CN204926524U - Laser formula three -colour traffic signal lamp - Google Patents

本实用新型公开了一种激光式三色交通信号灯，包括光源和准直系统，还包括扩束系统和散热系统，所述扩束系统位于光源和准直系统之间，所述散热系统用于防止扩束系统受热，所述光源发出的光经过扩束系统扩束后照射到准直系统并经过准直系统形成均匀光束。本实用新型充分利用了激光的单色性好、亮度高、指向性好及光学衍射器件的体积小、重量轻、集成性高等优点，在满足以上设计要求的前提下实现了交通信号灯所需要的照明效果，并且具有系统紧凑型强的特点，突破了传统交通信号灯设计理念，与传统交通信号灯相比具有照明效果好、结构紧凑、光能利用率高等优点，具有良好的应用前景。

The utility model discloses a laser-type three-color traffic signal lamp, which includes a light source and a collimation system, and also includes a beam expander system and a heat dissipation system. The beam expander system is located between the light source and the collimation system, and the heat dissipation system is used for To prevent the beam expander system from being heated, the light emitted by the light source is expanded by the beam expander system and irradiates the collimation system to form a uniform beam through the collimation system. The utility model makes full use of the advantages of good monochromaticity, high brightness, and good directivity of the laser and the small volume, light weight, and high integration of the optical diffraction device, and realizes the requirements of the traffic signal lights on the premise of meeting the above design requirements. Compared with traditional traffic lights, it has the advantages of good lighting effects, compact structure, and high utilization rate of light energy, and has a good application prospect.

激光式三色交通信号灯Laser three-color traffic lights

技术领域 technical field

本实用新型属于光学系统技术领域，具体为一种激光式三色交通信号灯。 The utility model belongs to the technical field of optical systems, in particular to a laser type three-color traffic signal lamp.

背景技术 Background technique

交通信号灯是交通安全产品中的一个种类，是为了加强道路交通管理，减少交通事故的发生，提高道路使用效率，改善交通状况的一种重要工具。适用于十字、丁字等交叉路口，由道路交通信号控制机控制，指导车辆和行人安全有序地通行。 Traffic lights are a category of traffic safety products. They are an important tool to strengthen road traffic management, reduce traffic accidents, improve road use efficiency, and improve traffic conditions. Applicable to intersections such as crosses and T-shaped intersections, it is controlled by road traffic signal controllers to guide vehicles and pedestrians to pass safely and orderly.

目前常见的交通信号灯主要分为两部分：光源及面罩，将多颗单色LED(发光二极管)按照一定的形状进行排布，而后利用面罩将其进行简单的封装。该方案主要的不足之处在于：比如封装结构无法对出射光进行控制，很难满足照射角度及照射均匀性的要求；近距离观察信号灯时，其发光面不均匀，存在明显的颗粒感；光能利用率较低，需要采用多个LED来提高亮度。 At present, the common traffic lights are mainly divided into two parts: the light source and the mask. Multiple single-color LEDs (light-emitting diodes) are arranged in a certain shape, and then they are simply packaged by the mask. The main shortcomings of this solution are: for example, the packaging structure cannot control the outgoing light, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of the irradiation angle and uniformity of irradiation; The energy utilization rate is low, and multiple LEDs are needed to increase the brightness.

实用新型内容 Utility model content

为了克服现有技术存在的不足，本实用新型提供一种激光式三色交通信号灯。 In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the utility model provides a laser type three-color traffic signal lamp.

为解决上述技术问题，实现上述目的，本发明通过如下技术方案实现： In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

一种激光式三色交通信号灯，包括光源和准直系统，还包括扩束系统和散热系统，所述扩束系统位于光源和准直系统之间，所述散热系统用于防止扩束系统受热，所述光源发出的光经过扩束系统扩束后照射到准直系统并经过准直系统形成均匀光束。 A laser type three-color traffic signal light, comprising a light source and a collimation system, and also includes a beam expander system and a heat dissipation system, the beam expander system is located between the light source and the collimation system, and the heat dissipation system is used to prevent the beam expander system from being heated , the light emitted by the light source is expanded by the beam expander system and then irradiates the collimation system to form a uniform beam through the collimation system.

本实用新型的有益效果如下：充分利用了激光的单色性好、亮度高、指向性好及光学衍射器件的体积小、重量轻、集成性高等优点，在满足以上设计要求的前提下实现了交通信号灯所需要的照明效果，并且具有系统紧凑型强的特点，突破了传统交通信号灯设计理念，与传统交通信号灯相比具有照明效果好、结构紧凑、光能利用率高等优点，具有良好的应用前景。 The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the advantages of good monochromaticity, high brightness and good directivity of the laser and the small volume, light weight and high integration of the optical diffraction device are fully utilized, and the realization of The lighting effect required by traffic lights, and has the characteristics of compact and strong system, which breaks through the design concept of traditional traffic lights. Compared with traditional traffic lights, it has the advantages of good lighting effect, compact structure, and high utilization rate of light energy. prospect.

附图说明 Description of drawings

为了使本实用新型的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚，本实用新型提供如下附图进行说明： In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the utility model clearer, the utility model provides the following drawings for illustration:

图1为交通信号灯的结构框图； Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of traffic lights;

图2为交通信号灯的结构示意图； Fig. 2 is the structural representation of traffic signal lamp;

图3为人眼明视觉相对光谱效率与波长的关系图。 FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the relative spectral efficiency and wavelength of human visual acuity.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图及本实用新型的具体实施方式对本实用新型激光式三色交通信号灯作以下说明。 Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment of the present utility model, the laser type three-color traffic signal lamp of the present utility model is described as follows.

实施例：一种激光式三色交通信号灯，包括光源1和准直系统3，还包括扩束系统2和散热系统4，所述扩束系统2位于光源1和准直系统3之间，所述散热系统4用于防止扩束系统2受热，所述光源1发出的光经过扩束系统2扩束后照射到准直系统3并经过准直系统3形成均匀光束。 Embodiment: A kind of laser type three-color traffic signal lamp, comprises light source 1 and collimation system 3, also comprises beam expander system 2 and cooling system 4, and described beam expander system 2 is located between light source 1 and collimation system 3, so The heat dissipation system 4 is used to prevent the beam expander system 2 from being heated. The light emitted by the light source 1 is expanded by the beam expander system 2 and irradiates the collimation system 3 to form a uniform beam through the collimation system 3 .

光源1包括红色激光、黄色激光和绿色激光。其中，红色激光的发光功率为40.9mw-102.2mw，黄色激光的发光功率为11.4mw-28.5mw，绿色激光的发光功率为12.6mw-31.4mw。 The light source 1 includes red laser, yellow laser and green laser. Among them, the luminous power of the red laser is 40.9mw-102.2mw, the luminous power of the yellow laser is 11.4mw-28.5mw, and the luminous power of the green laser is 12.6mw-31.4mw.

扩束系统2采用已被激光直写仪刻蚀成多台阶结构的光学衍射器件对具有一定发散角的激光光束进行扩束，同时配合出射激光的参数尺寸进行优化设计。准直系统3采用菲涅尔透镜并将其光滑面用作光学面罩，使其满足在规定照射区域(水平方向角度为左右30之间，俯仰方向角度为0°到向下10°之间)内的光强分布均匀。扩束系统2采用的光学衍射器件对具有一定发散角度的出射激光进行扩束，使得激光束在衍射距离为d₁时覆盖直径的圆形菲涅尔透镜。光学衍射器件是一种采用激光直写工艺在透明基底上刻蚀经过设计的台阶结构的光学元件，可实现对入射激光进行大角度扩束。光学衍射器件的设计原理与算法可以在相关的文献资料中查找，常见的有基于正反傅里叶变换的G-S迭代算法及相应的改进算法。制作符合本实例的光学衍射器件可以根据具体的激光器出射光场分布，经过相应的设计与加工制作，使得激光束经过光学衍射器件进行大角度扩束，从而使得激光束覆盖整个菲涅尔透镜区域。 The beam expander system 2 uses an optical diffraction device that has been etched into a multi-step structure by the laser direct writer to expand the laser beam with a certain divergence angle, and optimizes the design of the parameter size of the outgoing laser. The collimation system 3 uses a Fresnel lens and uses its smooth surface as an optical mask to meet the specified irradiation area (the angle in the horizontal direction is between 30° left and right, and the angle in the pitch direction is between 0° and 10° downward). The light intensity distribution inside is uniform. The optical diffraction device used in the beam expander system 2 expands the outgoing laser beam with a certain divergence angle, so that the laser beam covers the diameter when the diffraction distance is d ₁ circular Fresnel lens. The optical diffraction device is an optical element that uses a laser direct writing process to etch a designed step structure on a transparent substrate, which can expand the incident laser beam at a large angle. The design principles and algorithms of optical diffraction devices can be found in relevant literature. The common ones are the GS iterative algorithm based on forward and reverse Fourier transform and the corresponding improved algorithm. The optical diffraction device conforming to this example can be designed and processed according to the specific laser output light field distribution, so that the laser beam can be expanded at a large angle through the optical diffraction device, so that the laser beam can cover the entire Fresnel lens area .

准直系统3所采用的菲涅尔透镜在材料选择方面采用高透光率、机械强度高、内部应力小的PC材料实现对交通信号灯的外部保护。 The Fresnel lens used in the collimation system 3 adopts PC material with high light transmittance, high mechanical strength and small internal stress in terms of material selection to realize the external protection of the traffic signal light.

散热系统4采用半导体散热片，以此增大散热面积，提高散热效率，从而保证元件的使用性能，尤其是防止光学衍射器件因受热使得台阶高度发生变化影响其衍射效率，从而提高交通信号灯的使用寿命。 The heat dissipation system 4 uses semiconductor heat sinks to increase the heat dissipation area and improve the heat dissipation efficiency, thereby ensuring the performance of the components, especially preventing the diffraction efficiency of the optical diffraction device from being affected by the change of the step height due to heat, thereby improving the use of traffic lights life.

在激光器参数选择上应符合道路交通信号灯国家标准GB14887-2011的要求，对于无图案信号灯发光单元的发光强度分布应符合在规定照射区域(10m)内，发光强度应均匀，即在该区域内任一方向上的发光强度，不应低于400cd，且不大于1000cd。 The selection of laser parameters should comply with the requirements of the national standard GB14887-2011 for road traffic lights. The luminous intensity distribution of the light-emitting unit of the non-patterned signal light should meet the requirements within the specified irradiation area (10m), and the luminous intensity should be uniform, that is, within this area. The luminous intensity in one direction should not be lower than 400cd and not greater than 1000cd.

由此可知，在10m的照射区域，基准线上的发光强度应满足： It can be seen that in the irradiated area of 10m, the luminous intensity on the reference line should meet:

400cd<I<1000cd(1) 400cd<I<1000cd(1)

根据测光公式： According to the metering formula:

照度[lx]＝光强度[cd]*球面度/平方米(2) Illuminance [lx] = light intensity [cd] * steradian/square meter (2)

则相应的照度应在0.76lx～1.91lx之间 The corresponding illuminance should be between 0.76lx and 1.91lx

根据光通量公式： According to the luminous flux formula:

光通量[lm]＝照度*被照面积(3) Luminous flux [lm] = illuminance * illuminated area (3)

若考虑大部分光分布需在10度范围内，则由式3得到相应的光通量应为：7.4lm～18.5lm。 If it is considered that most of the light distribution needs to be within 10 degrees, the corresponding luminous flux obtained from formula 3 should be: 7.4lm~18.5lm.

根据图1中人眼明视觉相对光谱效率与波长的关系，可以获得三色激光下的发光效率: According to the relationship between the relative spectral efficiency and wavelength of human eyesight vision in Figure 1, the luminous efficiency under the three-color laser can be obtained:

表1红黄绿三色激光器发光功率 Table 1 Red, yellow and green three-color laser luminous power

为使得该类型交通信号灯在照射区域符合国家标准须满足表1中对三色激光的发光功率要求。 In order to make this type of traffic signal lamp meet the national standard in the illuminated area, it must meet the luminous power requirements of the three-color laser in Table 1.