CN203339924U - Power Generation and Passive Control System of Vibrating Plate Beam Structure - Google Patents

本实用新型公开了一种振动板梁结构的发电及被动控制系统，包括机械部分和电路部分，机械部分包括板梁结构、两个永磁体和一个由非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁，板梁结构一端固定于墙壁中，另一端悬空，两个永磁体平行对称设置于板梁结构上下侧的所述墙壁中，且所述两个永磁体极性相反；电路部分包括两个带软铁芯的电磁螺线管线圈，两个带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈对称安装于靠近永磁体的所述墙壁外部的板梁结构上下侧，且线圈的中心线与同一侧相对应的永磁体中心线共线；两个带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈串联后与负载电路连接组成一个闭合回路。其利用振动和电磁感应原理来发电，并同时控制板梁结构的振动，可为车载灯、充电电池等小型用电设备供电能。

The utility model discloses a power generation and passive control system of a vibrating plate beam structure, which includes a mechanical part and a circuit part. The mechanical part includes a plate beam structure, two permanent magnets and a wall made of non-ferromagnetic materials, and the plate beam One end of the structure is fixed in the wall, and the other end is suspended in the air. Two permanent magnets are arranged in parallel and symmetrically in the wall on the upper and lower sides of the plate beam structure, and the polarities of the two permanent magnets are opposite; the circuit part includes two An electromagnetic solenoid coil, two electromagnetic solenoid coils with soft iron cores are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the plate beam structure outside the wall near the permanent magnet, and the center line of the coil corresponds to the center of the permanent magnet on the same side The lines are collinear; two electromagnetic solenoid coils with soft iron cores are connected in series and connected with the load circuit to form a closed loop. It uses the principle of vibration and electromagnetic induction to generate electricity, and at the same time controls the vibration of the plate beam structure, which can supply energy for small electrical equipment such as vehicle lights and rechargeable batteries.

振动板梁结构的发电及被动控制系统Power Generation and Passive Control System of Vibrating Plate Beam Structure

技术领域technical field

本实用新型属于机械振动及噪声控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种振动板梁结构的发电及被动控制系统。The utility model belongs to the technical field of mechanical vibration and noise control, in particular to a power generation and passive control system of a vibrating plate beam structure.

背景技术Background technique

近些年来，随着矿物能源的锐减和环境污染的加重，人们对于新能源的开发兴趣不断提高，特别是对于新型环保供电方式的研究不断深入，新能量采集技术是替代传统供电方式的最有前途的方法之一。振动广泛存在于各种工况下的机械系统中，比如汽车、火车、轮船等地面交通工具和飞机、火箭、卫星等飞行器，强烈的振动不仅会影响仪器仪表工作的精准性和稳定性，严重时还会因疲劳破坏而缩短结构的寿命，或者因共振而损坏结构，同时，由于振动而产生的噪声不仅造成环境的污染，还会危及操作人员的身心健康。因此，振动发电及振动控制系统具有较高的研究价值和广阔的应用前景，目前对于振动控制的研究报道很多，但仍存在以下不足之处：In recent years, with the sharp decline of mineral energy and the aggravation of environmental pollution, people's interest in the development of new energy has continued to increase, especially the research on new environmentally friendly power supply methods has continued to deepen. New energy harvesting technology is the best alternative to traditional power supply methods. One of the promising methods. Vibration widely exists in mechanical systems under various working conditions, such as ground vehicles such as automobiles, trains, and ships, and aircraft, rockets, and satellites. Strong vibrations will not only affect the accuracy and stability of instrumentation, but also seriously Sometimes the life of the structure will be shortened due to fatigue damage, or the structure will be damaged due to resonance. At the same time, the noise generated due to vibration not only pollutes the environment, but also endangers the physical and mental health of operators. Therefore, vibration power generation and vibration control systems have high research value and broad application prospects. At present, there are many research reports on vibration control, but there are still the following deficiencies:

1）传统的振动控制分为被动控制和主动控制两种方法，被动控制主要是采用阻尼结构将振动能量转变成热能耗散掉，在一定程度上造成资源浪费。1) Traditional vibration control is divided into passive control and active control. Passive control mainly uses a damping structure to convert vibration energy into heat energy and dissipate it, which causes waste of resources to a certain extent.

2）主动控制由于使用了传感器、控制器、作动器等设备，不仅没有利用振动振源的本身能量，而且还要消耗大量的电能。2) Active control uses sensors, controllers, actuators and other equipment, not only does not use the energy of the vibration source itself, but also consumes a lot of electric energy.

实用新型内容Utility model content

本实用新型的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种振动板梁结构的发电及被动控制系统，其利用振动和电磁感应原理来发电，并同时控制板梁结构的振动，可以为车载LED灯、可充电电池等小型用电设备供电能。The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a power generation and passive control system of a vibrating plate girder structure, which uses vibration and electromagnetic induction principles to generate power, and simultaneously controls the vibration of the plate girder structure, which can be used for Car LED lights, rechargeable batteries and other small electrical equipment power supply.

为实现上述目的，本实用新型采用下述技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

一种振动板梁结构的发电及被动控制系统，包括机械部分和电路部分，所述机械部分包括板梁结构、两个永磁体和一个由非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁，所述板梁结构一端固定于所述墙壁中，另一端悬空，两个永磁体平行对称设置于板梁结构上下侧的所述墙壁中，且所述两个永磁体极性相反；所述电路部分包括两个带软铁芯的电磁螺线管线圈，所述两个带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈对称安装于靠近永磁体的所述墙壁外部的板梁结构上下侧，且所述线圈的中心线与同一侧相对应的永磁体中心线共线；所述两个带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈串联后与负载电路连接组成一个闭合回路。A power generation and passive control system of a vibrating plate beam structure, including a mechanical part and a circuit part, the mechanical part includes a plate beam structure, two permanent magnets and a wall made of non-ferromagnetic materials, the plate beam structure One end is fixed in the wall, and the other end is suspended in the air. Two permanent magnets are arranged in parallel and symmetrically in the wall on the upper and lower sides of the plate beam structure, and the polarities of the two permanent magnets are opposite; the circuit part includes two An electromagnetic solenoid coil with a soft iron core, the two electromagnetic solenoid coils with a soft iron core are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the plate beam structure outside the wall near the permanent magnet, and the center line of the coil is the same as the The center lines of the permanent magnets corresponding to the sides are collinear; the two electromagnetic solenoid coils with soft iron cores are connected in series and connected with the load circuit to form a closed loop.

所述带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈固定于所述板梁结构上。The electromagnetic solenoid coil with a soft iron core is fixed on the plate girder structure.

一种振动板梁结构的发电及被动控制系统，包括机械部分和电路部分，所述机械部分包括板梁结构、两个永磁体和两个由非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁，两个所述墙壁平行设置，所述板梁结构一端固定于其中一个所述墙壁中，另一端悬空，两个永磁体平行对称设置于板梁结构上下侧的所述另一个墙壁中，且所述两个永磁体极性相反；所述电路部分包括两个带软铁芯的电磁螺线管线圈，所述带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈分别对称设置于板梁结构悬空端的上下侧，且所述线圈的中心线与同一侧相对应的永磁体中心线共线；所述两个带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈串联后与负载电路连接组成一个闭合回路，以保证在回路中产生感应电流。A power generation and passive control system of a vibrating plate beam structure, including a mechanical part and a circuit part, the mechanical part includes a plate beam structure, two permanent magnets and two walls made of non-ferromagnetic materials, the two The walls are arranged in parallel, one end of the plate beam structure is fixed in one of the walls, and the other end is suspended in the air, two permanent magnets are arranged in parallel and symmetrically in the other wall on the upper and lower sides of the plate beam structure, and the two permanent magnets are The polarities of the magnets are opposite; the circuit part includes two electromagnetic solenoid coils with soft iron cores, and the electromagnetic solenoid coils with soft iron cores are respectively symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the suspended end of the plate girder structure, and the coils The center line of the center line is collinear with the center line of the corresponding permanent magnet on the same side; the two electromagnetic solenoid coils with soft iron cores are connected in series to form a closed loop with the load circuit to ensure that induced current is generated in the loop.

所述带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈安装于板梁结构上，板梁结构则固定在非铁磁性物质制成墙壁上。The electromagnetic solenoid coil with soft iron core is installed on the plate beam structure, and the plate beam structure is fixed on the wall made of non-ferromagnetic material.

所述负载电路包括桥式滤波整流电路，桥式滤波整流电路后并联负载；所述桥式滤波整流电路包括与所述线圈直接连接的桥式整流电路，桥式整流电路后并联一个电容。The load circuit includes a bridge filter rectifier circuit connected in parallel with a load; the bridge filter rectifier circuit includes a bridge rectifier circuit directly connected to the coil, and a capacitor is connected in parallel behind the bridge rectifier circuit.

所述永磁体采用条形稀土永磁体（如钕硼永磁体），永磁体一端形成N极，另一端形成S极。The permanent magnet adopts a bar-shaped rare earth permanent magnet (such as a neodymium boron permanent magnet), and one end of the permanent magnet forms an N pole, and the other end forms an S pole.

所述带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈用漆包线缠绕而成，中间有软铁芯，而且两个电磁螺线管线圈的漆包线缠绕方向一致。The electromagnetic solenoid coil with soft iron core is wound with enameled wire, with a soft iron core in the middle, and the enameled wire winding directions of the two electromagnetic solenoid coils are consistent.

所述负载是LED灯、可充电电池或其它用电设备。The load is an LED lamp, a rechargeable battery or other electrical equipment.

所述板梁结构即为振动的物体。The plate girder structure is a vibrating object.

本实用新型提供两种技术方案，其一是带有软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈的板梁结构与永磁体都安装在同一墙壁上，且线圈中心线与永磁体中心线共线；其二是带有软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈的板梁结构安装在一侧的墙壁上，而永磁体则安装在另一侧墙壁上，同样线圈中心线与永磁体中心线共线。The utility model provides two technical solutions, one is that the plate beam structure with the soft iron core electromagnetic solenoid coil and the permanent magnet are all installed on the same wall, and the center line of the coil is collinear with the center line of the permanent magnet; It is a plate beam structure with a soft iron core electromagnetic solenoid coil mounted on one side of the wall, while the permanent magnet is mounted on the other side of the wall, and the center line of the coil is also collinear with the center line of the permanent magnet.

本实用新型的工作原理：电磁感应现象是指放在变化磁场中的导体，会产生电动势，此电动势称为感应电动势或感生电动势，若将此导体闭合成一回路，则该电动势会驱使电子流动，形成感应电流（或感生电流）。事实上，电路的一部分在做切割磁力线运动时，相当于电路的这部分内的自由电子在磁场中作不沿磁力线方向的运动，故自由电子会受洛伦兹力的作用在导体内定向移动，若电路的这部分处在闭合回路中就会形成感应电流，若不是闭合回路，两端就会积聚电荷产生感应电动势；若是闭合回路，则是通电导线处在磁场中，还会受到安培力的作用，该力的作用效果总是阻碍导线切割磁力线的运动。The working principle of the utility model: electromagnetic induction refers to a conductor placed in a changing magnetic field, which will generate an electromotive force, which is called an induced electromotive force or an induced electromotive force. If the conductor is closed into a loop, the electromotive force will drive electrons flow, forming an induced current (or induced current). In fact, when a part of the circuit cuts the magnetic force line, it is equivalent to the free electrons in this part of the circuit not moving in the direction of the magnetic force line in the magnetic field, so the free electrons will move in the direction of the conductor under the action of the Lorentz force , if this part of the circuit is in a closed loop, an induced current will be formed. If it is not a closed loop, charges will accumulate at both ends to generate an induced electromotive force; The effect of this force always hinders the movement of the wire cutting magnetic force line.

本实用新型利用固定安装于非铁磁性物质制成墙壁上的条形永磁体产生恒定不变的磁场，带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈安装于板梁结构上并且与永磁体中心线对齐，当板梁结构振动时带动线圈一起振动，线圈导线切割磁力线产生感应电动势，并且线圈与负载电路（电灯或蓄电池）形成闭合回路，进而产生感应电流，带动负载电路工作，这就是本实用新型发电的工作原理。The utility model utilizes the strip-shaped permanent magnet fixedly installed on the wall made of non-ferromagnetic material to generate a constant magnetic field, and the electromagnetic solenoid coil with a soft iron core is installed on the plate beam structure and aligned with the center line of the permanent magnet. When the plate girder structure vibrates, the coil is driven to vibrate together, and the coil wire cuts the magnetic force line to generate an induced electromotive force, and the coil forms a closed loop with the load circuit (light or battery), thereby generating an induced current to drive the load circuit to work. This is the power generation of the utility model working principle.

当板梁结构弯曲振动时，线圈上的通电导线在条形永磁体所形成的磁场中会受到安培力的作用，根据楞次定律，感应电流的效果总是反抗引起它的原因，也就是运动导体上的感应电流受的磁场力（安培力）总是反抗（或阻碍）导体的运动，线圈中的感应电流又会使其产生磁场，当线圈与永磁体靠近时同性磁极会产生排斥力，当线圈与永磁体远离时异性磁极会产生吸引力，这样就会形成一个与振动板梁结构方向相反的（力）弯矩，阻碍板梁结构的弯曲振动，这就是本实用新型被动振动控制的原理。When the plate beam structure bends and vibrates, the current-carrying wire on the coil will be affected by the Ampere force in the magnetic field formed by the bar-shaped permanent magnet. According to Lenz's law, the effect of the induced current always opposes the cause that caused it, that is, the motion The magnetic field force (ampere force) on the induced current on the conductor always resists (or hinders) the movement of the conductor, and the induced current in the coil will cause it to generate a magnetic field. When the coil is close to the permanent magnet, the same-sex magnetic pole will generate a repulsive force. When the coil is far away from the permanent magnet, the magnetic poles of the opposite sex will generate an attractive force, which will form a (force) bending moment opposite to the direction of the vibration plate beam structure, hindering the bending vibration of the plate beam structure, which is the purpose of the passive vibration control of the utility model principle.

本实用新型中，永磁体采用稀土永磁体，而稀土钕硼永磁体是目前磁体中性能最强的永磁体，其机械性能比钐钴永磁体和铝镍钴永磁体都好，更易于加工成本实用新型所需要的形状，本实用新型中将永磁体加工成条形，这样在永磁体一端形成N极，另一端形成S极。In the utility model, the permanent magnet adopts the rare earth permanent magnet, and the rare earth neodymium boron permanent magnet is the permanent magnet with the strongest performance in the current magnets, and its mechanical performance is better than that of the samarium cobalt permanent magnet and the alnico permanent magnet, and it is easier to process and cost The required shape of the utility model, in the utility model, the permanent magnet is processed into a bar shape, so that an N pole is formed at one end of the permanent magnet, and an S pole is formed at the other end.

墙体是由不导磁的非铁磁性材料制成，防止永磁体和墙体材料自成封闭导磁回路。The wall is made of non-magnetic non-ferromagnetic material, which prevents the permanent magnet and the wall material from forming a closed magnetic circuit.

线圈是带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈，用漆包线缠绕而成，中间有软铁芯，为了提高发电的效率和被动振动控制的效果，线圈的匝数应尽可能的多，而且两个电磁螺线管线圈的漆包线缠绕方向一致。The coil is an electromagnetic solenoid coil with a soft iron core, which is wound with enameled wire and has a soft iron core in the middle. In order to improve the efficiency of power generation and the effect of passive vibration control, the number of turns of the coil should be as many as possible, and the two electromagnetic The enameled wire of the solenoid coil is wound in the same direction.

整流电路采用桥式整流电路，由4个两两对接的二极管组成桥式电路，桥式整流电路是利用二极管的单向导通性进行整流的最常用的电路。输入正弦波的正半部分是两只二极管导通，得到正的输出；输入正弦波的负半部分时，另两只二极管导通，由于这两只二极管是反接的，所以输出的还是正弦波的正半部分。因此，本实用新型利用该电路的这种特性，就使与其相连的滤波电路和负载电路的通电电流方向不变，以便滤波电路将其变换为直流电，提高电能的利用效率。The rectifier circuit adopts a bridge rectifier circuit, which consists of 4 diodes connected in pairs to form a bridge circuit. The bridge rectifier circuit is the most commonly used circuit for rectification by using the unidirectional conductivity of the diode. In the positive half of the input sine wave, two diodes are turned on to obtain a positive output; when the negative half of the sine wave is input, the other two diodes are turned on. Since the two diodes are connected in reverse, the output is still sinusoidal. positive half of the wave. Therefore, the utility model utilizes this characteristic of the circuit to keep the current direction of the filter circuit and the load circuit connected to it unchanged, so that the filter circuit can convert it into direct current and improve the utilization efficiency of electric energy.

滤波电路采用电容滤波电路，在桥式整流电路后并联一个电容器，其原理是电容器的端电压在电路状态改变时不能剧烈跃变，将桥式整流电路输出的单方向周期变化电流转化成幅值变化较为平坦的直流电。The filter circuit adopts a capacitor filter circuit, and a capacitor is connected in parallel after the bridge rectifier circuit. The principle is that the terminal voltage of the capacitor cannot change sharply when the circuit state changes, and the unidirectional periodic change current output by the bridge rectifier circuit is converted into an amplitude. DC current with relatively flat variation.

负载可以是LED灯、可充电电池或其它用电设备，用于照明或者充电，非常方便而且节能环保。The load can be LED lights, rechargeable batteries or other electrical equipment for lighting or charging, which is very convenient and energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

由于板梁结构的上下振动，本实用新型中的感应电流是大小变化的，从带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈流出的感应电流经桥式整流电路后，变为单方向周期变化的电流，经电容滤波后，感应电流变为近似平坦的直流电，可以直接为电灯、可充电电池或其它用电设备供电，这便是本实用新型发电和电能的利用过程。Due to the up and down vibration of the plate girder structure, the induced current in the utility model changes in size, and the induced current flowing out from the electromagnetic solenoid coil with a soft iron core passes through the bridge rectifier circuit and becomes a current that changes periodically in one direction. After being filtered by the capacitor, the induced current becomes approximately flat direct current, which can directly supply power for lamps, rechargeable batteries or other electrical equipment. This is the power generation and utilization process of the utility model.

这样通过上述过程便达到了对振动板梁结构的发电和被动振动控制的目的，不仅有效地控制了机械结构的振动，而且还将振动的能量转化为电能，经济环保节能。In this way, the purpose of power generation and passive vibration control of the vibrating plate beam structure is achieved through the above process, which not only effectively controls the vibration of the mechanical structure, but also converts the vibration energy into electrical energy, which is economical, environmentally friendly and energy-saving.

本实用新型的有益效果：The beneficial effects of the utility model:

1、本实用新型将振动发电和被动振动控制融为一体，利用振动和电磁感应原理来控制板梁结构的振动并同时发电，可以将该设备安装在有振动发生的机械设备中，如汽车、火车等，减少了设备振动，还可为车载LED灯、可充电电池等小型用电设备供电。1. The utility model integrates vibration power generation and passive vibration control, and uses the principles of vibration and electromagnetic induction to control the vibration of the plate beam structure and generate power at the same time. The device can be installed in mechanical equipment with vibration, such as automobiles, Trains, etc., reduce the vibration of equipment, and can also provide power for small electrical equipment such as on-board LED lights and rechargeable batteries.

2、本实用新型提供了两种技术方案，方案一是板梁结构、带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈与永磁体安装在同一非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上，且线圈中心线与永磁体中心线共线；方案二是板梁结构和带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈安装在一侧的非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上，而永磁体安装在另一侧非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上，同样线圈中心线与永磁体中心线共线，方案二较方案一的优势在于，带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈安装在板梁结构的末端，板梁结构振动时末端的位移最大，可以形成较大的电流和较大的阻尼力或阻尼力矩，能使板梁结构的振动较快衰减下来。2. The utility model provides two technical schemes. The first scheme is that the plate beam structure, the electromagnetic solenoid coil with soft iron core and the permanent magnet are installed on the wall made of the same non-ferromagnetic material, and the center line of the coil is in line with the permanent magnet. The center lines of the magnets are collinear; the second scheme is that the plate beam structure and the electromagnetic solenoid coil with a soft iron core are installed on the wall made of non-ferromagnetic material on one side, and the permanent magnet is installed on the other side made of non-ferromagnetic material. On the formed wall, the center line of the coil is also collinear with the center line of the permanent magnet. The advantage of the second scheme compared with the first scheme is that the electromagnetic solenoid coil with a soft iron core is installed at the end of the plate girder structure, and the end of the plate girder structure vibrates. The maximum displacement can form a larger current and a larger damping force or damping moment, which can quickly attenuate the vibration of the plate girder structure.

3、采用电磁铁控制可以对板梁结构产生较大的作用力，因此本实用新型对于高刚度的板梁结构有很好的振动控制效果。3. The use of electromagnet control can generate a large force on the plate beam structure, so the utility model has a good vibration control effect on the plate beam structure with high rigidity.

4、采用桥式整流滤波电路，将正弦变化的感应电流转变为直流电，可以为用电设备直接供电。4. Adopt bridge rectifier and filter circuit to convert the sinusoidally changing induction current into direct current, which can directly supply power for electrical equipment.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1本实用新型实施例1结构示意图；Fig. 1 structural representation of embodiment 1 of the utility model;

图2本实用新型实施例2结构示意图；Fig. 2 structural representation of embodiment 2 of the utility model;

图3实施例1中板梁结构向上弯曲振动控制及发电的原理（图中箭头为电流方向）；Figure 3 The principle of upward bending vibration control and power generation of the plate beam structure in Example 1 (the arrow in the figure is the direction of the current);

图4实施例1中板梁结构向下弯曲振动控制及发电的原理（图中箭头为电流方向）；Figure 4 The principle of downward bending vibration control and power generation of the plate beam structure in Example 1 (the arrow in the figure is the direction of the current);

图5实施例2中板梁结构向上弯曲振动控制及发电的原理（图中箭头为电流方向）；Fig. 5 The principle of upward bending vibration control and power generation of the plate beam structure in Example 2 (the arrow in the figure is the direction of the current);

图6实施例2中板梁结构向下弯曲振动控制及发电的原理（图中箭头为电流方向）；Figure 6 The principle of downward bending vibration control and power generation of the plate beam structure in Example 2 (the arrow in the figure is the direction of the current);

图7桥式整流滤波电路（图中ui为带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈输出电压，uc为电容C两端的电压，uo为本系统的输出电压）；Figure 7 bridge rectifier filter circuit (ui in the figure is the output voltage of the electromagnetic solenoid coil with soft iron core, uc is the voltage at both ends of the capacitor C, uo is the output voltage of the system);

图8为电磁螺线管输出电压波形；Fig. 8 is the electromagnetic solenoid output voltage waveform;

图9为桥式整流电路输出电压波形；Fig. 9 is the output voltage waveform of the bridge rectifier circuit;

图10为经电容滤波电路后的电压波形图（图中M为电压最大值点，曲线mn是电容器C充电电压Uc的下降曲线）；Figure 10 is the voltage waveform diagram after the capacitor filter circuit (M in the figure is the maximum voltage point, and the curve mn is the falling curve of the charging voltage Uc of the capacitor C);

图中：1.非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁，2.条形永磁体，3.带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈，4.导线，5.板梁结构，6.二极管，7.电容，8.负载（可以是LED灯、可充电电池或其它用电设备），A、B分别为两个永磁体的编号，C、D分别为两个带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈的编号，D1、D2、D3、D4分别为桥式整流滤波电路的四个二极管编号，N、S分别为磁体的两个极性。In the figure: 1. Wall made of non-ferromagnetic material, 2. Bar permanent magnet, 3. Electromagnetic solenoid coil with soft iron core, 4. Wire, 5. Plate beam structure, 6. Diode, 7. Capacitor , 8. Load (can be LED lights, rechargeable batteries or other electrical equipment), A, B are the numbers of the two permanent magnets, C, D are the numbers of the two electromagnetic solenoid coils with soft iron cores , D1, D2, D3, D4 are the numbers of the four diodes of the bridge rectifier filter circuit respectively, and N and S are the two polarities of the magnet respectively.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described.

实施例1：Example 1:

一种基于永磁体的振动板梁结构的发电及被动控制系统，如图1所示，包括机械部分和电路部分。其中，机械部分包括非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁1、板梁结构5、条形永磁体2，电路部分包括带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈3、桥式整流电路、电容式滤波器、负载（可以是LED灯、可充电电池或其它小型用电设备）8及导线4。所述墙壁由非铁磁性物质制成；所述板梁结构5即为振动的物体；所述条形永磁体2分为A、B两块，分别对称安装于板梁结构5上下侧的非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁1上；所述带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈3分为C、D两个，两个带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈3对称安装于靠近永磁体的所述墙壁外部的板梁结构5上下侧，且线圈中心线与同一侧的条形永磁体中心线对齐，其中，板梁结构5、带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈3与永磁体安装在同一非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁1上；所述桥式整流电路与线圈直接连接，在桥式整流电路后并联一个电容7，共同组成桥式滤波整流电路；所述负载8直接并联在桥式滤波整流电路后；所述带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈3、桥式滤波整流电路和负载8组成一个闭合回路，以保证在回路中产生感应电流。A power generation and passive control system based on a permanent magnet vibrating plate beam structure, as shown in Figure 1, includes a mechanical part and a circuit part. Among them, the mechanical part includes a wall 1 made of non-ferromagnetic material, a plate beam structure 5, and a bar-shaped permanent magnet 2, and the circuit part includes an electromagnetic solenoid coil 3 with a soft iron core, a bridge rectifier circuit, a capacitive filter, A load (which can be an LED lamp, a rechargeable battery or other small electrical equipment) 8 and a wire 4. The wall is made of non-ferromagnetic material; the plate girder structure 5 is a vibrating object; the bar-shaped permanent magnet 2 is divided into two pieces, A and B, which are symmetrically installed on the non-ferromagnetic upper and lower sides of the plate girder structure 5 respectively. On the wall 1 that ferromagnetic material is made; Described band soft iron core electromagnetic solenoid coil 3 is divided into two, C, D, and two band soft iron core electromagnetic solenoid coils 3 are symmetrically installed on the place close to the permanent magnet. The upper and lower sides of the plate beam structure 5 outside the wall, and the center line of the coil is aligned with the center line of the strip permanent magnet on the same side, wherein the plate beam structure 5, the electromagnetic solenoid coil 3 with a soft iron core and the permanent magnet are installed on the same On the wall 1 made of non-ferromagnetic material; the bridge rectifier circuit is directly connected to the coil, and a capacitor 7 is connected in parallel behind the bridge rectifier circuit to form a bridge filter rectifier circuit; the load 8 is directly connected in parallel to the bridge rectifier circuit. After the filtering and rectifying circuit; the electromagnetic solenoid coil 3 with a soft iron core, the bridge filtering and rectifying circuit and the load 8 form a closed loop to ensure that an induced current is generated in the loop.

条形永磁体2采用稀土永磁体，本实用新型中使用A、B两块永磁体，分别安装于板梁结构上下两侧的非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上且与带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈中心线对齐，安装于非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上的条形永磁体A左端为S极，右端为N极，条形永磁体B左端为N极，右端为S极，如图1所示；上述这样安装的目的是为了使永磁体A和永磁体B形成磁极回路，当然永磁体的磁极安装方向也可以与上述不同，电磁螺线管线圈的绕线方向也可作相应的变化，以保证带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C和D的感应电流同相位，所属相关领域研究人员应该明白，这也在本实用新型的保护范围之内。Strip permanent magnet 2 adopts rare earth permanent magnet, uses A, B two permanent magnets in the utility model, is respectively installed on the wall that the non-ferromagnetic material of plate girder structure upper and lower both sides is made and is connected with the electromagnetic screw with soft iron core. The center line of the wire pipe coil is aligned, and the bar-shaped permanent magnet A installed on the wall made of non-ferromagnetic material has an S pole at the left end and an N pole at the right end, and the bar-shaped permanent magnet B has an N pole at the left end and an S pole at the right end, such as As shown in Figure 1; the purpose of the above-mentioned installation is to make the permanent magnet A and the permanent magnet B form a magnetic pole loop. Of course, the magnetic pole installation direction of the permanent magnet can also be different from the above, and the winding direction of the electromagnetic solenoid coil can also be made accordingly. To ensure that the induction currents of electromagnetic solenoid coils C and D with soft iron cores are in the same phase, researchers in related fields should understand that this is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

线圈是带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈，用漆包线缠绕而成，为了提高发电的效率和被动振动控制的效果，线圈的匝数应尽可能的多，而且两个电磁螺线管线圈的漆包线缠绕方向一致。本实用新型使用C、D两个带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈，分别安装于板梁结构上下两侧的支架上且中心线与永磁体对齐，板梁结构和永磁体安装于同一非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上，带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈安装于板梁结构靠近永磁体的一端，并以板梁中心线为对称；The coil is an electromagnetic solenoid coil with a soft iron core, which is wound with enameled wire. In order to improve the efficiency of power generation and the effect of passive vibration control, the number of turns of the coil should be as many as possible, and the enameled wire of the two electromagnetic solenoid coils The winding direction is the same. The utility model uses two electromagnetic solenoid coils with soft iron cores C and D, which are respectively installed on the brackets on the upper and lower sides of the plate beam structure and the center line is aligned with the permanent magnet. The plate beam structure and the permanent magnet are installed on the same non-ferrous On the wall made of magnetic material, the electromagnetic solenoid coil with soft iron core is installed on the end of the plate beam structure close to the permanent magnet, and is symmetrical to the center line of the plate beam;

整流电路采用桥式整流电路，由4个两两对接的二极管6组成桥式电路，桥式整流电路是利用二极管6的单向导通性进行整流的最常用电路。桥式整流电路上下两端分别接带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C和D，左右两端接后续滤波电路，当板梁结构向上弯曲振动，感应电流方向如图3所示，二极管对D1、D4加正向电压，Dl、D4导通，二极管对D2、D3加反向电压，D2、D3截止，电路中就由带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C、二极管D1、负载电路、二极管D4和线圈D构成闭合回路，由感应电动势形成感应电流；当板梁结构向下弯曲振动，感应电流方向如图4所示，二极管对D2、D3加正向电压，D2、D3导通，二极管对D1、D4加反向电压，D1、D4截止，带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D、二极管D2、负载电路、二极管D3和线圈C构成闭合回路，由感应电动势形成感应电流。如此重复下去，结果在桥式整流电路图7的输入端就得到如图8所示的感应电压，在桥式整流电路图7的输出端便得到如图9所示未经滤波的全波整流电流。The rectifier circuit adopts a bridge rectifier circuit, which consists of four diodes 6 connected in pairs to form a bridge circuit. The bridge rectifier circuit is the most commonly used circuit for rectification by using the unidirectional conductivity of the diode 6 . The upper and lower ends of the bridge rectifier circuit are respectively connected with electromagnetic solenoid coils C and D with soft iron cores, and the left and right ends are connected with subsequent filter circuits. When the plate beam structure bends upwards and vibrates, the direction of the induced current is shown in Figure 3, and the diode pair D1 , D4 plus forward voltage, D1, D4 conducting, diodes add reverse voltage to D2, D3, D2, D3 cut off, the circuit consists of electromagnetic solenoid coil C with soft iron core, diode D1, load circuit, diode D4 and coil D form a closed loop, and the induced electromotive force forms an induced current; when the plate girder structure bends and vibrates downward, the direction of the induced current is shown in Figure 4, and the diode applies forward voltage to D2 and D3, D2 and D3 are turned on, and the diode Add reverse voltage to D1 and D4, D1 and D4 are cut off, electromagnetic solenoid coil D with soft iron core, diode D2, load circuit, diode D3 and coil C form a closed loop, and induced current is formed by induced electromotive force. As a result, the induced voltage shown in Figure 8 is obtained at the input end of the bridge rectifier circuit in Figure 7, and the unfiltered full-wave rectified current shown in Figure 9 is obtained at the output end of the bridge rectifier circuit in Figure 7.

滤波电路采用电容滤波电路，在桥式整流电路后并联一个电容器，如图7所示，其原理是电容器的端电压在电路状态改变时不能跃变，将桥式整流电路输出的单方向周期变化电流转化成幅值变化较为平坦的直流电，结果如图10所示。在桥式整流电路导通时，一方面供电给负载电路，同时对电容器C充电，在忽略二极管正向压降的情况下，充电电压Uc与上升的正弦电压Ui一致，如图10所示，充电电压Uc与供电电压Ui在M点同时达到最大值，而后充电电压Uc和供电电压Ui都开始下降，供电电压Ui按照正弦规律下降，当Ui<Uc时，桥式整流电路导通的二极管承受反相电压而截止，电容器C对负载电路放电，负载中仍有电流，而Uc按放电曲线mn下降，在Ui下一个正半周期，当Ui>Uc，二极管再次导通，电容器C再被充电，重复上述过程，这样，便达到了交流电变直流电的目的。The filter circuit adopts a capacitor filter circuit, and a capacitor is connected in parallel after the bridge rectifier circuit, as shown in Figure 7. The principle is that the terminal voltage of the capacitor cannot jump when the circuit state changes, and the unidirectional periodic change of the bridge rectifier circuit output The current is converted into direct current with relatively flat amplitude variation, and the result is shown in Figure 10. When the bridge rectifier circuit is turned on, on the one hand, power is supplied to the load circuit, and at the same time, the capacitor C is charged. In the case of ignoring the forward voltage drop of the diode, the charging voltage Uc is consistent with the rising sinusoidal voltage Ui, as shown in Figure 10. The charging voltage Uc and the supply voltage Ui reach the maximum value at the point M at the same time, and then both the charging voltage Uc and the supply voltage Ui begin to drop, and the supply voltage Ui drops according to the sinusoidal law. When Ui<Uc, the diode of the bridge rectifier circuit is under The reverse voltage cuts off, the capacitor C discharges the load circuit, there is still current in the load, and Uc drops according to the discharge curve mn, in the next positive half cycle of Ui, when Ui>Uc, the diode is turned on again, and the capacitor C is charged again , repeat the above process, so that the purpose of changing AC to DC is achieved.

当板梁结构向上弯曲振动时，如图3所示，永磁体A和带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C之间的距离减小，通过线圈C的磁通量增大，若回路闭合会产生感应电流，根据楞次定律，感应电流的效果总是反抗引起它的原因，这个原因正是通过它的磁通量的增大，因此带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C产生的感应电流方向如图3所示，这是发电过程。同时感应电流又会使带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C产生磁场，根据右手螺线管法则判断线圈C左端的磁极极性为N极，右端为S极，以抵消磁通量的增大，与带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C位置相对应的永磁体A左端磁极为S极，右端为N极，线圈C和永磁体A相对一侧均为N极产生排斥力，阻止二者距离的减小。永磁体B和带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D之间的距离增大，通过线圈D的磁通量减小，若回路闭合，则根据楞次定律电磁螺线管线圈D产生的感应电流方向如图3所示，这是发电过程。When the plate beam structure bends upwards, as shown in Figure 3, the distance between the permanent magnet A and the coil C of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core decreases, and the magnetic flux passing through the coil C increases. If the loop is closed, induction will occur Current, according to Lenz's law, the effect of the induced current is always against the cause of it, the reason is the increase of the magnetic flux passing through it, so the direction of the induced current produced by the electromagnetic solenoid coil C with a soft iron core is shown in Figure 3 As shown, this is the power generation process. At the same time, the induced current will cause the electromagnetic solenoid coil C with a soft iron core to generate a magnetic field. According to the right-hand solenoid rule, it is judged that the magnetic pole at the left end of the coil C is N pole, and the right end is S pole, so as to offset the increase of magnetic flux. The magnetic pole at the left end of the permanent magnet A corresponding to the coil C of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core is the S pole, and the right end is the N pole, and the opposite side of the coil C and the permanent magnet A are both N poles to generate repulsive force, preventing the distance between the two decrease. The distance between the permanent magnet B and the electromagnetic solenoid coil D with a soft iron core increases, and the magnetic flux passing through the coil D decreases. If the loop is closed, the direction of the induced current generated by the electromagnetic solenoid coil D according to Lenz’s law is as follows: As shown in Figure 3, this is the power generation process.

同时感应电流又会使带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D产生磁场，根据右手螺线管法则判断线圈D左端的磁极极性为N极，右端为S极，以抵消磁通量的减小，与带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D位置相对应的永磁体B左端磁极为N极，右端为S极，线圈D和永磁体B相对一侧异性磁极产生吸引力，阻止二者距离的增大。永磁体A和线圈C之间产生排斥力，永磁体B和线圈D之间产生吸引力，这样对板梁结构形成一个顺时针的弯矩，以阻碍其向上的弯曲振动，这便是本实用新型实施例1板梁结构向上弯曲振动时的控制过程。At the same time, the induced current will cause the electromagnetic solenoid coil D with a soft iron core to generate a magnetic field. According to the right-hand solenoid rule, it is judged that the magnetic pole at the left end of the coil D is N pole, and the right end is S pole, so as to offset the decrease of the magnetic flux. The magnetic pole at the left end of the permanent magnet B corresponding to the position of the coil D of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core is N pole, and the right end is S pole. . A repulsive force is generated between the permanent magnet A and the coil C, and an attractive force is generated between the permanent magnet B and the coil D, so that a clockwise bending moment is formed on the plate beam structure to hinder its upward bending vibration. The control process of the new embodiment 1 when the plate girder structure is in upward bending vibration.

当板梁结构向下弯曲振动时，如图4所示，永磁体A和带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C之间的距离增大，通过线圈C的磁通量减小，若回路闭合会产生感应电流，根据楞次定律电磁螺线管线圈C产生的感应电流方向如图4所示，这是发电过程。同时感应电流使线圈C左端的磁极极性为S极，右端为N极，以抵消磁通量的减小，与带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C位置相对应的永磁体A左端磁极极性为S极，右端为N极，线圈C和永磁体A相对一侧异性磁极产生吸引力，阻止二者距离的增大。永磁体B和带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D之间的距离减小，通过线圈D的磁通量增大，若回路闭合，则根据楞次定律电磁螺线管线圈D产生的感应电流方向如图4所示，这是发电过程。When the plate girder structure bends and vibrates downward, as shown in Figure 4, the distance between the permanent magnet A and the coil C of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core increases, and the magnetic flux passing through the coil C decreases. If the loop is closed, a The induced current, according to Lenz's law, the direction of the induced current generated by the electromagnetic solenoid coil C is shown in Figure 4, which is the power generation process. At the same time, the induced current makes the polarity of the magnetic pole at the left end of the coil C be S pole, and the right end is N pole, so as to offset the decrease of the magnetic flux. The S pole, the right end is the N pole, and the coil C and the opposite pole of the opposite sex of the permanent magnet A generate an attractive force, preventing the distance between the two from increasing. The distance between the permanent magnet B and the coil D of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core decreases, and the magnetic flux passing through the coil D increases. If the loop is closed, the direction of the induced current generated by the coil D of the electromagnetic solenoid according to Lenz’s law is as follows: As shown in Figure 4, this is the power generation process.

同时感应电流又会使带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D产生磁场，根据右手螺线管法则判断线圈D左端的磁极极性为S极，右端为N极，以抵消磁通量的增大，与带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D位置相对应的永磁体B左端磁极为N极，右端为S极，线圈D和永磁体B相对一侧同性磁极产生排斥力，阻止二者距离的减小。永磁体A和线圈C之间产生吸引力，永磁体B和线圈D之间产生排斥力，这样对板梁结构形成一个逆时针的弯矩，以阻碍板梁结构向下的弯曲振动，这便是本实用新型实施例1板梁结构向下弯曲振动时的控制过程。At the same time, the induced current will cause the electromagnetic solenoid coil D with a soft iron core to generate a magnetic field. According to the right-hand solenoid rule, it is judged that the magnetic pole at the left end of the coil D is S pole, and the right end is N pole, so as to offset the increase of magnetic flux. The magnetic pole at the left end of the permanent magnet B corresponding to the position of the coil D of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core is N pole, and the right end is S pole. The same-sex magnetic poles on the opposite side of the coil D and the permanent magnet B generate a repulsive force to prevent the distance between the two from decreasing. . An attractive force is generated between the permanent magnet A and the coil C, and a repulsive force is generated between the permanent magnet B and the coil D, so that a counterclockwise bending moment is formed on the plate girder structure to hinder the downward bending vibration of the plate girder structure, which is It is the control process during the downward bending vibration of the plate girder structure in Embodiment 1 of the utility model.

实施例2：Example 2:

一种基于永磁体的振动板梁结构的发电及被动控制系统，如图2所示，包括机械部分和电路部分。其中，机械部分包括非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁1、板梁结构5、条形永磁体2，电路部分包括带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈3、桥式整流电路、电容式滤波器、负载（可以是LED灯、可充电电池或其它小型用电设备）8及导线4。所述墙壁由非铁磁性物质制成；所述板梁结构即为振动的物体；所述条形永磁体分为A、B两块，分别对称安装于板梁结构上下侧的非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上；所述带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈分为C、D两个，分别对称安装于板梁结构悬空端的上下两侧，且线圈中心线与同一侧的条形永磁体中心线对齐，其中，板梁结构和带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈安装在一侧的非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上，而永磁体安装在另一侧非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上；所述桥式整流电路与线圈直接连接，在桥式整流电路后并联一个电容7，共同组成桥式滤波整流电路；所述负载8直接并联在桥式滤波整流电路后；所述带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈3、桥式滤波整流电路和负载8组成一个闭合回路，以保证在回路中产生感应电流。A power generation and passive control system based on a permanent magnet vibrating plate beam structure, as shown in Figure 2, includes a mechanical part and a circuit part. Among them, the mechanical part includes a wall 1 made of non-ferromagnetic material, a plate beam structure 5, and a bar-shaped permanent magnet 2, and the circuit part includes an electromagnetic solenoid coil 3 with a soft iron core, a bridge rectifier circuit, a capacitive filter, A load (which can be an LED lamp, a rechargeable battery or other small electrical equipment) 8 and a wire 4. The wall is made of non-ferromagnetic material; the plate beam structure is a vibrating object; the bar-shaped permanent magnet is divided into two pieces, A and B, which are respectively symmetrically installed on the non-ferromagnetic material on the upper and lower sides of the plate beam structure On the wall made; the electromagnetic solenoid coil with soft iron core is divided into C and D, which are respectively symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the suspended end of the plate beam structure, and the center line of the coil is the same as the bar-shaped permanent magnet on the same side. Center line alignment where the plate girder structure and electromagnetic solenoid coil with soft iron core are mounted on one side of the non-ferromagnetic wall and permanent magnets are mounted on the other side of the non-ferromagnetic wall above; the bridge rectifier circuit is directly connected to the coil, and a capacitor 7 is connected in parallel behind the bridge rectifier circuit to jointly form a bridge filter rectifier circuit; the load 8 is directly connected in parallel behind the bridge filter rectifier circuit; the belt soft The iron core electromagnetic solenoid coil 3, the bridge filter rectifier circuit and the load 8 form a closed loop to ensure that induced current is generated in the loop.

条形永磁体采用稀土永磁体，本实用新型中使用A、B两块永磁体，分别安装于板梁结构上下两侧的非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上且与带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈中心线对齐，安装于非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上的条形永磁体A左端为N极，右端均为S极，条形永磁体B左端为S极，右端为N极，如图2所示。上述这样安装的目的是为了使永磁体A和永磁体B形成磁极回路，当然永磁体的磁极安装方向也可以与上述不同，电磁螺线管线圈的绕线方向也可作相应的变化，以保证带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C和D的感应电流同相位，所属相关领域研究人员应该明白，这也在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The bar-shaped permanent magnet adopts a rare earth permanent magnet. In the utility model, two permanent magnets A and B are used, which are respectively installed on the walls made of non-ferromagnetic materials on the upper and lower sides of the plate beam structure and connected with the electromagnetic helix with a soft iron core. The center line of the tube coil is aligned, and the bar-shaped permanent magnet A installed on the wall made of non-ferromagnetic material has N poles on the left and S poles on the right. Figure 2 shows. The purpose of above-mentioned such installation is in order to make permanent magnet A and permanent magnet B form magnetic pole circuit, certainly the magnetic pole installation direction of permanent magnet also can be different with above-mentioned, and the winding direction of electromagnetic solenoid coil also can be done corresponding change, to ensure The induced currents of the electromagnetic solenoid coils C and D with soft iron cores are in the same phase, and researchers in related fields should understand that this is also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

线圈是带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈，用漆包线缠绕而成，为了提高发电的效率和被动振动控制的效果，线圈的匝数应尽可能的多，而且两个电磁螺线管线圈的漆包线缠绕方向一致。本实用新型使用C、D两个带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈，分别安装于板梁结构上下两侧的支架上且中心线与永磁体对齐，板梁结构和永磁体分别安装于相互平行的两个非铁磁性物质制成的墙壁上，带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈安装于板梁结构的末端，并以板梁中心线为对称。The coil is an electromagnetic solenoid coil with a soft iron core, which is wound with enameled wire. In order to improve the efficiency of power generation and the effect of passive vibration control, the number of turns of the coil should be as many as possible, and the enameled wire of the two electromagnetic solenoid coils The winding direction is the same. The utility model uses two electromagnetic solenoid coils with soft iron cores C and D, which are installed on the brackets on the upper and lower sides of the plate beam structure respectively, and the center line is aligned with the permanent magnet. The plate beam structure and the permanent magnet are respectively installed in parallel On the two walls made of non-ferromagnetic materials, the electromagnetic solenoid coil with soft iron core is installed at the end of the plate girder structure, and is symmetrical to the center line of the plate girder.

整流电路采用桥式整流电路，由4个两两对接的二极管6组成桥式电路，桥式整流电路是利用二极管6的单向导通性进行整流的最常用电路。桥式整流电路上下两端分别接带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D和C，左右两端接后续滤波电路，当板梁结构向上弯曲振动，感应电流方向如图5所示，对二极管D1、D4加正向电压，Dl、D4导通，对D2、D3加反向电压，D2、D3截止，电路中就由带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D、二极管D1、负载电路、二极管D4和线圈C构成闭合回路，由感应电动势形成感应电流；当板梁结构向下弯曲振动，感应电流方向如图6所示，对D2、D3加正向电压，D2、D3导通，对D1、D4加反向电压，D1、D4截止，带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C、二极管D2、负载电路、二极管D3和线圈D构成闭合回路，由感应电动势形成感应电流。如此重复下去，结果在桥式整流电路图7的输入端就得到如图8所示的感应电压，在桥式整流电路图7的输出端便得到如图9所示未经滤波的全波整流电流。The rectifier circuit adopts a bridge rectifier circuit, which consists of four diodes 6 connected in pairs to form a bridge circuit. The bridge rectifier circuit is the most commonly used circuit for rectification by using the unidirectional conductivity of the diode 6 . The upper and lower ends of the bridge rectifier circuit are respectively connected with electromagnetic solenoid coils D and C with soft iron cores, and the left and right ends are connected with subsequent filter circuits. When the plate girder structure bends upwards and vibrates, the direction of the induced current is shown in Figure 5. For diode D1 , D4 add forward voltage, D1, D4 conduction, add reverse voltage to D2, D3, D2, D3 cut off, just consist of electromagnetic solenoid coil D with soft iron core, diode D1, load circuit, diode D4 in the circuit It forms a closed loop with the coil C, and the induced current is formed by the induced electromotive force; when the plate girder structure bends and vibrates downward, the direction of the induced current is shown in Figure 6, and a forward voltage is applied to D2 and D3, D2 and D3 are turned on, and D1 and D3 are turned on. D4 adds reverse voltage, D1 and D4 cut off, electromagnetic solenoid coil C with soft iron core, diode D2, load circuit, diode D3 and coil D form a closed loop, and induced current is formed by induced electromotive force. As a result, the induced voltage shown in Figure 8 is obtained at the input end of the bridge rectifier circuit in Figure 7, and the unfiltered full-wave rectified current shown in Figure 9 is obtained at the output end of the bridge rectifier circuit in Figure 7.

滤波电路采用电容滤波电路，在桥式整流电路后并联一个电容器，如图7所示，其原理是电容器的端电压在电路状态改变时不能跃变，将桥式整流电路输出的单方向周期变化电流转化成幅值变化较为平坦的直流电，结果如图10所示。在桥式整流电路导通时，一方面供电给负载电路，同时对电容器C充电，在忽略二极管正向压降的情况下，充电电压Uc与上升的正弦电压Ui一致，如图10所示，充电电压Uc与供电电压Ui在M点同时达到最大值，而后充电电压Uc和供电电压Ui都开始下降，供电电压Ui按照正弦规律下降，当Ui<Uc时，桥式整流电路导通的二极管承受反相电压而截止，电容器C对负载电路放电，负载中仍有电流，而Uc按放电曲线mn下降，在Ui下一个正半周期，当Ui>Uc，二极管再次导通，电容器C再被充电，重复上述过程，这样，便达到了交流电变直流电的目的。The filter circuit adopts a capacitor filter circuit, and a capacitor is connected in parallel after the bridge rectifier circuit, as shown in Figure 7. The principle is that the terminal voltage of the capacitor cannot jump when the circuit state changes, and the unidirectional periodic change of the bridge rectifier circuit output The current is converted into direct current with relatively flat amplitude variation, and the result is shown in Figure 10. When the bridge rectifier circuit is turned on, on the one hand, power is supplied to the load circuit, and at the same time, the capacitor C is charged. In the case of ignoring the forward voltage drop of the diode, the charging voltage Uc is consistent with the rising sinusoidal voltage Ui, as shown in Figure 10. The charging voltage Uc and the supply voltage Ui reach the maximum value at the point M at the same time, and then both the charging voltage Uc and the supply voltage Ui begin to drop, and the supply voltage Ui drops according to the sinusoidal law. When Ui<Uc, the diode of the bridge rectifier circuit is under The reverse voltage cuts off, the capacitor C discharges the load circuit, there is still current in the load, and Uc drops according to the discharge curve mn, in the next positive half cycle of Ui, when Ui>Uc, the diode is turned on again, and the capacitor C is charged again , repeat the above process, so that the purpose of changing AC to DC is achieved.

实施例2与实施例1工作原理相同，但由于实施例2的带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈安装于板梁结构的末端，板梁结构振动时末端的位移最大，可以形成较大的电流和较大的阻尼力或阻尼力矩，能使板梁结构的振动较快衰减下来。当板梁结构向上弯曲振动时，如图5所示，永磁体A和带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C之间的距离增大，通过线圈C的磁通量减小，若回路闭合，根据楞次定律电磁螺线管线圈C产生的感应电流方向如图5所示，这是发电过程。The working principle of embodiment 2 is the same as that of embodiment 1, but because the electromagnetic solenoid coil with soft iron core in embodiment 2 is installed at the end of the plate girder structure, the displacement of the end of the plate girder structure is the largest when the plate girder structure vibrates, and a larger current can be formed And a larger damping force or damping moment can make the vibration of the plate girder structure attenuate faster. When the plate beam structure bends upwards, as shown in Figure 5, the distance between the permanent magnet A and the coil C of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core increases, and the magnetic flux passing through the coil C decreases. If the loop is closed, according to The direction of the induced current generated by the sub-law electromagnetic solenoid coil C is shown in Figure 5, which is the power generation process.

同时感应电流又会使带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C产生磁场，根据右手螺线管法则判断线圈C左端的磁极极性为N极，右端为S极，以抵消磁通量的减小，与带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C位置相对应的永磁体A左端磁极为N极，右端为S极，线圈C和永磁体A相对一侧异性磁极产生吸引力，阻止二者距离的增大。永磁体B和带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D之间的距离减小，通过线圈D的磁通量增大，若回路闭合根据楞次定律电磁螺线管线圈D产生的感应电流方向如图5所示，这是发电过程。At the same time, the induced current will cause the electromagnetic solenoid coil C with a soft iron core to generate a magnetic field. According to the right-hand solenoid rule, it is judged that the magnetic pole at the left end of the coil C is N pole, and the right end is S pole, so as to offset the decrease of the magnetic flux. The magnetic pole at the left end of the permanent magnet A corresponding to the coil C of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core is the N pole, and the right end is the S pole. The magnetic pole of the opposite sex on the opposite side of the coil C and the permanent magnet A generates an attractive force to prevent the distance between the two from increasing. . The distance between the permanent magnet B and the electromagnetic solenoid coil D with a soft iron core decreases, and the magnetic flux passing through the coil D increases. If the loop is closed, the direction of the induced current generated by the electromagnetic solenoid coil D according to Lenz's law is shown in Figure 5 As shown, this is the power generation process.

同时感应电流又会使带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D产生磁场，根据右手螺线管法则判断线圈D左端的磁极极性为N极，右端为S极，以抵消磁通量的增大，与带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D位置相对应的永磁体B左端磁极为S极，右端为N极，线圈D和永磁体B相对一侧同性磁极产生排斥力，阻止二者距离的减小。永磁体A和线圈C之间产生吸引力，永磁体B和线圈D之间产生排斥力，这样对板梁结构形成一个顺时针的弯矩，以减弱其向上的弯曲振动，这便是本实用新型实施例2板梁结构向上弯曲振动控制过程。At the same time, the induced current will cause the electromagnetic solenoid coil D with a soft iron core to generate a magnetic field. According to the right-hand solenoid rule, it is judged that the magnetic pole at the left end of the coil D is N pole, and the right end is S pole, so as to offset the increase of magnetic flux. The magnetic pole at the left end of the permanent magnet B corresponding to the position of the coil D of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core is S pole, and the right end is N pole. . An attractive force is generated between the permanent magnet A and the coil C, and a repulsive force is generated between the permanent magnet B and the coil D, so that a clockwise bending moment is formed on the plate beam structure to weaken its upward bending vibration. The control process of the upward bending vibration of the new embodiment 2 plate beam structure.

当板梁结构向下弯曲振动时，如图6所示，永磁体A和带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C之间的距离减小，通过线圈C的磁通量增大，若回路闭合，根据楞次定律电磁螺线管线圈C产生的感应电流方向如图6所示，这是发电过程。同时感应电流又会使带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C产生磁场，根据右手螺线管法则判断线圈C左端的磁场磁极为N极，右端为S极，以抵消磁通量的减小，与带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈C位置相对应的永磁体A左端磁极为S极，右端为N极，线圈C和永磁体A相对一侧同性磁极产生排斥力，阻止二者距离的减小。永磁体B和带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D之间的距离增大，通过线圈D的磁通量减小，若回路闭合根据楞次定律电磁螺线管线圈D产生的感应电流方向如图6所示，这是发电过程。When the plate girder structure bends and vibrates downward, as shown in Figure 6, the distance between the permanent magnet A and the coil C of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core decreases, and the magnetic flux passing through the coil C increases. If the loop is closed, according to The direction of the induced current generated by Lenz's law electromagnetic solenoid coil C is shown in Figure 6, which is the power generation process. At the same time, the induced current will cause the coil C of the electromagnetic solenoid with a soft iron core to generate a magnetic field. According to the right-hand solenoid rule, it is judged that the magnetic field pole at the left end of the coil C is N pole, and the right end is S pole, so as to offset the decrease of the magnetic flux. The magnetic pole at the left end of the permanent magnet A corresponding to the position of the coil C of the soft iron core electromagnetic solenoid is S pole, and the right end is N pole. The distance between the permanent magnet B and the electromagnetic solenoid coil D with a soft iron core increases, and the magnetic flux passing through the coil D decreases. If the loop is closed, the direction of the induced current generated by the electromagnetic solenoid coil D according to Lenz's law is shown in Figure 6 As shown, this is the power generation process.

同时感应电流又会使带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D产生磁场，根据右手螺线管法则判断线圈D左端的磁极极性为S极，右端为N极，以抵消磁通量的减小，与带软铁芯电磁螺线管线圈D位置相对应的永磁体B左端磁极为S极，右端为N极，线圈D和永磁体B相对一侧异性磁极产生吸引力，阻止二者距离的增大。永磁体A和线圈C之间产生排斥力，永磁体B和线圈D之间产生吸引力，这样对板梁结构形成一个逆时针的弯矩，以阻碍板梁结构向下的弯曲振动，这便是本实用新型实施例2板梁结构向下弯曲振动时的控制过程。At the same time, the induced current will cause the electromagnetic solenoid coil D with a soft iron core to generate a magnetic field. According to the right-hand solenoid rule, it is judged that the magnetic pole at the left end of the coil D is S pole, and the right end is N pole, so as to offset the decrease of the magnetic flux. The magnetic pole at the left end of the permanent magnet B corresponding to the position of coil D of the electromagnetic solenoid with soft iron core is S pole, and the right end is N pole. . A repulsive force is generated between the permanent magnet A and the coil C, and an attractive force is generated between the permanent magnet B and the coil D, so that a counterclockwise bending moment is formed on the plate girder structure to hinder the downward bending vibration of the plate girder structure, which is It is the control process during the downward bending vibration of the plate girder structure in Example 2 of the utility model.

上述虽然结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本实用新型保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本实用新型技术方案基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本实用新型保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the utility model has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation to the scope of protection of the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the utility model, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative efforts Various modifications or deformations that can be made by labor are still within the scope of protection of the utility model.