等优点。 The utility model aims to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a new type of automatic communication system, which has the advantages of high transmission rate, strong anti-interference ability, and good safety.

本实用新型解决其技术问题采用的技术方案：这种新型自动化通信系统，包括耦合装置，耦合装置一端连接电力线，另一端分别连接信号发送模块和信号接收模块，信号发送模块和信号接收模块分别连接信号调制模块，信号调制模块连接MCU最小系统模块，MCU最小系统模块连接串行通信模块，串行通信模块分别连接PC机和数据终端采集装置MTU。 The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve its technical problems: this new type of automatic communication system includes a coupling device, one end of the coupling device is connected to the power line, and the other end is respectively connected to the signal sending module and the signal receiving module, and the signal sending module and the signal receiving module are respectively connected A signal modulation module, the signal modulation module is connected to the minimum system module of the MCU, the minimum system module of the MCU is connected to the serial communication module, and the serial communication module is respectively connected to the PC and the data terminal acquisition device MTU.

耦合装置达到使电力线兼用于载波通信目的，采用相地耦合方式：这种方式是将载波设备接在一根相导线和地之间，在每个耦合点只需装一个耦合电容器和一个阻波器，使用设备较少，但其衰减比相相耦合大。在耦合相发生接地故障时，衰减还会增加很多。需要指出，虽然耦合是按一相对地连接的，实际的信号传输却包括其他两相在内，以复杂的方式进行着。由于相地耦合比较经济，在线路故障时不要求载波通道具有很高的可靠性，故本设计采用这种方式。 The coupling device enables the power line to be used for the purpose of carrier communication, and adopts the phase-to-ground coupling method: this method is to connect the carrier device between a phase wire and the ground, and only need to install a coupling capacitor and a blocking wave at each coupling point The device uses less equipment, but its attenuation is larger than that of phase-to-phase coupling. In the event of a ground fault on the coupled phase, the attenuation will increase considerably. It should be pointed out that although the coupling is connected according to one phase, the actual signal transmission includes the other two phases and proceeds in a complicated way. Because the phase-to-ground coupling is more economical, the carrier channel is not required to have high reliability when the line fails, so this design adopts this method.

MCU最小系统模块是整个通信系统的核心，负责系统的启动，数据处理，应用程序的执行，结果的存储，与PC数据的交换，与数据终端采集装置RTU的数据交换，同时也是人机界面的桥梁。 The smallest system module of the MCU is the core of the entire communication system, responsible for system startup, data processing, application execution, result storage, data exchange with the PC, data exchange with the data terminal acquisition device RTU, and also the human-machine interface. bridge.

信号调制模块是由直接数字频率合成器和比较器组成。将CPU输出的数字信号调制成载波信号送到发送模块。 The signal modulation module is composed of a direct digital frequency synthesizer and a comparator. Modulate the digital signal output by the CPU into a carrier signal and send it to the sending module.

信号解调模块是由接收滤波电路、乘法器和数字低通滤波电路组成。将接收模块输出的载波信号还原成基带波输出到CPU的A/D采样口。 The signal demodulation module is composed of a receiving filter circuit, a multiplier and a digital low-pass filter circuit. Restore the carrier signal output by the receiving module to the baseband wave and output it to the A/D sampling port of the CPU.

发送模块是由光耦隔离电路与功率放大电路组成。实现载波信号的功率放大，然后经耦合装置接到电力线上。 The sending module is composed of an optocoupler isolation circuit and a power amplifier circuit. Realize the power amplification of the carrier signal, and then connect to the power line through the coupling device.

接收模块是由陶瓷滤波器、放大电路和数字滤波电路组成。实现对载波信号的滤波、放大，然后送到信号解调模块。 The receiving module is composed of ceramic filter, amplifier circuit and digital filter circuit. Realize the filtering and amplification of the carrier signal, and then send it to the signal demodulation module.

串行通信模块主要是RS232通信接口电路。实现CPU与PC机、CPU与RTU之间的数据通信。 The serial communication module is mainly an RS232 communication interface circuit. Realize the data communication between CPU and PC, CPU and RTU.

本实用新型有益的效果是：本实用新型中压配电载波通信系统为中压配电网自动化的顺利实施提供了一种可靠、经济、传输质量符合要求的信息通道。该系统经过实验测试各项指标均达到了设计要求，具有传输速率高、抗干扰能力强、安全性好等优点，在各种表记读数的自动抄收、用户需求侧管理(DSM)、负荷的自动监测与自动切换、远端用户的电源供电质量、电压稳定、干扰和谐波等的监测系统中，具有广泛的实际应用价值。 The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the medium voltage distribution carrier communication system of the utility model provides a reliable, economical, and transmission quality information channel for the smooth implementation of the automation of the medium voltage distribution network. After experimental testing, all the indicators of the system have met the design requirements. It has the advantages of high transmission rate, strong anti-interference ability, and good security. It has extensive practical application value in the monitoring system of automatic monitoring and automatic switching, power supply quality of remote users, voltage stability, interference and harmonics, etc.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本实用新型的总体结构图。 Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the utility model.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本实用新型作进一步说明： Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described:

参照附图：这种新型自动化通信系统，包括耦合装置，耦合装置一端连接电力线，另一端分别连接信号发送模块和信号接收模块，信号发送模块和信号接收模块分别连接信号调制模块，信号调制模块连接MCU最小系统模块，MCU最小系统模块连接串行通信模块，串行通信模块分别连接PC机和数据终端采集装置MTU。 Referring to the accompanying drawings: this new type of automatic communication system includes a coupling device, one end of the coupling device is connected to the power line, and the other end is respectively connected to the signal sending module and the signal receiving module, the signal sending module and the signal receiving module are respectively connected to the signal modulation module, and the signal modulation module is connected to the The minimum system module of the MCU, the minimum system module of the MCU is connected to the serial communication module, and the serial communication module is respectively connected to the PC and the data terminal acquisition device MTU.

1.1耦合装置模块设计 1.1 Coupling device module design

由耦合电容器(或电容分压器)、线路阻波器、结合设备及高频电缆等构成。 It is composed of coupling capacitors (or capacitive voltage dividers), line traps, combining equipment and high-frequency cables.

1.2MCU最小系统模块设计 1.2 MCU minimum system module design

在系统的设计中我们采用了Philips公司的LPC2132处理器作为系统的微处理器单元。LPC2132是基于32位的ARM7TDMI-S的微控制器，采用了冯诺依曼结构，根据RISC原理和技术来设计和实现的。它带有64KB的嵌入的高速Flash存储器。128位宽度的存储器接口和其他特殊的结构使它能够在高速时钟下运行。在该MCU平台上，指令集和相关的译码机制比一般的MCU更加容易实现。 In the design of the system, we have adopted the LPC2132 processor of Philips Company as the microprocessor unit of the system. LPC2132 is a microcontroller based on 32-bit ARM7TDMI-S, which adopts Von Neumann structure, and is designed and realized according to RISC principle and technology. It has an embedded high-speed Flash memory of 64KB. The 128-bit wide memory interface and other special structures enable it to run at high-speed clocks. On the MCU platform, the instruction set and related decoding mechanism are easier to realize than the general MCU.

本系统主要利用其自身的FIQ最高优先级中断资源来定时采样已还原的基带波并通过其高速的运算处理能力来解调载波数据，其片内10位的A/D转换精度和最小达2.44us的转换速率足以满足本系统对基带波的采样要求。CPU以3.3V进行供电。晶振频率为18.432MHz，电容值为22pF。这样就可以给系统提供稳定的时钟信号了。 This system mainly uses its own FIQ highest priority interrupt resource to regularly sample the restored baseband wave and demodulate the carrier data through its high-speed computing and processing capabilities. The on-chip 10-bit A/D conversion accuracy is as low as 2.44 The conversion rate of us is sufficient to meet the sampling requirements of the baseband wave in this system. The CPU is powered at 3.3V. The crystal oscillator frequency is 18.432MHz, and the capacitance value is 22pF. In this way, a stable clock signal can be provided to the system.

1.3 信号调制模块设计 1.3 Signal modulation module design

信号调制模块设计中，我们选用ADI公司生产的高性能频率合成器AD9835，其最高频率为50MHz，系统在发送载波信号前先向AD9835的两个32位的频率寄存器送入两个频率设定值分别为代表二进制“0”的频率0和代表二进制“1”的频率1，当发送载波数据时只要根据当前发送的二进制来选择当前发送频率0还是频率1，两个频率的切换只要控制AD9835的PSEL0和PSEL1的电平状态。同时，信号调制模块还提供给信号解调模块相干解调所需要的相干载波信号。 In the design of the signal modulation module, we choose AD9835, a high-performance frequency synthesizer produced by ADI, with a maximum frequency of 50MHz. Before sending the carrier signal, the system sends two frequency setting values to the two 32-bit frequency registers of AD9835. They are frequency 0 representing binary "0" and frequency 1 representing binary "1". When sending carrier data, you only need to select the current sending frequency 0 or frequency 1 according to the current sending binary. To switch between the two frequencies, you only need to control the AD9835 Level state of PSEL0 and PSEL1. At the same time, the signal modulation module also provides the signal demodulation module with coherent carrier signals required for coherent demodulation.

1.4信号解调模块设计 1.4 Signal demodulation module design

在设计中，主要采用正交相乘非相干解调的方法对FSK载波信号进行解调。整个解调电路分为两个部分：第一部分是由AD835(AD835是Analog Devices公司生产的电压输出四象限乘法器，)构成的乘法器电路，乘法器的两个输入分别是接收到的已调发送载波和本地载波，乘积后得到的信号包含高频谐波和低频基带波。 In the design, the method of non-coherent demodulation of quadrature multiplication is mainly used to demodulate the FSK carrier signal. The whole demodulation circuit is divided into two parts: the first part is a multiplier circuit composed of AD835 (AD835 is a voltage output four-quadrant multiplier produced by Analog Devices), and the two inputs of the multiplier are the received modulated Send carrier and local carrier, the signal obtained after product contains high-frequency harmonics and low-frequency baseband waves.

第二部分是由MAX293、MC1489等构成的带通滤波电路。经过这部分电路后得到的即为基带波，再送CPU解调。美国MAXIM公司开发生产的MAX293是一种使用方便的、8阶低通开关电容滤波器其中74HCT1G00是一个二输入的与非门。经MAX293滤波后输出的信号再经过二阶有源低通滤波器和二阶高通滤波器输出基带波。 The second part is a band-pass filter circuit composed of MAX293 and MC1489. After passing through this part of the circuit, the baseband wave is obtained, and then sent to the CPU for demodulation. The MAX293 developed and produced by MAXIM Company of the United States is an easy-to-use, 8th-order low-pass switched capacitor filter, among which 74HCT1G00 is a two-input NAND gate. After filtering by MAX293, the output signal passes through the second-order active low-pass filter and the second-order high-pass filter to output the baseband wave.

1.5 串行通信模块设计 1.5 Serial communication module design

在电力线载波通信系统中常常需要将需要调制的信号从上位机发送到MODEM，或者将MODEM解调完成的信号发送回上位机中进行分析和处理，这时串行通信就是最好的解决方案，因为该方案不需要增加过多的外围设备来完成通信任务，减轻了MCU的负担，降低了设备的成本。但是为了与计算机通用串行口兼容，还需要将3.3V的TTL/COMS电平转换成与普通串行口兼容的信号。在本设计中应用RS232串行接口通信。 In the power line carrier communication system, it is often necessary to send the signal to be modulated from the host computer to the MODEM, or send the signal demodulated by the MODEM back to the host computer for analysis and processing. At this time, serial communication is the best solution. Because this solution does not need to add too many peripheral devices to complete the communication task, it reduces the burden on the MCU and reduces the cost of the device. However, in order to be compatible with the general serial port of the computer, it is necessary to convert the 3.3V TTL/COMS level into a signal compatible with the common serial port. Apply RS232 serial interface communication in this design.

1.6 信号发送模块设计 1.6 Signal sending module design

信号发送模块由光耦隔离电路和功率放大电路组成。 The signal sending module is composed of an optocoupler isolation circuit and a power amplifier circuit.

1.7信号接收模块设计 1.7 Signal receiving module design

信号接收模块主要实现滤波功能，由三级陶瓷滤波器、运放构成的信号放大电路和带通滤波电路组成。 The signal receiving module mainly implements the filtering function, and is composed of a three-stage ceramic filter, a signal amplification circuit composed of an operational amplifier, and a band-pass filter circuit.

虽然本实用新型已通过参考优选的实施例进行了图示和描述，但是，本专业普通技术人员应当了解，在权利要求书的范围内，可作形式和细节上的各种各样变化。 Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made within the scope of the claims.

1. novel automatic communication system, it is characterized in that: it comprises coupling device, coupling device one end connects power line, the other end connects respectively signal transmitting module and signal receiving module, signal transmitting module and signal receiving module connect respectively the signal modulation module, the signal modulation module connects the MCU minimum systematic module, and the MCU minimum systematic module connects serial communication module, and serial communication module connects respectively PC and data terminal harvester MTU.